Qu Yuan, a renowned ancient Chinese poet, once pondered in his work Heavenly Inquiry: "If the sun's light is absent, from where does the radiance of the Hero Flower emanate?" The ability to see ...clearly in the darkest of nights has long been a sought-after magical power by humans. It holds not only immense technological significance for computer vision and remote sensing but also profound implications for transcending the dichotomy between day and night in our daily lives. Professor Fanglin Bao from Westlake University has made significant breakthroughs in this field, bringing us closer to a world where we can transform night into day. His groundbreaking research on Heat-Assisted Detection and Ranging (HADAR) and night vision was featured as the cover story in Nature on July 26, 2023.For this issue of "Light People", Professor Fanglin Bao will share his research journey and the captivating story behind HADAR.
An electronic (e‐) skin is expected to experience significant wear and tear over time. Therefore, self‐healing stretchable materials that are simultaneously soft and with high fracture energy, that ...is high tolerance of damage or small cracks without propagating, are essential requirements for the realization of robust e‐skin. However, previously reported elastomers and especially self‐healing polymers are mostly viscoelastic and lack high mechanical toughness. Here, a new class of polymeric material crosslinked through rationally designed multistrength hydrogen bonding interactions is reported. The resultant supramolecular network in polymer film realizes exceptional mechanical properties such as notch‐insensitive high stretchability (1200%), high toughness of 12 000 J m−2, and autonomous self‐healing even in artificial sweat. The tough self‐healing materials enable the wafer‐scale fabrication of robust and stretchable self‐healing e‐skin devices, which will provide new directions for future soft robotics and skin prosthetics.
An extremely tough and water‐insensitive self‐healing elastomer crosslinked through multistrength hydrogen bonding interactions is described. The resultant crosslinking network in polymer film realizes exceptional mechanical properties such as notch‐insensitive high stretchability (1200%), a high toughness of 12 000 J m−2, and autonomous self‐healing even in artificial sweat. The tough self‐healing materials enable the wafer‐scale fabrication of robust and stretchable self‐healing e‐skin devices.
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into value‐added chemical fuels is an appealing approach to address energy crisis and global warming. CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) are good candidates for CO2 reduction ...because of their excellent photoelectric properties, including high molar extinction coefficient, low exciton binding energy, and defect tolerance. However, the pristine CsPbBr3 QDs generally have low photocatalytic performance mainly due to dominant charge recombination and lack of efficient catalytic sites for CO2 adsorption/activation. Herein, we report a new photocatalytic system, in which CsPbBr3 QDs are coupled with covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction. In this hybrid photocatalytic system, the robust triazine rings and periodical pore structures of CTFs promote the charge separation in CsPbBr3 and endow them with strong CO2 adsorption/activation capacity. The resulting photocatalytic system exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity towards CO2 reduction. This work presents a new photocatalytic system based on CTFs and perovskite QDs for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction, which highlights the potential of perovskite‐based photocatalysts for solar fuel applications.
Quantum of Frameworks: Immobilizing CsPbBr3 QDs onto a covalent triazine framework (CTF‐1) provides a promising approach to visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction. The CsPbBr3 QDs enable CTF‐1 an enhanced visible‐light absorption, and the CTF‐1 promotes the charge separation in CsPbBr3 QDs. The hybrid photocatalyst exhibits a high CO evolution rate. This work presents a new strategy for exploring new types of photocatalysts based on perovskite systems
Motivated by the concept of energy-optimized air/space vehicles, the design of more-electric and all-electric vehicles has become increasingly popular. With the advance of micro-electro-mechanical ...systems, on-board electronic/electrical devices become more integrated and miniaturized. It means that these highly-advanced devices should rely on a high heat-flux dissipation method to maintain an effective and safe operation. Spray cooling, universally recognized as the next-generation cooling scheme, has been extensively utilized in the thermal protection of the ground-based electric/electronic equipment. In contrast, the aerospace-oriented spray cooling (AOSC) application is extremely rare. It can be attributed to the fact that the research into the space/air-oriented spray cooling technologies is still in its infancy, which leads to a lack in the knowledge of alternations of flow patterns and heat transfer behaviors caused by the complicated space or high-altitude space. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the up-to-date published articles on AOSC and divides these published articles into four categories: 1) investigation into the effect of gravity on the cooling performance; 2) investigation into the effect of environmental pressure on the cooling performance; 3) study of the effect of acceleration and vibration on the cooling performance; 4) investigation of the aerospace spray cooling system. Additionally, comments, perspectives, and orientations are provided, in which several promising contributions are highlighted. This paper aims to promote the practical application of the AOSC system which could facilitate the development of the energy-optimized green air/space vehicle.
•A review of aerospace-oriented spray cooling technology is performed.•Gravity plays a significant role in the flow pattern and heat & mass transfer.•A heat transfer enhancement can be gained by flash Boiling/evaporation.•Gravity-immune spray cooling systems promote its practical aerospace application.•Affordable ground-based research method for aerospace application is imperative.
Abstract
Half of the JWST high-contrast imaging objects will only have photometric data as of Cycle 2. However, to better understand their atmospheric chemistry that informs formation origin, ...spectroscopic data are preferred. Using HIP 65426 b, we investigate to what extent planet properties and atmospheric chemical abundance can be retrieved with only JWST photometric data points (2.5–15.5
μ
m) in conjunction with ground-based archival low-resolution spectral data (1.0–2.3
μ
m). We find that the data is consistent with an atmosphere with solar metallicity and C/O ratios at 0.40 and 0.55. We rule out 10× solar metallicity and an atmosphere with C/O = 1.0. We also find strong evidence of silicate clouds but no sign of an enshrouding featureless dust extinction. This work offers guidance and cautionary tales on analyzing data in the absence of medium-to-high-resolution spectral data.
Metal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets are a new type of two‐dimensional (2D) materials with unique design principles and various synthesis methods. They are ...considered ideal electrochemical devices due to the ultrathin thickness, easily tunable molecular structure, large porosity and other unique properties. There are two common methods to synthesize 2D MOF/COF nanosheets: bottom‐up and top‐down. The top‐down strategy mainly includes ultrasonic assisted exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation and mechanical exfoliation. Another strategy mainly includes interface synthesis, modulation synthesis, surfactant‐assisted synthesis. In this Review, the development of ultrathin 2D nanosheets in the field of electrochemistry (supercapacitors, batteries, oxygen reduction, and hydrogen evolution) is introduced, and their unique dimensional advantages are highlighted.
Materials for electrochemistry: Metal–organic framework and covalent organic framework nanosheets represent one promising kind of power materials for electrochemical. Synthesis strategies, tailored material properties and different electrochemical performances are prominent features of supercapacitors, batteries, OER and HER. Metal–organic framework and covalent organic framework nanosheets comprehensively summarized and evaluations are given in this Review.
Reversible post-translational modifications represent a mechanism to control tumor metabolism. Here we show that mitochondrial Sirtuin5 (SIRT5), which mediates lysine desuccinylation, ...deglutarylation, and demalonylation, plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) glutamine metabolic rewiring. Metabolic profiling identifies that deletion of SIRT5 causes a marked decrease in
C-glutamine incorporation into tricarboxylic-acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and glutamine-derived non-essential amino acids. This reduces the building blocks required for rapid growth. Mechanistically, the direct interaction between SIRT5 and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) causes deglutarylation and functional activation of GLUD1, a critical regulator of cellular glutaminolysis. Consistently, GLUD1 knockdown diminishes SIRT5-induced proliferation, both in vivo and in vitro. Clinically, overexpression of SIRT5 is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in CRC. Thus, SIRT5 supports the anaplerotic entry of glutamine into the TCA cycle in malignant phenotypes of CRC via activating GLUD1.
Transcytosis of polymeric IgA and IgM from the basolateral surface to the apical side of the epithelium and subsequent secretion into mucosal fluids are mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin ...receptor (pIgR). Secreted IgA and IgM have vital roles in mucosal immunity in response to pathogenic infections. Binding and recognition of polymeric IgA and IgM by pIgR require the joining chain (J chain), a small protein essential in the formation and stabilization of polymeric Ig structures. Recent studies have identified marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) as a novel regulator of polymeric IgA and IgM formation. MZB1 might facilitate IgA and IgM transcytosis by promoting the binding of J chain to Ig. In this review, we discuss the roles of pIgR in transcytosis of IgA and IgM, the roles of J chain in the formation of polymeric IgA and IgM and recognition by pIgR, and focus particularly on recent progress in understanding the roles of MZB1, a molecular chaperone protein.
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