Oxidation is a normal consequence of metabolism in biological organisms. The result is the formation of detrimental reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). A large number ...of studies have shown that polyphenolic compounds have good antioxidant properties.
species plants have high polyphenolic content and are widely used in food, medicinal, or the cosmetic field. The main polyphenols in
species are flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins, which have multiple effects. However, there is a limited number of studies on polyphenols in
species plants. This review systematically summarizes the polyphenols compounds and antioxidant activity of
species plants, and it is noteworthy that the main mechanisms of the polyphenols of
with antioxidant activity have been summarized as follows: regulating enzyme activity, affect the antioxidant reaction of cells, and others. This review provides useful information for the further study and application of
species polyphenols and their antioxidant activity.
Iridoids are a class of active compounds that widely exist in the plant kingdom. In recent years, with advances in phytochemical research, many compounds with novel structure and outstanding activity ...have been identified. Iridoid compounds have been confirmed to mainly exist as the prototype and aglycone and Ι and II metabolites, by biological transformation. These metabolites have been shown to have neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. This review summarizes the new structures and activities of iridoids identified locally and globally, and explains their pharmacokinetics from the aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion according to the differences in their structures, thus providing a theoretical basis for further rational development and utilization of iridoids and their metabolites.
The analogues of biphenol A (BPA), including bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol B (BPB), are commonly used to replace the application of BPA in containers and wrappers of daily life. However, their ...safeties are questioned due to their similar chemical structure and possible physiological effects as BPA. To investigate the neurotoxic effects of BPA, BPS, and BPB as well as their underlying mechanism, IMR-32 cell line from male and SK-N-SH cell line from female were exposed respectively to BPA, BPS and BPB with concentrations of 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM for 24 h. Additionally, 24 h exposure of BPA combining epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (4 μM and 8 μM for IMR-32 and SK-N-SH respectively) were conducted. Results demonstrated that BPs exposure could promote reactive oxygen species production and increase level of malondialdehyde (MDA) while decrease levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Intensive study revealed that after exposure to BPA mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dropped down and the protein expression levels of Bak-1, Bax, cytochrome c and Caspase-3 were up-regulated but Bcl-2 were down-regulated significantly. Moreover, apoptosis rate was raised and cell activity declined remarkably in the neuroblastoma cells. All the effects induced by BPA could be alleviated by the adding of EGCG, which similar alleviations could be inferred in IMR-32 and SK-N-SH cells induced by BPS and BPB. Furthermore, BPS showed lower neurotoxic effects compared to BPA and BPB. Interestingly, the neurotoxic effects of BPA on IMR-32 cells were significantly higher than those on SK-N-SH cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that BPA, BPS and BPB could induce oxidative stress and apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in the neuroblastoma cells and male is more susceptible to BPs than female.
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•BPs lead to oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell lines.•BPA results in the loss of MMP to accelerate BPA -induced apoptosis.•EGCG can alleviate BPA-induced oxidative damage.•Male is more susceptible and vulnerable to BPs exposure than female.
•Fracture networks are transformed into weighted graphs.•Percolating subnetworks are retrieved based on graph.•Three kinds of topological centrality of percolating subnetworks are assessed.•The ...relationship between centrality and flow capacity is discovered.•Flow capacity has a negative exponent relationship with betweenness centrality.
The influence of fracture permeability and fracture network connectivity on the equivalent permeability tensor of the fractured rock mass is investigated and compared. 70 discrete three-dimensional fracture networks with various connectivity are generated. By constructing a graph of each fracture network based on intersection judgment between fractures, two types of connected subnetworks (subgraphs) are extracted according to their potential contribution to flow. The equivalent permeability tensors of the fractured porous media containing the full fracture network and its subnetworks under eight fracture permeability are calculated, respectively. Results demonstrate: (1) the fracture permeability determines the upper and lower bounds of the magnitude of the equivalent permeability tensor of the fractured rock mass. (2) The dominance of the connectivity of a percolating fracture network on the equivalent permeability tensor is dependent on the ratio of matrix permeability to fracture permeability. When the ratio of fracture permeability to matrix permeability is less than 1 × 105, even high fracture network connectivity cannot exert control over the ensemble flow response and the equivalent permeability of the fractured rock mass is limited by the fracture permeability and intensity. (3) As the ratio exceeds 1 × 105, the number of percolating dimensions of the connected subnetworks plays a critical role in the shape of the equivalent permeability ellipsoid of the fractured porous media. Moreover, the average of the three principal values of the equivalent permeability tensor has a negative exponent relationship with the mean of nodes’ normalized betweenness centrality of the connected subnetwork and increases exponentially as the mean of nodes’ degree centrality of the connected subnetwork increases.
Atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis are closely related. However, no high-quality studies have investigated the potential of micro-fragmented adipose tissue to treat patients with atherosclerosis ...accompanied by osteoarthritis. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG DATA, and CQVIP were searched for potentially eligible studies published before October 13, 2022. Due to the statistical limitations of the existing relevant literature, it is not possible to make direct statistics on the patients with osteoarthritis accompanied by atherosclerosis treated by micro-fragmented adipose tissue. The primary outcome consisted of two parts: 1) Correlation between atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis; 2) Scores of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). And secondary outcomes were pain assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) or numeric rating scale (NRS), quality of life (QoL) (assessed using tools apart from the KOOS), and adverse events (AEs). Random meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14.0. Nineteen studies were included. The metaanalysis evidenced a positive association between atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis (OR 1.17, CI 1.01-1.36). The mean absolute difference in KOOS subscale scores between pre- and post-treatment (mean with 95% confidence interval CI) was 19.65 (13.66, 25.63), 14.20 (4.64, 23.76), 19.95 (13.02, 26.89), 25.23 (14.80, 35.66), and 26.01 (13.68, 38.35) for pain, symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), sports/recreation, and quality-of-life (QOL), respectively. The mean differences in VAS, resting VAS, activity VAS, and NRS between pre- and post-treatment was -8.24 (-10.66, -5.82), -3.61 (-4.49, -2.72), -4.17 (-4.89, -3.44), and -2.17 (-4.06, and -0.28), respectively. The mean difference in score of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), EQ-5D, and University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) between pre- and post-treatment was -24.81 (-40.80, -8.82), 0.07 (0.02, 0.12), and 0.30 (-0.42, 1.02), respectively. The mean difference in Tegner score and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score between pre- and post-treatment was 0.67 (-0.62, 1.97) and 13.70 (6.35, 21.04), respectively. The use of micro-fragmented adipose tissue was associated with risk of bruising, bleeding, hematoma, drainage, infection, soreness, swelling, pain, and stiffness in harvest and injection sites. Atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis share common risk factors and comorbidity. And the use of micro-fragmented adipose tissue may benefit for improving symptoms of knee osteoarthritis accompanied by atherosclerosis although may lead to some mild adverse events. Randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are necessary for further evaluation because many limitations of this meta-analysis cannot be ignored.
•The correlation between the antihypertensive effect and bitter taste of peptides is investigated.•A low correlation between ACE inhibition and bitterness is found for longer peptides.•Peptides of up ...to 4 amino acids long are sufficient to have antihypertensive potency.•Tripeptides and tetrapeptides could be used as ideal candidates for food additives.
Peptides with antihypertensive potency have long been attractive to the medical and food communities. However, serving as food additives, rather than therapeutic agents, peptides should have a good taste. In the present study, we explore the intrinsic relationship between the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and bitterness of short peptides in the framework of computational peptidology, attempting to find out the appropriate properties for functional food peptides with satisfactory bioactivities. As might be expected, quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling reveals a significant positive correlation between the ACE inhibition and bitterness of dipeptides, but this correlation is quite modest for tripeptides and, particularly, tetrapeptides. Moreover, quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics analysis of the structural basis and energetic profile involved in ACE–peptide complexes unravels that peptides of up to 4 amino acids long are sufficient to have efficient binding to ACE, and more additional residues do not bring with substantial enhance in their ACE-binding affinity and, thus, antihypertensive capability. All of above, it is coming together to suggest that the tripeptides and tetrapeptides could be considered as ideal candidates for seeking potential functional food additives with both high antihypertensive activity and low bitterness.
With increasing renewable penetration, several ISOs are instituting ramp capability products to manage the operational challenge of balancing power in real-time. For example, in MISO's plan, ramp ...capabilities would be secured 10 min ahead based on the Gaussian-sigma rule (2.5 standard deviations for 99% confidence level). These products are used to manage both net load variations (foreseeable changes) and uncertainties (unforeseeable changes) through economic dispatches every 5 min. Ramp capabilities secured at time t may not be available to meet the uncertain net load at after the dispatch at t + 5 min. As a result, the required confidence level may not be satisfied. Also, the Gaussiansigma rule is for reliability only, and might not be cost efficient. The requirement design can thus be subtle. This paper is on the analysis and design of reliable and efficient ramp capability products. To truly satisfy the required confidence level, our idea is to keep enough of the ramp capabilities secured at t for t + 10 min by adding constraints on the dispatch at t + 5 min. Moreover, costs are minimized by selecting the proper number of standard deviations through simulation-based optimization. Numerical results show that net load variations and uncertainties are effectively managed with significant cost savings.
•Costunolide inhibits STAT3 transcriptional activity；•Costunolide impairing STAT3 signal pathway；•Costunolide suppressed osteosarcoma growth and metastasis；•Costunolide is a potential candidate in ...osteosarcoma therapy.
Costunolide, an active sesquiterpene lactone, is derived from a number of medicinal plants and it exhibits a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory and potential anti-tumor activity. However, its effects on human osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been evaluated. Here, we found Costunolide inhibits STAT3 transcriptional activity and the expression level of phospho-STAT3 (Tyr-705). Furthermore, we found Costunolide suppresses STAT3 downstream target genes expression. Finally, our data demonstrated Costunolide inhibits osteosarcoma growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our studyprovided the first evidence that Costunolide inhibits osteosarcomagrowth and metastasis by impairing STAT3 signal pathway and Costunolide is a potential candidate in osteosarcoma therapy.
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