To explore the level and influencing factors of frontline nurses' post-traumatic growth (PTG) during COVID-19 epidemic.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in February 2020 in three hospitals in ...China. The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was used to investigate the PTG of frontline nurses. Data on related factors, including demographic characteristics and subjective variables, were collected. The Event-Related Rumination Inventory was used to assess rumination. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation was calculated for bivariate analysis. Independent sample t-tests or one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the related factors.
A total of 179 frontline nurses were recruited, and 167 were included in the analyses. The mean PTG score was 70.53±17.26. The bivariate analyses showed that deliberate rumination was modestly positively correlated with PTG (r=0.557, p<0.01), while intrusive rumination had a modest negative correlation with PTG (r=-0.413, p<0.01). Multiple linear regression demonstrated that working years, self-confidence in frontline work, awareness of risk, psychological intervention or training during the epidemic and deliberate rumination were the main influencing factors of PTG among frontline nurses and accounted for 42.5% of the variance (F=31.626, p<0.001).
The PTG of frontline nurses was at a medium to high level and was influenced by working years, self-confidence in frontline work, awareness of risk, psychological intervention or training and deliberate rumination. It is necessary to strengthen psychological guidance and training for frontline nurses and promote their deliberate rumination on epidemic events to improve their PTG.
Abstract
While general relativity predicts only two tensor modes for gravitational-wave (GW) polarization, general metric theories of gravity allow for up to four additional modes, including two ...vector and two scalar modes. Observing the polarization modes of GWs could provide a direct test of the modified gravity. The stochastic GW background (SGWB), which can be detected by space-based laser-interferometric detectors at design sensitivity, will provide an opportunity to directly measure alternative polarization. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the LISA-TianQin network for detecting alternative polarizations of stochastic backgrounds, and propose a method to separate different polarization modes. First, we generalize the small antenna approximation to compute the overlap reduction functions for the SGWB with arbitrary polarization, which is suitable for any time-delay interferometry combination. Then we analyze the detection capability of LISA-TianQin for the SGWB with different polarizations. Based on the orbital characteristics of LISA-TianQin, we propose a method to distinguish different polarization modes from their mixed data. Finally, simulation tests are performed to verify the effectiveness of the method. The results of the simulations demonstrate that LISA-TianQin, when employing our proposed method, has the ability to differentiate between various polarization modes, with a specific emphasis on the ability to distinguish between the breathing and longitudinal modes.
•First detailed review on microbial characteristics of anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste in different conditions.•Discussed microorganism as indicator at stable and failure AD process.•Seeking ...efficient succession rules of the dominant microorganisms in different stage is needed.
Food waste (FW) is rich in starch, fat, protein and cellulose. It is easy to decay and brings environmental pollution and other social problems. FW shows a high potential to produce methane by anaerobic digestion (AD) due to its high organic content. However, many inhibitors, such as accumulation of ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), usually result in inefficient performances and even process failure. Microorganisms play an important role in the process of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. This review provided a critical summary of microbial characteristics to obtain connects of microbial community structure with operational conditions at various states of AD, such as mesophilic and thermophilic, wet and dry, success and failure, pretreated or not, lab-scale and full-scale. This article emphasizes that it is necessary to analyze changes and mechanisms of microbial communities in unbalanced system and seek efficiency dynamic succession rules of the dominant microorganisms.
The role of focal amplifications and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is unknown in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Here, we identify frequent focal amplifications and ecDNAs in Chinese GCA patient ...samples, and find focal amplifications in the GCA cohort are associated with the chromothripsis process and may be induced by accumulated DNA damage due to local dietary habits. We observe diverse correlations between the presence of oncogene focal amplifications and prognosis, where ERBB2 focal amplifications positively correlate with prognosis and EGFR focal amplifications negatively correlate with prognosis. Large-scale ERBB2 immunohistochemistry results from 1668 GCA patients show survival probability of ERBB2 positive patients is lower than that of ERBB2 negative patients when their surviving time is under 2 years, however, the tendency is opposite when their surviving time is longer than 2 years. Our observations indicate that the ERBB2 focal amplifications may represent a good prognostic marker in GCA patients.
Normal hematopoiesis requires the accurate orchestration of lineage-specific patterns of gene expression at each stage of development, and epigenetic regulators play a vital role. Disordered ...epigenetic regulation has emerged as a key mechanism contributing to hematological malignancies. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a series of key transcriptional cofactors that regulate gene expression by deacetylation of lysine residues on histone and nonhistone proteins. In normal hematopoiesis, HDACs are widely involved in the development of various lineages. Their functions involve stemness maintenance, lineage commitment determination, cell differentiation and proliferation, etc. Deregulation of HDACs by abnormal expression or activity and oncogenic HDAC-containing transcriptional complexes are involved in hematological malignancies. Currently, HDAC family members are attractive targets for drug design, and a variety of HDAC-based combination strategies have been developed for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Drug resistance and limited therapeutic efficacy are key issues that hinder the clinical applications of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how HDACs and HDAC-containing complexes function in normal hematopoiesis and highlight the etiology of HDACs in hematological malignancies. Moreover, the implication and drug resistance of HDACis are also discussed. This review presents an overview of the physiology and pathology of HDACs in the blood system.
Efforts to tune the performance of organic/inorganic composites are hindered owing to a lack of knowledge related to the interfacial interaction mechanisms. Here we investigated the interfacial ...structure, dynamics, energetics and mechanical properties between calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) and polymers by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In this work, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) are intercalated into nanometer channel of C-S-H sheets to construct the model of polymer/C-S-H composite. In the interfacial region, the calcium ions near the surface of C-S-H play mediating role in bridging the functional groups in the polymers and oxygen in the silicate chains by forming Os-Ca-Op bond. In addition to ionic bonding, the bridging oxygen (C-O-C) in the PEG, hydroxyl (C-OH) in the PVA and carboxyl groups (-COOH) in the PAA provide plenty oxygen sites to form H-bonds with silicate hydroxyl, interlayer water and calcium hydroxyl in C-S-H substrate. The interfacial binding energy is dependent on polarity of functional groups in the polymers, the stability of the H-bond and Ca-O bond, ranking in the following order: E(PAA)> E(PVA) > E(PEG). The PVA with small number of H-bonds formed between oxygen in PVA and water molecules, resulting in increasing the mobility of confined water in the interlayer region. On the other hand, PAA and PVA, with strong polarity, can provide more number of non-bridging oxygen sites that widely distributed along the polymer chains to associate with more calcium ions and H-bonds. Furthermore, uniaxial tensile test is utilized to study the mechanical behavior of the composites. The incorporation of polymers, strengthening the H-bonds in the interfacial region and healing the defective silicate chains, can inhibit the crack growth during the loading process, which both enhance the cohesive strength and ductility of the C-S-H gel. In particular, the intercalated PAA increases the Young's modulus, tensile strength and fracture strain of C-S-H gel to 22.27%, 19.2% and 66.7%, respectively. The toughening mechanism in this organic/inorganic system can provide useful guidelines for polymer selection, design, and fabrication of C-S-H/polymer nanocomposites, and help eliminate the brittleness of cement-based materials from the genetic level.
Display omitted
Display omitted
•Adsorption of Pb and Cd nearly approached equilibrium in the initial 2 min.•More negative hydration enthalpy (ΔHhydΘ) and larger ionic radius of Cd led to its inferior removal ...performance.•BDM electrical double layer model can illustrate adsorption mechanism.•Fixed-bed adsorption experiments showed effective filtration volume of 980 mL for Pb and 300 mL for Cd.
This study examined the effects of two kinds of iron-trimesic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) MIL-100(Fe) and Fe-BTC on adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II). For both materials, adsorption of Pb and Cd nearly approached equilibriums in the initial 2 min with high pseudo-second-order kinetics rate constants (0.895 g·mg−1·min−1 for Pb and 1.416 g·mg−1·min−1 for Cd). Both materials showed better adsorption performance with the increase of solution pH (from 2 to 7). Adsorption processes were endothermic, entropy-increased and spontaneous. The higher enthalpy change (ΔH0) and entropy change (ΔS0) values for Cd adsorption reflected the more difficult adsorption of Cd compared with Pb, which is related with more negative hydration enthalpy (ΔHhydΘ) and larger ionic radius of Cd. Multilayer adsorption phenomena appeared with no maximum adsorptive capacity observed. Both Langmuir-Freundlich and Freundlich-BET models could well describe isotherms. Multilayer adsorption may be attributed to the formation of inner-sphere complexation and outer-sphere complexation. Bockris-Devanathan-Muller (BDM) electrical double layer theory was used for illustrating adsorption mechanism. The fixed-bed adsorption experiments with Fe-BTC showed outstanding elimination performance in initial operating period (>99.8% for Pb and >99.6% for Cd), with effective filtration volume of 980 mL for Pb and 300 mL for Cd. Recyclability test showed that Fe-BTC could be well regenerated by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na). This study showed that MIL-100(Fe) and Fe-BTC are potential for practical heavy metal removal applications.
This study addresses the set stability of Boolean networks (BNs) and set stabilization of Boolean control networks (BCNs). Set stability determines whether a BN converges to a given subset, whereas ...set stabilizability addresses the issue of whether a BCN can be stabilized to a given subset. Many problems can be viewed as special cases of set stability and set stabilization, including synchronization, partial stability, and partial stabilization problems. The concepts of invariant subset and control invariant subset are introduced. Then, algorithms for the largest invariant subset and the largest control invariant subset contained in a given subset are proposed. Based on the invariant subsets obtained, the necessary and sufficient conditions for set stability and set stabilizability are established, and formulae are provided to calculate the shortest transient periods for respective initial states. A design procedure is proposed for finding all the time-optimal set stabilizers. Finally, an example is used to show the application of the proposed results to the synchronization problem of BNs.
The interplay between the host and host-associated gut microbiota is an area of increasing interest during the recent decade. From young infants to elderly people, from primitive tribes to modern ...societies, accumulating evidence has suggested the association of critical physiological roles of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of a variety of human metabolic, immunological and neurological diseases. Importantly, it appears that the relationship between the gut microbiota and disease is bidirectional, instead of causal or consequential. Personalized nutritional and therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota such as prebiotics, probiotics, drugs and fecal microbiota transplantation may create a new era in the human health.
Competing geodynamic models, such as rigid-block extrusion, continuous deformation, and the mid-lower crustal flow, have been proposed to describe the growth and expansion of eastern Tibet. However, ...the dynamic processes responsible for plateau evolution and deformation remain poorly understood partly due to resolution limitations of previous models of lithospheric structure. On the basis of joint inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion and receiver functions using data from a newly deployed seismic array, we have obtained a high-resolution 3D image that reveals the distribution of low-velocity zones (LVZs) with unprecedented clarity. The prominent feature of our model is two low-velocity channels that bound major strike-slip faults in SE Tibet and wrap around the Eastern Himalaya Syntaxis, consistent with the clockwise movement of crustal material in this region. Most large earthquakes in this region occurred in the boundaries of the LVZs. We propose that ductile flow within these channels, in addition to shear motion along strike-slip faults, played a significant role in accommodating intensive lithospheric deformation during the eastward expansion of Tibet in the Cenozoic.
•Image two channels of low-velocity zones with unprecedented resolution.•The two channels bound main strike-slip faults of SE Tibet.•The two channels wrap around the Eastern Himalaya Syntaxis.•Large earthquakes occurred at the edge of the two channels.•Deformation of SE Tibet is accommodated by both ductile flow and shearing.
PDF
