As regular inspection for the bolt connection in inaccessible areas is difficult and costly, computer vision technology provides a suitable noncontact approach for real-time bolt looseness detection ...as an alternative to inspection approaches. However, computer vision still suffers from various impracticalities. In this paper, a new vision-based bolt looseness detection method is designed and implemented with the bolt images acquired by a camera at arbitrary positions around the bolts. The new method includes the perspective transformation of original images acquired, identification of bolt positioning with the convolutional neural network digit recognition, detection of bolt rotation angles using Hough transform line detection, and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method, an experiment with bolted connections is setup. The experimental results demonstrate that the new method can accurately detect the looseness of the bolts in the bolted connection.
Accumulating evidence supports a role for exosomal protein in diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to identify the tumor‐derived exosomal biomarkers in the serum that improve the diagnostic value ...in Chinese non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Serum exosomes were isolated from healthy donors (n = 46) and NSCLC patients (n = 125) by ultracentrifugation and were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, qNano, and immunoblotting. Proteomic profiles (by mass spectrometry) revealed multiple differentially expressed proteins in the healthy and NSCLC groups. The exosomal expression levels of alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein (AHSG) and extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) increased significantly in the NSCLC patients compared to the healthy group. Alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein showed diagnostic values with a maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as 0.736 for NSCLC vs healthy individuals (P < .0001) and 0.682 for early stage NSCLC vs healthy individuals (P < .01). Extracellular matrix protein 1 showed the diagnostic capacity with AUC values of 0.683 (P < .001) and 0.656 (P < .05) in cancer and early stage NSCLC compared to healthy individuals. When AHSG was combined with ECM1, the AUCs were 0.795 and 0.739 in NSCLC and early stage patients, respectively. Taken together, the combination of AHSG, ECM1, and carcinoembryonic antigen improved the diagnostic potential of NSCLC. The diagnosis values were AUC of 0.938 for NSCLC and 0.911 for early stage NSCLC vs healthy individuals. Our results suggest that novel proteomic signatures found in serum exosomes of NSCLC patients show potential usefulness as diagnostic tools.
The combination of alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein, extracellular matrix protein 1, and carcinoembryonic antigen improved the diagnostic potential of non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The diagnostic values were areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.938 for NSCLC and 0.911 for early stage NSCLC vs healthy individuals.
Reversible thermochromic microencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage.
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•Reversible thermochromic microencapsulated phase change materials (TC-MPCMs) were ...designed and fabricated successfully.•The thermochromic function provided a visual evidence of energy storage or release performance in real time.•TC-MPCMs expressed higher than 99% thermal storage capability and excellent cyclic durability performance.•TC-MPCMs showed great potential applications in thermal protective clothing and other thermal regulation fields.
In this study, a series of reversible thermochromic microencapsulated phase change materials (TC-MPCMs), exhibiting excellent latent heat storage-release performance, were designed and fabricated successfully. The characterization and microstructure regulation of TC-MPCMs were conducted systematically as well. The core of TC-MPCMs was comprised of crystal violet lactone employed as thermochromic colorant, bisphenol A employed as developer and 1-tetradecanol employed as co-solvent, respectively. These influencing factors of encapsulation process such as the amount of emulsifier, stirring rate, feeding weight of core/shell ratio, acid resistance and thermal cyclic durability were carried out to clarify the effect of various experimental conditions. The surface morphology, shell thickness and core–shell structure of TC-MPCMs were characterized via optical microscope (OM), thermal field emission scanning electronic microscope (TFE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. From different scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, the performance of temperature of fusion and crystallization and enthalpy of TC-MPCMs under various conditions were measured as well. The results of thermogravimetric (TG) analysis illustrated the influence on thermal stability of TC-MPCMs. In addition, Lab color space obtained by colorimeter is certainly intuitive to observe the colorimetric characteristics of TC-MPCMs as well. More importantly, the reversible thermochromic property associated with phase state of the 1-tetradecanol could also provide a visual evidence of energy storage or release performance of the TC-MPCMs. Furthermore, The TC-MPCMs exhibited excellent stability even after 100th thermal cycling test without any obvious performance degradation, including the morphology, phase change properties and thermal stability. In the end, the fire fighter protective clothing containing TC-MPCMs was designed and fabricated, which could provide adequate thermal protection in the various fire environments. Thus, TC-MPCMs developed in this work showed great potential applications in thermal protective clothing and other thermal regulation fields.
Among the key components of a smart grid, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has become the preferred target for network intrusion due to its bidirectional communication and Internet connection. ...Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) can monitor abnormal information in the AMI network, so they are an important means by which to solve network intrusion. However, the existing methods exhibit a poor ability to detect intrusions in AMI, because they cannot comprehensively consider the temporal and global characteristics of intrusion information. To solve these problems, an AMI intrusion detection model based on the cross-layer feature fusion of a convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks is proposed in the present work. The model is composed of CNN and LSTM components connected in the form of a cross-layer; the CNN component recognizes regional features to obtain global features, while the LSTM component obtain periodic features by memory function. The two types of features are aggregated to obtain comprehensive features with multi-domain characteristics, which can more accurately identify intrusion information in AMI. Experiments based on the KDD Cup 99 and NSL-KDD datasets demonstrate that the proposed cross-layer feature-fusion CNN-LSTM model is superior to other existing methods.
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•Porous carbons (PCs) with customizable small mesopore were synthesized from coal tar pitch.•The mesopore development of PCs depends on the content of light components in ...precursor.•The contribution of small mesopores to the performance of supercapacitors is discussed.•The supercapacitor delivers a superior energy density of 0.15 mW h cm−2.
The advancement of modern carbon-based supercapacitor depends strongly on the porous carbons (PCs) with tailoring pore configuration. To achieve the trade-off between power density and energy density, enriching small mesopore in PCs is an important but challenging research subject. Herein, the PCs with customizable small mesopores were fabricated from cheap coal tar pitch (CTP) by adjusting their content of light component (i.e. toluene soluble CTP, TS). The share of small mesopore in total pore structure of PCs (V2–4 nm/Vtotal) progressively increases with the lifting TS content of precursor. Consequently, the specific surface area and pore volume of PCs increase first and then decrease as the TS content increases. Simultaneously, the influence of small mesopore on the capacitance performances of supercapacitors was reflected in their capacitance, rate capability, cycle stability and self-discharge performance. The supercapacitor assembled by the PC with a V2–4 nm/Vtotal of ~31.3% delivers a superior energy density of 0.15 mW h cm−2 at a power density of 5.40 mW cm−2. Therefore, the small mesopore engineering in carbon materials derived from inexpensive precursors broadens the avenue to further improve the areal capacitive performance of supercapacitors by a facile up-scalable approach.
Several of the thousands of human long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been functionally characterized, yet their potential involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood.
...LncRNA-HOXD-AS1 was identified by microarray and validated by real-time PCR. The clinicopathological significance of HOXD-AS1 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was conducted to examine the mechanism of HOXD-AS1 upregulation. The role of HOXD-AS1 in HCC cells was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. ceRNA function of HOXD-AS1 was evaluated by RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin-coupled miRNA pull down assays.
In this study, we found that HOXD-AS1 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues. Clinical investigation demonstrated high expression level of HOXD-AS1 was associated with poor prognosis and high tumor node metastasis stage of HCC patients, and was an independent risk factor for survival. Moreover, our results revealed that STAT3 could specifically interact with the promoter of HOXD-AS1 and activate HOXD-AS1 transcription. Knockdown of HOXD-AS1 significantly inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and distant lung metastasis in vivo. Additionally, HOXD-AS1 was enriched in the cytoplasm, and shared miRNA response elements with SOX4. Overexpression of HOXD-AS1 competitively bound to miR-130a-3p that prevented SOX4 from miRNA-mediated degradation, thus activated the expression of EZH2 and MMP2 and facilitated HCC metastasis.
In summary, HOXD-AS1 is a prognostic marker for HCC patients and it may play a pro-metastatic role in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Objective
To investigate whether machine learning-based analysis of MR radiomics can help improve the performance PI-RADS v2 in clinically relevant prostate cancer (PCa).
Methods
This IRB-approved ...study included 54 patients with PCa undergoing multi-parametric (mp) MRI before prostatectomy. Imaging analysis was performed on 54 tumours, 47 normal peripheral (PZ) and 48 normal transitional (TZ) zone based on histological-radiological correlation. Mp-MRI was scored via PI-RADS, and quantified by measuring radiomic features. Predictive model was developed using a novel support vector machine trained with: (i) radiomics, (ii) PI-RADS scores, (iii) radiomics and PI-RADS scores. Paired comparison was made via ROC analysis.
Results
For PCa versus normal TZ, the model trained with radiomics had a significantly higher area under the ROC curve (Az) (0.955 95% CI 0.923–0.976) than PI-RADS (Az: 0.878 0.834–0.914, p < 0.001). The Az between them was insignificant for PCa versus PZ (0.972 0.945–0.988 vs. 0.940 0.905–0.965, p = 0.097). When radiomics was added, performance of PI-RADS was significantly improved for PCa versus PZ (Az: 0.983 0.960–0.995) and PCa versus TZ (Az: 0.968 0.940–0.985).
Conclusion
Machine learning analysis of MR radiomics can help improve the performance of PI-RADS in clinically relevant PCa.
Key Points
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Machine
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based analysis of MR radiomics outperformed in TZ cancer against PI
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RADS
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Adding MR radiomics significantly improved the performance of PI
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RADS
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DKI
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derived Dapp and Kapp were two strong markers for the diagnosis of PCa
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•Multiple linear regression analysis is conducted to explore why electric vehicle market share are different among countries.•Non-fiscal policies are taken into consideration in the regression ...model.•Chargers` density, fuel price and road priority are significantly positive to electric vehicle market share.•Fiscal incentives cannot induce huge differences of electric vehicle promotion over countries any longer.
Environmental issues and energy security have led governments to introduce lots of incentive policies on electric vehicle promotion. Benefiting from policy dividend, the global threshold of 1 million electric cars on the road had been exceeded in 2015, closing at 1.26 million. Among these incentive policies, subsidy scheme was regarded as the most important and effective. However, many governments intend to abrogate subsidy for electric vehicle, such as China, America and Germany. It`s worth finding out the key factors including incentive measures and additional socio-economic factors that promote electric vehicle adoption. Utilizing multiple linear regression method, we explore the relationship between those variables and 30 national electric vehicle market shares for the year 2015. The results show that chargers` density, fuel price and road priority are significantly positive factors correlated with a country`s electric vehicle market share. Nevertheless, fiscal incentives are no longer the reasons for the huge differences of electric vehicle promotion over countries. This paper is helpful for policymakers to adjust and improve their policy for electric mobility.
The problem of joint downlink cell association (CA) and wireless backhaul bandwidth allocation (WBBA) in two-tier cellular heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is investigated. Large-scale antenna array ...is implemented at the macro base station (BS), while the small cells within the macro cell range are single-antenna BSs and they rely on over-the-air links to the macro BS for backhauling. A sum logarithmic user rate maximization problem is studied under the wireless backhaul constraints. Duplex and spectrum sharing with co-channel reverse time-division duplex (TDD) and dynamic soft frequency reuse is considered for interference management in the two-tier HetNet employing large-scale antenna arrays at the macro BS and wireless backhauling for small cells. Two in-band WBBA scenarios, namely, unified bandwidth allocation and per-small-cell bandwidth allocation, are investigated for joint CA-WBBA in the HetNet. A two-level hierarchical decomposition method for relaxed optimization is employed to solve the mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP). Solutions based on the General Algorithm Modeling System (GAMS) optimization solver and fast heuristics are also proposed for cell association in the per-small-cell WBBA scenario. It is shown that when all small cells have to use in-band wireless backhaul, the system load has more impact on both the sum logarithmic rate and per-user rate performance than the number of small cells deployed within the macro cell range. The proposed joint CA-WBBA algorithms have an optimal load approximately equal to the size of the large-scale antenna array at the macro BS. The cell range expansion (CRE) strategy, which is an efficient cell association scheme for HetNets with ideal backhauling, is shown to be inefficient when in-band wireless backhauling for small cells comes into play.
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