The diversification of wireless network traffic attack characteristics has led to the problems what traditional intrusion detection technology with high false positive rate, low detection efficiency, ...and poor generalization ability. In order to enhance the security and improve the detection ability of malicious intrusion behavior in a wireless network, this paper proposes a wireless network intrusion detection method based on improved convolutional neural network (ICNN). First, the network traffic data is characterized and preprocessed, then modeled the network intrusion traffic data by ICNN. The low-level intrusion traffic data is abstractly represented as advanced features by CNN, which extracted autonomously the sample features, and optimizing network parameters by stochastic gradient descent algorithm to converge the model. Finally, we conducted a sample test to detect the intrusion behavior of the network. The simulation results show that the method proposed in our paper has higher detection accuracy and true positive rate together with a lower false positive rate. The test results on the test set KDDTest + in our paper show that compared with the traditional models, the detection accuracy is 8.82% and 0.51% higher than that of LeNet-5 and DBN, respectively, and the recall rate is 4.24% and 1.16% higher than that of LeNet-5 and RNN, respectively, while the false positive rate is lower than the other three types of models. It also has a big advantage compared to the IDABCNN and NIDMBCNN methods.
Interdependent cultures around the world have generally controlled COVID-19 better. We tested this pattern in China based on the rice theory, which argues that historically rice-farming regions of ...China are more interdependent than wheat-farming areas. Unlike earlier findings, rice-farming areas suffered more COVID-19 cases in the early days of the outbreak. We suspected this happened because the outbreak fell on Chinese New Year, and people in rice areas felt more pressure to visit family and friends. We found historical evidence that people in rice areas visit more family and friends for Chinese New Year than people in wheat areas. In 2020, rice areas also saw more New Year travel. Regional differences in social visits were correlated with COVID-19 spread. These results reveal an exception to the general idea that interdependent culture helps cultures contain COVID-19. When relational duties conflict with public health, interdependence can lead to more spread of disease.
This paper analyzes the practical dilemmas of the internship assessment system in universities, including unclear internship assessment goals, lack of transparency in the internship assessment ...process, lack of process records in internship assessment, inefficient and cumbersome collation of internship assessment data, etc. "Interactive and interactive" internship evaluation system can effectively solve these problems. The practice of accounting major has the characteristics of regional decentralization and strong skills. With the help of mobile intelligence technology, the diversity of internship assessment contents, the rationality of internship assessment standards and the diversity of assessment methods can be realized, and the purpose of practical knowledge construction can be achieved in thinking, cooperation, learning and exchange.
The modulation transfer function (MTF) is an important parameter for performance evaluation of optical imaging systems in photogrammetry and remote sensing; the slanted-edge method is one of the main ...methods for measuring MTF. To solve the problem of inaccurate edge detection by traditional methods under the conditions of noise and blur, this paper proposes a new method of MTF measurement with a slanted-edge method based on improved Zernike moments, which firstly introduces the Otsu algorithm to automatically determine the Zernike moment threshold for sub-pixel edge detection to precisely locate the edge points, then obtains LSF through edge point projection, ESF sampling point acquisition, smoothing, fitting, taking ESF curve differential and Gaussian fitting, and finally, accurately obtaining MTF by LSF Fourier transform and modulo normalization. Based on simulation experiments and outdoor target experiments, the reliability of the proposed algorithm is verified by the deviations of slanted-edge angle and MTF measurement, and the tolerance degree of edge detection to noise and ambiguity are analyzed. The results show that compared with ISO 12233, OMNI-sine method, Hough transform method and LSD method, this algorithm has the highest edge detection accuracy, the maximum tolerance of noise and ambiguity, and also improves the accuracy of MTF measurement.
The aim of this investigation is to develop a three-dimensional filial piety scale and explore its psychometric properties. Two studies are conducted based on Wang's three-dimensional filial piety ...model. Study 1 consists of a review of the current literature, in-depth interviews, and feedback from the target group and experts. An initial 36-item scale using a bipolar Likert 6-point rating scale is developed. Then exploratory factor analysis is conducted on working adults (n = 617) to explore the dimensions and final items, and a 15-item scale with three factors is obtained. Study 2 confirms the factor structure of the new three-factor scale obtained from Study 1 using a confirmatory factor analysis with sample 1 (n = 585). Next, the criterion validity is tested with sample 2 (n = 248) and test-retest reliability with sample 3 (n = 67). The results support the model on which this scale is based and show three dimensions of filial piety, namely the balance of interests, good affection, and family role norms. As a valid, reliable scale, the three-dimensional filial piety scale can therefore be used in the Chinese context to measure filial piety for working adults of different genders and ages and in different cohabitation situations.
To improve the fixation of the prosthesis-bone interface and to prevent postoperative infection, a novel antimicrobial hydrogel coating is designed as the biological fixation interface of the ...artificial joint prosthesis. Antimicrobial chitosan (CS) and gelatine (GT) were used as bioinks to print a CS-GT hydrogel coating with reticulated porous structure on the titanium alloy substrate by 3D printing technology. The experimental results show that the 7CS-10GT hydrogel coating has a macro-grid structure and honeycomb micro-network structure, excellent hydrophilicity (35.64°), high mechanical strength (elastic modulus 0.92 MPa) and high bonding strength (3.36 MPa) with the titanium alloy substrate. In addition, the antimicrobial effect of 7CS-10GT hydrogel against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is enhanced after immersion in nano‑silver. Moreover, the 7CS-10GT hydrogel displays good cell compatibility and supports proliferation of NIH-3 T3 cells. In summary, the 3D printed CS-GT antimicrobial hydrogel coating provides an ideal microenvironment for cell adhesion and bone growth due to the dual-scale porous network structure, good hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, thus promoting rapid fixation of the bone interface. This technology opens a new possibility for this biological fixation interface in artificial joint replacement.
Nighttime lights (NTL) create a unique footprint left by human activities, which can reflect the economic index and demographic characteristics of a country or region to some extent. It is of great ...significance to explore the impact of land features related to social–economic indexes to NTL intensity in urban areas. At present, there are few studies on the impact factors of high-resolution NTL remote sensing data to analyze the influence of NTL intensity variation at a fine scale. In this paper, taking Changchun, China as a case study, we selected the new generation of high spatial resolution (0.92 m) and multispectral bands NTL image JL1-3B data to evaluate the relationship between NTL intensity and related land features such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land use types and point of information (POI) at the parcel level, and combined Luojia 1-01 images for comparative analysis. After screening features by the Gini index, 17 variables were selected to establish the best random forest (RF) regression model for the Luojia 1-01 and JL1-3B data, corresponding to out-of-bag (oob) scores of 0.8304 and 0.9054, respectively. The impact of features on NTL was determined by calculating the features contribution. It was found that JL1-3B data perform better on a finer scale and provide more information. In addition, JL1-3B data are less affected by light overflow effect and saturation, and they could provide more accurate information at smaller parcels. Through the impact analysis of land features on the two kinds of NTL data, it is proven that JL1-3B images can be used to study effectively the relationship between NTL and human activities information. This paper aims to establish a regression model between the radiance of two types of NTL data and land features by RF algorithm, to further excavate the main land features that impact radiance according to the feature contribution, and compare the performance of two types of NTL data in regression. The study is expected to provide a reference to the further application of NTL data such as land feature inversion, artificial surface monitoring and evaluation, geographic information point estimation, information mining, etc., and a more comprehensive cognition of land feature impact to urban social–economic indexes from a unique perspective, which can be used to assist urban planning and related decision-making.
Gender differences in wisdom are an important theme in mythology, philosophy, psychology, and daily life. Based on the existing psychological research, consensus and dispute exist between the two ...genders on the views of wisdom and in the levels of wisdom. In terms of the views of wisdom, the way men and women view wisdom is highly similar, and from the perspectives of both ordinary people and professional researchers of wisdom psychology, wise men and women are extremely similar. Regarding wisdom level, research has revealed that, although significant gender effects exist in the level of overall wisdom, reflective and affective dimension, and interpersonal conflict coping styles, the effect sizes were small, which indicated that these gender differences were not obvious. It would be desirable for future research to combine multiple wisdom measurements, strengthen research on the psychological gender effect of wisdom, and focus on the moderating role of age on the relationship between wisdom and gender.
There are three main types of culture in human society, namely, individual-oriented, relationship-oriented and social-oriented cultures. In history, there are two main positions on the relationship ...between culture and self-construal: the cultural determinist position and the interaction position. After analyzing literature critically, we propose that the interaction position is more persuasive than the cultural determinist position. A self-construal model was constructed from an interactionist and polycultural perspective, pointing out the relationship between three cultures and self-construal. We argue that individuals interacting with cultures in the context of globalization can develop a more integrated self-construal. The present study proposes the existence of polycultural self-construal, and aimed to explore how self-construal factors relate to cultures.
Three approaches-psychological tests, priming with cultural icons and content analysis-were used to explore mechanisms between cultures (individual-oriented, relationship-oriented, and social-oriented cultures) and self-construal. In Study 1, we recruited 460 undergraduate students as participants through campus advertising to complete three psychological tests, namely, the Cultural Identity Scale (CIS), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Approval Scale (MC-SDS), and the Polycultural Self-construal Scale (PSCS). In Study 2, we created icon materials that could prime the three cultures. The experimental process was divided into two stages: priming and measurement. First, 165 participants were presented with icon materials on the computer screen to activate the corresponding culture, and then they were asked to complete the PSCS. In Study 3, the experimental procedures were followed as for Study 2. Then the Ten Statements Test (TST) was used. Each of the 178 participants gave 10 different responses to the question of "Who am I?." Each participant's "I am …" narratives were qualitatively processed using content analysis.
The individual-oriented culture mainly affects the individuality and equality factor of self-construal. The relationship-oriented culture mainly impacts the relationality factor of self-construal, while the social-oriented culture mainly affects the collectivity and equality factors of self-construal. There were no significant differences in the effects of the three cultures on the autonomy factor of self-construal. The multi-components of the polycultural self-construal are difficult to interpret based on one culture type. All three cultures have specific and shared effects on human self-construal.
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