Topological magnetic structures such as domain walls, vortices, and skyrmions have recently received considerable attention because of their potential application in advanced functional devices. ...Tuning the magnetic order of the topological structures can result in emergent functionalities and thus lead to novel application concepts. Strain engineering is one promising approach with which to control magnetic order via magneto-elastic coupling in ferromagnets. By introducing lattice deformation, mechanical strain not only can trigger the magnetic phase transition but also can be used to manipulate topological magnetic orders in ferromagnets. The present review is based on magneto-elastic coupling as the coherent basis of the mechanical control of different topological magnetic orders. Following a description of magneto-elastic coupling, we review recent progress in the mechanical control of the magnetic phase transition and topological structures, including magnetic domain walls, vortices, and skyrmions. The review concludes by briefly addressing the future research directions in the field.
Replacement of CC unit with its isoelectronic BN unit in aromatics provides a new class of molecules with appealing properties, which have attracted great attention recently. In this Concept, we ...focus on BN‐substituted polycyclic aromatics with fused structures, and review their synthesis, photophysical, and redox properties, as well as their applications in organic electronics. We also present challenging synthetic targets, large BN‐ substituted polycyclic aromatics, such as regioregular BN heterosuperbenzenes, which can be viewed as BN‐doped nanographenes. Finally, we propose an atomically precise bottom‐up synthesis of structurally well‐defined BN‐doped graphenes.
A new super hero! BN substitution in aromatic systems could provide a new family of interesting compounds. In this Concept, the development of BN‐substituted polycyclic aromatics is reported, and their synthesis, properties and electronic applications are summarized. From monocyclic BN‐substituted benzene to polycyclic BN heteroaromatics (like BN heterosuperbenzene), the possible ways to structurally well‐defined BN‐doped graphenes are proposed.
Although it is known that the expression and activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) significantly decrease in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy, the role of interaction between SIRT1 and sestrin 2 ...(SESN2) is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether SESN2 could be a crucial target of SIRT1 and the effect of their regulatory interaction and mechanism on DOX-induced cardiac injury. Here, using DOX-treated cardiomyocytes and cardiac-specific Sirt1 knockout mice models, we found SIRT1 deficiency aggravated DOX-induced cardiac structural abnormalities and dysfunction, whereas the activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol (RES) treatment or SIRT1 overexpression possessed cardiac protective effects. Further studies indicated that SIRT1 exerted these beneficial effects by markedly attenuating DOX-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in a SESN2-dependent manner. Knockdown of Sesn2 impaired RES/SIRT1-mediated protective effects, while upregulation of SESN2 efficiently rescued DOX-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. Most importantly, SIRT1 activation could reduce DOX-induced SESN2 ubiquitination possibly through reducing the interaction of SESN2 with mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). The recovery of SESN2 stability in DOX-impaired primary cardiomyocytes by SIRT1 was confirmed by Mdm2-siRNA transfection. Taken together, our findings indicate that disrupting the interaction between SESN2 and MDM2 by SIRT1 to reduce the ubiquitination of SESN2 is a novel regulatory mechanism for protecting hearts from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and suggest that the activation of SIRT1-SESN2 axis has potential as a therapeutic approach to prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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•DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is based on decreased SIRT1 and SESN2 levels.•SIRT1 activation improves DOX-induced cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis.•The benefits of SIRT1 in DOX-impaired cardiac function require the activation of SESN2.•SIRT1 reduces ubiquitination and degradation of SESN2 via MDM2.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, short-term and long-term cardiotoxicity limits the clinical application of DOX. ...Currently, dexrazoxane is the only approved treatment by the United States Food and Drug Administration to prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. However, a recent study found that pre-treatment with dexrazoxane could not fully improve myocardial toxicity of DOX. Therefore, further targeted cardioprotective prophylaxis and treatment strategies are an urgent requirement for cancer patients receiving DOX treatment to reduce the occurrence of cardiotoxicity. Accumulating evidence manifested that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) could play a crucially protective role in heart diseases. Recently, numerous studies have concentrated on the role of SIRT1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which might be related to the activity and deacetylation of SIRT1 downstream targets. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the recent advances related to the protective effects, mechanisms, and deficiencies in clinical application of SIRT1 in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Also, the pharmaceutical preparations that activate SIRT1 and affect DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have been listed in this review.
This study aimed to compare the shot characteristics amongst different match periods in table tennis matches. For the shot characteristics of position, type, placement and efficacy, 13 men’s singles ...matches comprising 72 sets from a round of 16 to the final in the 2019 World Table Tennis Championships were selected for notational analysis. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were conducted to quantify the differences in various categories of each variable amongst the initial, intermediate and ending match periods. There are no significant differences in each distribution between initial and intermediate periods. From intermediate to ending periods, significant decreases were found in chop type (
p
< 0.01) and middle long placement (
p
< 0.01), whereas a significant increase was found in backhand half placement (
p
< 0.05). By comparing the initial and ending periods, significant decreases were found in middle backhand turn position (
p
< 0.05), middle long placement (
p
< 0.01), chop (
p
< 0.01), and poor shots (
p
< 0.05). Therefore, shot characteristics in table tennis matches are match period related, and the main differences existed between the beginning and the ending period. From initial to ending period, the frequency of applying the middle long placements is decreasing. At the end of every set, the players adopted a safe stroke position, performed offensive stroke types and deployed flexible stroke placement. Results suggested that coaches can establish different scenarios on the basis of varying match periods for players’ training.
Solid‐state materials with efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emissions have found widespread applications in materials science, while liquid or solution‐phase pure organic RTP emission ...systems has been rarely reported, because of the nonradiative decay and quenchers from the liquid medium. Reported here is the first example of visible‐light‐excited pure organic RTP in aqueous solution by using a supramolecular host‐guest assembly strategy. The unique cucurbit8uril‐mediated quaternary stacking structure allows tunable photoluminescence and visible‐light excitation, enabling the fabrication of multicolor hydrogels and cell imaging. The present assembly‐induced emission approach, as a proof of concept, contributes to the construction of novel metal‐free RTP systems with tunable photoluminescence in aqueous solution, providing broad opportunities for further applications in biological imaging, detection, optical sensors, and so forth.
True colors: An assembly‐induced emission strategy was utilized to endow a simple dye molecule with room‐temperature phosphorescence and tunable photoluminescence in aqueous solution. The obtained supramolecular assembly structure has intriguing photophysical properties and enables the fabrication of multicolor hydrogels and cell imaging.
Plastic mulching is suspected to be a significant source of microplastics in terrestrial environments owing to its intensive application and improper disposal. However, there has been a comparative ...lack of studies examining this hypothesis. In this study, the occurrence of macroplastics in agricultural soils was investigated by analysing 384 soil samples collected from 19 provinces across China. Additionally, the abundance of microplastics was investigated in potential hotspots that have carried out plastic mulching for over 30 years. Macroplastic concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 0.1 to 324.5 kg/ha, with an average of 83.6 kg/ha; the concentrations were higher in western China than in eastern China. A highly significant linear correlation (R2 = 0.61) was found between the consumption of mulching film and the plastic residue in soils, indicating plastic film mulching may be a major source of macroplastics. The abundances of microplastic particles increased over time in the locations where plastic mulching was continuously employed, with concentrations of 80.3 ± 49.3, 308 ± 138.1, and 1075.6 ± 346.8 pieces/kg soil in fields with 5, 15, and 24 y of continuous mulching, respectively. Fourier transform infrared analyses revealed that the composition of the microplastics matched that of the mulching films, suggesting the microplastic particles originated from the mulching films. These findings confirm that plastic mulching is an important source of macroplastic and microplastic contamination in terrestrial environments. Further studies to investigate the microplastic hazards in soils are thus necessary.
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•Macroplastics in 384 soil samples from 19 provinces across China were investigated.•Macroplastics concentrations are greater in western China than in eastern China.•Significant correlation was observed between mulching mass and plastic residues.•The abundances of microplastics increased with continuous plastic mulching.•Plastic mulching was the direct source of macro/micro plastics in soils.
Plastic mulching contributes significantly to microplastics and macroplastics in agricultural soils.
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