HUBS: Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor Cui, W.; Chen, L.-B.; Gao, B. ...
Journal of low temperature physics,
04/2020, Letnik:
199, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) is proposed in China as a major X-ray mission for the next decade. It is designed to be highly focused scientifically, with two primary objectives: (1) detecting ...X-ray emission from hot baryons in intergalactic medium and circumgalactic medium (CGM), and characterizing their physical and chemical properties; (2) studying, based on the observations, the accretion and feedback processes that are thought to be highly relevant to the heating and chemical enrichment of the baryons in the CGM. Because of very low densities, the signal is expected to be very weak and thus technically difficult to detect. On the other hand, the spectrum of the emission is expected to be line rich, so it would be effective for detecting the hot baryons in bright emission lines. For that, an instrument with high spectral resolution, large effective area and large field of view (FoV) would be required. HUBS will couple a TES-based X-ray imaging spectrometer to a large FoV X-ray telescope to satisfy these requirements. A preliminary design of HUBS is presented.
The ultrafast laser excitation of matters leads to nonequilibrium states with complex solid-liquid phase-transition dynamics. We used electron diffraction at mega-electron volt energies to visualize ...the ultrafast melting of gold on the atomic scale length. For energy densities approaching the irreversible melting regime, we first observed heterogeneous melting on time scales of 100 to 1000 picoseconds, transitioning to homogeneous melting that occurs catastrophically within 10 to 20 picoseconds at higher energy densities. We showed evidence for the heterogeneous coexistence of solid and liquid. We determined the ion and electron temperature evolution and found superheated conditions. Our results constrain the electron-ion coupling rate, determine the Debye temperature, and reveal the melting sensitivity to nucleation seeds.
Background
Several previous researches had found artery stiffness associated skeletal muscle mass, but not considering muscle strength and physical performance, which also were compositions of ...sarcopenia. This study aims to reveal the relationship of artery stiffness and sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria.
Methods
Study was performed on 1002 Chinese community dwelling participants aged ≥65 years from November 2016 to March 2017. Body composition, muscle strength, physical performance, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) considering as artery stiffness index were measured.
Results
In multiple regression analysis, baPWV was associated with handgrip (β=−0.13, P=0.04) and Relative skeletal muscle mass index (ASM/Ht
2
) (β=−0.02, P<0.01), but not with 4-meter velocity (P=0.21). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that 1-SD (3.50m/s) increased in baPWV was still associated with a 11% (CI, 4%–20%; P<0.01) higher odds of being sarcopenia. In the gender subgroup analysis, the relationship of baPWV and sarcopenia remain significant in men (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07–1.42, P<0.01), but not in women (P=0.07).
Conclusions
High brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is associated with sarcopenia in Chinese community-dwelling elderly, with gender differences.
Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important gene regulators, which can have critical roles in diverse biological processes including tumorigenesis. In this study, we analyzed ...the miRNA expression profiles in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by use of a miRNA microarray platform and identified 40 differentially expressed miRNAs. We showed that miRNA (miR)-451 was the most downregulated in NSCLC tissues. The expression level of miR-451 was found to be significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, pathological stage and lymph-node metastasis. Moreover, low miR-451 expression level was also correlated with shorter overall survival of NSCLC patients (P<0.001). Ectopic miR-451 expression significantly suppressed the in vitro proliferation and colony formation of NSCLC cells and the development of tumors in nude mice by enhancing apoptosis, which might be associated with inactivation of Akt signaling pathway. Interestingly, ectopic miR-451 expression could significantly inhibit RAB14 protein expression and decrease a luciferase-reporter activity containing the RAB14 3'-untranslated region (UTR). In addition,, RNA interference silencing of RAB14 gene could recapitulate the tumor suppressor function of miR-451, whereas restoration of RAB14 expression could partially attenuate the tumor suppressor function of miR-451 in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we also showed that strong positive immunoreactivity of RAB14 protein was significantly associated with downregulation of miR-451 (P=0.01). These findings suggest that miR-451 regulates survival of NSCLC cells partially through the downregulation of RAB14. Therefore, targeting with the miR-451/RAB14 interaction might serve as a novel therapeutic application to treat NSCLC patients.
The management of intracranial pseudoaneurysms is controversial. The purpose of this study was to provide a preliminary evaluation of the clinical efficacy of a Willis covered stent specially ...designed for the intracranial vasculature in the management of a pseudoaneurysm of the cranial internal carotid artery (CICA).
Eight patients with pseudoaneurysms of the CICA were treated with use of the Willis covered stent. The flexibility of the entire stent system was gauged from the resistance met when reaching the target lesion and was categorized as no resistance, no apparent resistance, or resistance that could be overcome. The apposition of the Willis stent after deployment was scored as excellent with no endoleak, good with a small endoleak, or bad with an apparent endoleak. Follow-up angiography was performed 3 to 12 months after placement of the stent, and angiographic assessments were categorized as endoleak, stenosis of the covered segment of vessel, or occlusion of parent arteries. Follow-up clinical evaluations were also performed, and outcomes were graded as full recovery, improvement, unchanged, and aggravation.
Endovascular treatment was technically successful in all aneurysms without procedural-related complications, and all of the stents were easily navigated to the targeted lesions in the CICA. Complete resolution of the pseudoaneurysm was observed in 6 patients immediately after the procedure, and a minimal endoleak into the aneurysm persisted in 2 patients. No morbidity or mortality and no technical adverse event occurred. A follow-up angiogram confirmed complete reconstruction of the internal carotid artery, with no recurrent aneurysmal filling and no occurrence of stenosis in the area of the stent. By the final follow-up visit, 4 patients had fully recovered, 3 had improved, and 1 patient's condition was unchanged.
On the basis of our preliminary experience, the Willis covered stent specially designed for the intracranial vasculature can manage a CICA pseudoaneurysm safely and effectively, but longer follow-up and expanded clinical trials are needed.
Background and Aims
Virus detection is essential in programs in which virus‐tested plants are required. The aim of this study was to establish in vitro biological methods for indexing grapevine ...leafroll‐associated virus‐3 (GLRaV‐3) in red‐ and white‐berried grapevines.
Methods and Results
Healthy, red‐berried grapevine Cabernet Sauvignon CaSa (H) was used as a rootstock in micrografting experiments with virus‐infected Cabernet Sauvignon CaSa (VI) and Chardonnay Ch (VI) scions. Vascular bundles connecting the rootstock and scions developed, and 100% of the micrografts survived 3 and 4 weeks after micrografting, respectively. Symptoms of GLRaV‐3 were expressed in 80 and 20% of CaSa (H) rootstocks micrografted with CaSa (VI) and with Ch (VI) scions, respectively, 12 weeks after micrografting. The rootstock CaSa (H) that had been micrografted with CaSa (VI) and Ch (VI) scions for 5 weeks was subsequently cultured on half‐strength Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 75 mmol/L NaCl to induce salt stress. The GLRaV‐3 symptoms were expressed in 88% of micrografts CaSa (VI)/CaSa (H) and 85% of micrografts Ch (VI)/CaSa (H) after 5 weeks of salt stress. Reddish‐purple leaf coloration and downward rolling were observed in CaSa (H) rootstocks that were micrografted with CaSa (VI) scions, while leaf downward rolling and yellowing were seen in CaSa (H) rootstocks that were micrografted with Ch (VI) scions.
Conclusions
Salt stress improved in vitro biological indexing of GLRaV‐3 in grapevines.
Significance of the Study
Establishment of in vitro micrografting and salt stress provided alternative methods for indexing of GLRaV‐3 in red‐ and white‐berried grapevines.
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