Hungary has been an active participant in China’s 16+1 initiative which is a cooperation scheme launched by Beijing in 2012 to facilitate comprehensive cooperation between China and 16 Central and ...Eastern European countries. The relationships between China and Hungary have improved greatly since then and China’s political and economic presence in the country is increasingly visible. Apart from the Budapest-Belgrade railway, the recent high-profile Chinese investment in Hungary includes a vaccine plant and Fudan University branch campus in Budapest. Since their bilateral relations have deepened, will China’s political and economic presence in Hungary impact Hungary’s relations with the European Union (EU) and the EU’s unified stance towards China? This article evaluates the impact of the 16+1 initiative on Sino-Hungarian political and economic relations and the impact of their engagement on Hungary’s relations with EU institutions and initiatives.
There was a long-standing engagement with the problem of subjectivity by different scholars over time. The problem of subjectivity is not only the key to the understanding of the Marxism but also the ...core of György Lukács’s philosophical studies in his lifetime. While it is well-recognized of the transformational influence of Marxism on the modern traditional philosophy, the comparison between Karl Marx and György Lukács regarding their discussion of the problem of subjectivity can shed light upon what and how Marxists carried on and expanded this contested philosophical problem.
Two types of nitrogen-doped graphene sheets (NGS) synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method are used to immobilize sulfur via an in situ sulfur deposition route. The structure and composition of ...the prepared nitrogen doped graphene/sulfur (NGS/S) composites are confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images shows the porous sulfur particles are well wrapped by NGS. Compared with graphene/sulfur (GS/S) composite, the NGS-1/S composite with high loading (80 wt%) of sulfur presents a remarkably higher reversible capacity (1356.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and long cycle stability (578.5 mAh g−1 remaining at 1 C up to 500 cycles). Pyridinic-N rich NGS-1/S exhibits a better electrochemical performance than pyrrolic-N enriched NGS-2/S. The improvement of electrochemical properties could be attributed to the chemical interaction between the nitrogen functionalities on the surface of NGS and polysulfide as well as the enhanced electronic conductivity of the carbon matrix.
Nitrogen doped graphene/sulfur composites, synthesized by two steps, trap polysulfide via surface interaction and show potential for Li–S batteries. Display omitted
•Nitrogen-doped graphene sheets as a matrix to load sulfur for Li–S battery cathode.•NGS/S cathode shows enhanced electrochemical properties compared with GS/S cathode.•Pyridinic configuration contributes more to improved electrochemical performance.
Rechargeable magnesium batteries have attracted considerable attention because of their potential high energy density and low cost. However, their development has been severely hindered because of ...the lack of appropriate cathode materials. Here we report a rechargeable magnesium/iodine battery, in which the soluble iodine reacts with Mg
to form a soluble intermediate and then an insoluble final product magnesium iodide. The liquid-solid two-phase reaction pathway circumvents solid-state Mg
diffusion and ensures a large interfacial reaction area, leading to fast reaction kinetics and high reaction reversibility. As a result, the rechargeable magnesium/iodine battery shows a better rate capability (180 mAh g
at 0.5 C and 140 mAh g
at 1 C) and a higher energy density (∼400 Wh kg
) than all other reported rechargeable magnesium batteries using intercalation cathodes. This study demonstrates that the liquid-solid two-phase reaction mechanism is promising in addressing the kinetic limitation of rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Vehicle surveillance of a wide area allows us to learn much about the daily activities and traffic information. With the rapid development of remote sensing, satellite video has become an important ...data source for vehicle detection, which provides a broader field of surveillance. The achieved work generally focuses on aerial video with moderately-sized objects based on feature extraction. However, the moving vehicles in satellite video imagery range from just a few pixels to dozens of pixels and exhibit low contrast with respect to the background, which makes it hard to get available appearance or shape information. In this paper, we look into the problem of moving vehicle detection in satellite imagery. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to deal with moving vehicle detection from satellite videos. Our approach consists of two stages: first, through foreground motion segmentation and trajectory accumulation, the scene motion heat map is dynamically built. Following this, a novel saliency based background model which intensifies moving objects is presented to segment the vehicles in the hot regions. Qualitative and quantitative experiments on sequence from a recent Skybox satellite video dataset demonstrates that our approach achieves a high detection rate and low false alarm simultaneously.
Aerogels have great potential in oil absorption applications; however, many reported aerogels have the drawbacks of a low oil-recovery rate and poor mechanical properties, which limit their ...application. In this study, highly reusable graphene oxide (GO)/TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aerogels with excellent mechanical properties and with an architecture similar to that of
stems were fabricated through a three-step process of bidirectional-freezing, freeze-drying, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) modification. After CVD modification, the modified GTPA (MGTPA) accorded hydrophobicity. The synergistic effects of the three components and the unique biomimetic structure conferred biomimetic-MGTPA (b-MGTPA) with excellent compressible properties. As an adsorbent, b-MGTPA showed a high adsorption capacity (75-151 g/g) for various types of organic solvents. In addition, its high compressibility enables b-MGTPA to have fast and highly efficient recovery of absorbed oil through simple mechanical squeezing and it possesses excellent reusable stability (the oil recovery rate and oil retention rate reached 80% and 91.5%, respectively, after 10 repeated absorption-compression cycles).
Multi-walled carbon nanotube/selenium composites (MWCNT/Se) are prepared via a simple solution-based processing strategy using ethylenediamine as the solvent. The selenium nanoparticles in diameter ...of about 100 nm are homogeneously deposited on the network of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the composites. Compared with multi-walled carbon nanotube/selenium composites by melt-infusing method (MWCNT/Se-M), the multi-walled carbon nanotube/selenium composites by solution-based process (MWCNT/Se–S) can deliver a much higher initial discharge capacity (645.7 mAh g−1) and a better cycling stability (355.5 mAh g−1 remaining at a rate of 0.5C after 100 cycles). Even at 4C, it still exhibits a reversible capacity of 468.7 mAh g−1. The superior electrochemical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/selenium composites via solution-based process could be ascribed to the diminished size of selenium and uniform distribution of selenium nanoparticles in carbon matrix.
•Se/MWCNT composites were prepared by a solution-based method for Li–Se batteries cathode.•The solution method leads to a reduced particle size and homogenous distribution of Se in MWCNT network.•Se/MWCNT composites prepared by solution process exhibit good cycling and rate performance.•This method may provide a rational direction to design C/Se nanocomposites.
Selenium encapsulated into 3D interconnected hierarchical porous carbon aerogels (HPCA) as a carbon/selenium composite material is prepared for lithium–selenium batteries. Scanning electron ...microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations show the hierarchical porous structures of the carbon aerogels and the homogeneous distribution of selenium in the composite. The performance of the HPCA/Se cathode is evaluated in lithium–selenium batteries using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is found that the HPCA/Se cathode shows high rate performance, coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. The HPCA/Se cathode has a highest coulombic efficiency which is kept above 98% after 50th cycle in ionic liquid N-methyl-(n-butyl) pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI) modified electrolyte and retains 309 mAh g−1 after 100 discharge/charge cycles at a high rate of 0.5 C (337.5 mAh g−1) in LiNO3 modified electrolyte, respectively. Even at the current density of 5 C (3375 mAh g−1), it can still maintain at a reversible capacity of 301 mAh g−1. The excellent electrochemical properties benefit from the high electron conductivity and 3D interconnected hierarchical porous structures of the carbon aerogels, which contribute to disperse selenium and absorb polyselenides, and suppress the formation of residual Li2Se layer.
•Selenium was encapsulated into hierarchical porous carbon aerogels for Li–Se batteries.•The HPCA/Se composite showed outstanding rate capability and cycling stability.•The LiNO3 modified electrolyte signally improved cycling performance for Li–Se batteries.•The ionic liquid PYR14TFSI modified electrolyte signally improved coulombic efficiency.•The HPCA/Se composite would be a promising cathode material for Li–Se batteries.
•Metal organic framework @ reduced graphene oxide was applied for sulfur cathode.•MIL-101(Cr)@rGO/S composites are synthesized by a facile two-step liquid method.•Cycling stability of ...MIL-101(Cr)@rGO/S sulfur cathode was improved.
Mesoporous metal organic framework @ reduced graphene oxide (MIL-101(Cr)@rGO) materials have been used as a host material to prepare the multi-composite sulfur cathode through a facile and effective two-step liquid phase method successfully, which is different from the simple MIL-101(Cr)/S mixed preparation method. The successful reduced graphene oxide coating in the MIL-101(Cr)@rGO improve the electronic conductivity of meso-MOFs effectively. The discharge capacity and capacity retention rate of MIL-101(Cr)@rGO/S composite sulfur cathode are as high as 650mAhg−1 and 66.6% at the 50th cycle at the current density of 335mAg−1. While the discharge capacity and capacity retention rate of MIL-101(Cr)/S mixed sulfur cathode is 458mAhg−1 and 37.3%. Test results indicate that the MIL-101(Cr)@rGO is a promising host material for the sulfur cathode in the lithium–sulfur battery applications.
The direction of human gaze is an important indicator of human behavior, reflecting the level of attention and cognitive state towards various visual stimuli in the environment. Convolutional neural ...networks have achieved good performance in gaze estimation tasks, but their global modeling capability is limited, making it difficult to further improve prediction performance. In recent years, transformer models have been introduced for gaze estimation and have achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, their slicing-and-mapping mechanism for processing local image patches can compromise local spatial information. Moreover, the single down-sampling rate and fixed-size tokens are not suitable for multiscale feature learning in gaze estimation tasks. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a Swin Transformer for gaze estimation and designs two network architectures: a pure Swin Transformer gaze estimation model (SwinT-GE) and a hybrid gaze estimation model that combines convolutional structures with SwinT-GE (Res-Swin-GE). SwinT-GE uses the tiny version of the Swin Transformer for gaze estimation. Res-Swin-GE replaces the slicing-and-mapping mechanism of SwinT-GE with convolutional structures. Experimental results demonstrate that Res-Swin-GE significantly outperforms SwinT-GE, exhibiting strong competitiveness on the MpiiFaceGaze dataset and achieving a 7.5% performance improvement over existing state-of-the-art methods on the Eyediap dataset.
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