Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can compete with endogenous RNAs to modulate the gene expression and contribute to oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. lncRNA NKX2‐1‐AS1 (NKX2‐1 antisense RNA 1) plays a ...pivotal role in cancer progression and metastasis; however, the contribution of aberrant expression of NKX2‐1‐AS1 and the mechanism by which it functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. NKX2‐1‐AS1 expression was detected in paired tumor and nontumor tissues of 178 GC patients by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR). Using loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function experiments, the biological functions of NKX2‐1‐AS1 were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Further, to assess that NKX2‐1‐AS1 regulates angiogenic processes, tube formation and co‐culture assays were performed. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, a dual‐luciferase reporter assay, quantitative PCR, Western blot, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were performed to determine the potential molecular mechanism underlying this ceRNA. The results indicated that NKX2‐1‐AS1 expression was upregulated in GC cell lines and tumor tissues. Overexpression of NKX2‐1‐AS1 was significantly associated with tumor progression and enhanced angiogenesis. Functionally, NKX2‐1‐AS1 overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis, while NKX2‐1‐AS1 knockdown restored these effects, both in vitro and in vivo. RIP and dual‐luciferase assays revealed that the microRNA miR‐145‐5p is a direct target of NKX2‐1‐AS1 and that NKX2‐1‐AS1 serves as a ceRNA to sponge miRNA and regulate angiogenesis in GC. Moreover, serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) is an explicit target for miR‐145‐5p; besides, the NKX2‐1‐AS1/miR‐145‐5p axis induces the translation of SERPINE1, thus activating the VEGFR‐2 signaling pathway to promote tumor progression and angiogenesis. NKX2‐1‐AS1 overexpression is associated with enhanced tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and poor prognosis in GC. Collectively, NKX2‐1‐AS1 functions as a ceRNA to miR‐145‐5p and promotes tumor progression and angiogenesis by activating the VEGFR‐2 signaling pathway via SERPINE1.
This study revealed that NKX2‐1‐AS1 might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer (GC). NKX2‐1‐AS1 promotes cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis in GC. Moreover, NKX2‐1‐AS1 directly targets miR‐145‐5p to upregulate SERPINE1 and promote tumor progression and angiogenesis in a VEGFR‐2‐dependent manner.
In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting a primary user in a cognitive radio network by employing multiple antennas at the cognitive receiver. In vehicular applications, cognitive radios ...typically transit regions with differing densities of primary users. Therefore, speed of detection is key, and so, detection based on a small number of samples is particularly advantageous for vehicular applications. Assuming no prior knowledge of the primary user's signaling scheme, the channels between the primary user and the cognitive user, and the variance of the noise seen at the cognitive user, a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is developed to detect the presence/absence of the primary user. Asymptotic performance analysis for the proposed GLRT is also presented. A performance comparison between the proposed GLRT and other existing methods, such as the energy detector (ED) and several eigenvalue-based methods under the condition of unknown or inaccurately known noise variance, is provided. Our results show that the proposed GLRT exhibits better performance than other existing techniques, particularly when the number of samples is small, which is particularly critical in vehicular applications.
Eye tracking (ET) is a viable marker for the recognition of cognitive disorders. We assessed the accuracy and clinical value of ET for the diagnosis of cognitive disorders in patients. We searched ...the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Pubmed databases from inception to March 2, 2021, as well as the reference lists of identified primary studies. We included articles written in English that investigated ET for cognitive disorder patients-Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and dementia. Two independent researchers extracted the data and the characteristics of each study; We calculated pooled sensitivities and specificities. A hierarchical summary of receiver performance characteristics (HSROC) model was used to test the diagnostic accuracy of ET for cognitive impairment (CI). 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative comprehensive analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on 9 trials using Neuropsychological Cognitive Testing (NCT) as the reference standard. The comprehensive sensitivity and specificity of ET for detecting cognitive disorders were 0.75 (95% CI 0.72-0.79) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.76), respectively. The combined positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 2.74 (95%CI 2.32-3.24) and the negative likelihood ratio (LR-) was 0.27 (95%CI 0.18-0.42). This review showed that ET technology could be used to detect the decline in CI, clinical use of ET techniques in combination with other tools to assess CI can be encouraged.
This paper considers moving target detection (MTD) with distributed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radars in non-homogeneous environments, where the received disturbance signal (clutter and noise) ...exhibits non-homogeneity in not only power but also covariance structure from one transmit-receive (TX-RX) antenna pair to another as well as across different test cells. To address this problem, we introduce a parametric approach by employing a set of distinctive auto-regressive (AR) models, one for each TX-RX pair, to model the non-homogeneous disturbance signals. We develop a parametric generalized likelihood ratio test (PGLRT), referred to as the MIMO-PGLRT detector, for MTD in distributed MIMO radars. The MIMO-PGLRT detector, which consists of local adaptive subspace detection, non-coherent combining using local decision variables, and a global threshold comparison, is shown to asymptotically achieve constant false alarm rate (CFAR). We also investigate the target velocity estimation problem, an integral part of MTD, and develop its maximum likelihood estimator. The Cramér-Rao bound, in both the exact and asymptotic forms, respectively, is examined to shed additional light to the problem. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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•A 3D-printed biomimetic superhydrophobic surface with petal-like microstructures is proposed.•Parameters of microstructure array are optimized to achieve high bearing capacity.•Sharp ...edge effect combining with the arc curve effect is responsible for the super repellence property.•Applications of the optimized petal-like microstructured surface are studied.
Recently, bioinspired mushroom or reentrant mushroom microstructures have attracted intersts of researchers for their amazing water superrepellence property. However, basic principles of exquisite microstructures design for improving water repellence are still lacking. This paper reports a novel 3D-printed biomimetic superhydrophobic surface with petal-like microstructures inspired by the droplet pinning effect of nepenthes peristome. Then, parameters such as petal number, petal proportion and spacing distance are studied and optimized to improve water repellence, which is evaluated according to droplet bearing capacity. The results show that when the petal number is 4, the spacing distance is 100 μm, and the petal proportion is 50%, the petal-like structured surface achieves its maximum droplet bearing capacity. Comparing with the common mushroom microstructures, the maximum increase rate in bearing capacity is 58.3% for the optimized petal-like microstructures. Corresponding mechanism analysis attributes such superrepellence property to the sharp edge effect and the arch curve effect. Furthermore, the excellent water repellence enables the petal-like microstructured surface to be used for water droplets manipulation, oil-water separation, and captured-air drag reduction.
In this paper, we consider moving target detection using a distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar on stationary platforms in nonhomogeneous clutter environments. Our study is ...motivated by the fact that the multistatic transmit-receive configuration in a distributed MIMO radar causes nonstationary clutter. Specifically, the clutter power for the same test cell may vary significantly from one transmit-receive pair to another, due to azimuth-selective backscattering of the clutter. To account for these issues, a new nonhomogeneous clutter model, where the clutter resides in a low-rank subspace with different subspace coefficients (and hence different clutter power) for different transmit-receive pair, is introduced and the relation to a general clutter model is discussed. Following the proposed clutter model, we develop a generalized-likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for moving target detection in distributed MIMO radar. The GLRT is shown to be a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector, and the test statistic is a central and noncentral Beta variable under the null and alternative hypotheses, respectively. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed GLRT in comparison with several existing techniques.
Big Data for Social Transportation Zheng, Xinhu; Chen, Wei; Wang, Pu ...
IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems,
03/2016, Letnik:
17, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Big data for social transportation brings us unprecedented opportunities for resolving transportation problems for which traditional approaches are not competent and for building the next-generation ...intelligent transportation systems. Although social data have been applied for transportation analysis, there are still many challenges. First, social data evolve with time and contain abundant information, posing a crucial need for data collection and cleaning. Meanwhile, each type of data has specific advantages and limitations for social transportation, and one data type alone is not capable of describing the overall state of a transportation system. Systematic data fusing approaches or frameworks for combining social signal data with different features, structures, resolutions, and precision are needed. Second, data processing and mining techniques, such as natural language processing and analysis of streaming data, require further revolutions in effective utilization of real-time traffic information. Third, social data are connected to cyber and physical spaces. To address practical problems in social transportation, a suite of schemes are demanded for realizing big data in social transportation systems, such as crowdsourcing, visual analysis, and task-based services. In this paper, we overview data sources, analytical approaches, and application systems for social transportation, and we also suggest a few future research directions for this new social transportation field.
Photothermal Fischer-Tropsch synthesis represents a promising strategy for converting carbon monoxide into value-added chemicals. High pressures (2-5 MPa) are typically required for efficient C-C ...coupling reactions and the production of C
liquid fuels. Herein, we report a ruthenium-cobalt single atom alloy (Ru
Co-SAA) catalyst derived from a layered-double-hydroxide nanosheet precursor. Under UV-Vis irradiation (1.80 W cm
), Ru
Co-SAA heats to 200 °C and photo-hydrogenates CO to C
liquid fuels at ambient pressures (0.1-0.5 MPa). Single atom Ru sites dramatically enhance the dissociative adsorption of CO, whilst promoting C-C coupling reactions and suppressing over-hydrogenation of CH
* intermediates, resulting in a CO photo-hydrogenation turnover frequency of 0.114 s
with 75.8% C
selectivity. Owing to the local Ru-Co coordination, highly unsaturated intermediates are generated during C-C coupling reactions, thereby improving the probability of carbon chain growth into C
liquid fuels. The findings open new vistas towards C
liquid fuels under sunlight at mild pressures.
The ubiquitin proteasome pathway is one of the major regulatory tools used by eukaryotic cells. The evolutionarily conserved cullin family proteins can assemble as many as >600 distinct E3 ubiquitin ...ligase complexes that regulate diverse cellular pathways. In most of Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes, separate linker and adaptor proteins build the substrate recognition module. Differently, a single BTB-containing adaptor molecule utilizing two protein interaction sites can link the CUL3 scaffold to the substrate, forming as many as 188 CUL3-BTB E3 ligase complexes in mammals. Here, we review the most recent studies on CRL3 complexes, with a focus on the model for CUL3 assembly with its BTB-containing substrate receptors. Also, we summarize the current knowledge of CRL3 substrates and their relevant biological functions. Next, we discuss the mutual exclusivity of somatic mutations in KEAP1, NRF2, and CUL3 in human lung cancer. Finally, we highlight new strategies to expand CUL3 substrates and discuss outstanding questions remaining in the field.
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