This study aims to develop a digital twin (DT) framework to enhance adaptive proton stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer. Prostate SBRT has emerged as a leading option for ...external beam radiotherapy due to its effectiveness and reduced treatment duration. However, interfractional anatomy variations can impact treatment outcomes. This study seeks to address these uncertainties using DT concept, with the goal of improving treatment quality, potentially revolutionizing prostate radiotherapy to offer personalized treatment solutions. Our study presented a pioneering approach that leverages DT technology to enhance adaptive proton SBRT. The framework improves treatment plans by utilizing patient-specific CTV setup uncertainty, which is usually smaller than conventional clinical setups. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of prostate radiotherapy, with ultimate goals of improving patient outcomes and life quality.
Ultralight bosons such as axion-like particles are viable candidates for dark matter. They can form stable, macroscopic field configurations in the form of topological defects that could concentrate ...the dark matter density into many distinct, compact spatial regions that are small compared to the galaxy but much larger than the Earth. Here, we report the results of a search for transient signals from axion-like particle domain walls with the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME). We search the data, consisting of correlated measurements from optical atomic magnetometers located in laboratories all over the world, for patterns of signals propagating through the network consistent with domain walls. The analysis of data from a continuous month-long operation of the GNOME finds no statistically significant signals, thus placing experimental constraints on such dark matter scenarios.
The SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES) is a three-year JCMT Large Program aiming at reaching the 450 \(\mu\)m confusion limit in the COSMOS-CANDELS region, to study a representative ...sample of the high-redshift far-infrared galaxy population that gives rise to the bulk of the far-infrared background. We present the first-year data from STUDIES. We have reached a 450 \(\mu\)m noise level of 0.91~mJy for point sources at the map center, covered an area of 151 arcmin\(^2\), and detected 98 and 141 sources at 4.0 and 3.5 \(\sigma\), respectively. Our derived counts are best constrained in the 3.5-25 mJy regime using directly detected sources. Below the detection limits, our fluctuation analysis further constrains the slope of the counts down to 1 mJy. The resulting counts at 1-25 mJy are consistent with a power law having a slope of \(-2.59\) (\(\pm0.10\) for 3.5-25 mJy, and \(^{+0.4}_{-0.7}\) for 1-3.5 mJy). There is no evidence of a faint-end termination or turn-over of the counts in this flux density range. Our counts are also consistent with previous SCUBA-2 blank-field and lensing cluster surveys. The integrated surface brightness from our counts down to 1 mJy is \(90.0\pm17.2\) Jy deg\(^{-2}\), which can account for up to \(83^{+15}_{-16}\%\) of the COBE 450 \(\mu\)m background. We show that Herschel counts at 350 and 500 \(\mu\)m are significantly higher than our 450 \(\mu\)m counts, likely caused by its large beam and source clustering. High-angular resolution instruments like SCUBA-2 at 450 \(\mu\)m are therefore highly beneficial for measuring the luminosity and spatial density of high-redshift dusty galaxies.
We analyze an extremely deep 450-$\mu$m image
($1\sigma=0.56$\,mJy\,beam$^{-1}$) of a $\simeq 300$\,arcmin$^{2}$ area in the
CANDELS/COSMOS field as part of the SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey
...(STUDIES). We select a robust (signal-to-noise ratio $\geqslant 4$) and
flux-limited ($\geqslant 4$\,mJy) sample of 164 sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs)
at 450-$\mu$m that have $K$-band counterparts in the COSMOS2015 catalog
identified from radio or mid-infrared imaging. Utilizing this SMG sample and
the 4705 $K$-band-selected non-SMGs that reside within the noise level
$\leqslant 1$\,mJy\,beam$^{-1}$ region of the 450-$\mu$m image as a training
set, we develop a machine-learning classifier using $K$-band magnitude and
color-color pairs based on the thirteen-band photometry available in this
field. We apply the trained machine-learning classifier to the wider COSMOS
field (1.6\,deg$^{2}$) using the same COSMOS2015 catalog and identify a sample
of 6182 450-$\mu$m SMG candidates with similar colors. The number density,
radio and/or mid-infrared detection rates, redshift and stellar mass
distributions, and the stacked 450-$\mu$m fluxes of these SMG candidates, from
the S2COSMOS observations of the wide field, agree with the measurements made
in the much smaller CANDELS field, supporting the effectiveness of the
classifier. Using this 450-$\mu$m SMG candidate sample, we measure the
two-point autocorrelation functions from $z=3$ down to $z=0.5$. We find that
the 450-$\mu$m SMG candidates reside in halos with masses of $\simeq
(2.0\pm0.5) \times10^{13}\,h^{-1}\,\rm M_{\odot}$ across this redshift range.
We do not find evidence of downsizing that has been suggested by other recent
observational studies.
The Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is a new optical/near-infrared multi-fiber spectrograph design for the prime focus of the 8.2m Subaru telescope. PFS will cover 1.3 degree diameter field with 2394 ...fibers to complement the imaging capability of Hyper SuprimeCam (HSC). The prime focus unit of PFS called Prime Focus Instrument (PFI) provides the interface with the top structure of Subaru telescope and also accommodates the optical bench in which Cobra fiber positioners are located. In addition, the acquisition and guiding cameras (AGCs), the optical fiber positioner system, the cable wrapper, the fiducial fibers, illuminator, and viewer, the field element, and the telemetry system are located inside the PFI. The mechanical structure of the PFI was designed with special care such that its deflections sufficiently match those of the HSC's Wide Field Corrector (WFC) so the fibers will stay on targets over the course of the observations within the required accuracy. In this report, the latest status of PFI development will be given including the performance of PFI components, the setup and performance of the integration and testing equipment.
Phys. Rev. Research 1, 012011 (2019) $\mathrm{MnBi_2Te_4}$ has recently been established as an intrinsic
antiferromagnetic (AFM) topological insulator and predicted to be an ideal
platform to realize ...quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator and axion insulator
states. We performed comprehensive studies on the structure, nontrivial surface
state and magnetotransport properties of this material. Our results reveal an
intrinsic anomalous Hall effect arising from a non-collinear spin structure for
the magnetic field parallel to the $c$-axis. We also observed remarkable
negative magnetoresistance under arbitrary field orientation below and above
the Neel temperature (T$_N$), providing clear evidence for strong spin
fluctuation-driven spin scattering in both the AFM and paramagnetic states.
Further, we found that the nontrivial surface state opens a large gap (~85 meV)
even at temperatures far above T$_N$ = 25K. These findings demonstrate that the
bulk band structure of $\mathrm{MnBi_2Te_4}$ is strongly coupled to the
magnetic structure and that a net Berry curvature in momentum space can be
created in a canted AFM state. In addition, our results imply that the gap
opening in the surface states is intrinsic, likely caused by the strong spin
fluctuations near the surface layers.
We present confusion-limited SCUBA-2 450-\(\mu\)m observations in the COSMOS-CANDELS region as part of the JCMT Large Program, SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES). Our maps at 450 and 850 ...\(\mu\)m cover an area of 450 arcmin\(^2\). We achieved instrumental noise levels of \(\sigma_{\mathrm{450}}=\) 0.59 mJy beam\(^{-1}\) and \(\sigma_{\mathrm{850}}=\) 0.09 mJy beam\(^{-1}\) in the deepest area of each map. The corresponding confusion noise levels are estimated to be 0.65 and 0.36 mJy beam\(^{-1}\). Above the 4 (3.5) \(\sigma\) threshold, we detected 360 (479) sources at 450 \(\mu\)m and 237 (314) sources at 850 \(\mu\)m. We derive the deepest blank-field number counts at 450 \(\mu\)m, covering the flux-density range of 2 to 43 mJy. These are in agreement with other SCUBA-2 blank-field and lensing-cluster observations, but are lower than various model counts. We compare the counts with those in other fields and find that the field-to-field variance observed at 450 \(\mu\)m at the \(R=6^\prime\) scale is consistent with Poisson noise, so there is no evidence of strong 2-D clustering at this scale. Additionally, we derive the integrated surface brightness at 450 \(\mu\)m down to 2.1 mJy to be \(57.3^{+1.0}_{-6.2}\)~Jy deg\(^{-2}\), contributing to (41\(\pm\)4)\% of the 450-\(\mu\)m extragalactic background light (EBL) measured by COBE and Planck. Our results suggest that the 450-\(\mu\)m EBL may be fully resolved at \(0.08^{+0.09}_{-0.08}\)~mJy, which extremely deep lensing-cluster observations and next-generation submillimeter instruments with large aperture sizes may be able to achieve.
We present first results from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from 44 to 52 \(\mu{\rm eV}\) (\(10.7 - 12.5\,{\rm GHz}\)) using a room-temperature dish antenna setup called ...GigaBREAD. Dark photon dark matter converts to ordinary photons on a cylindrical metallic emission surface with area \(0.5\,{\rm m}^2\) and is focused by a novel parabolic reflector onto a horn antenna. Signals are read out with a low-noise receiver system. A first data taking run with 24 days of data does not show evidence for dark photon dark matter in this mass range, excluding dark photon - photon mixing parameters \(\chi \gtrsim 10^{-12}\) in this range at 90% confidence level. This surpasses existing constraints by about two orders of magnitude and is the most stringent bound on dark photons in this range below 49 \(\mu\)eV.
The purpose of this study was to determine the initial clinical characteristics of acute mesenteric ischemia and identify variables associated with adverse outcomes in the emergency department (ED).
...The charts of 124 consecutive patients with surgically and pathologically identified acute mesenteric ischemia from September 1990 to September 2000 were reviewed retrospectively to obtain data about demographics, initial clinical presentations, predisposing diseases, previous medications, laboratory tests, and common findings on computed tomography scans with contrast. Only patients admitted through the ED and treated on medical or surgical wards were enrolled.
Mean patient age was 71.1 years (range, 25-100 years). The overall mortality rate was 50%. There were no significant differences in gender, underlying disease, previous medication, initial signs and symptoms, and causes of mesenteric infarction, between survivors and non-survivors. Univariate analysis demonstrated that older age, bandemia, hepatic and renal impairment, hyperamylasemia, metabolic acidosis, hypoxia, intramural pneumatosis, and septic syndrome, were more frequent in patients who died than in those who survived (
p < 0.05). Logistic regression identified the following variables as independent predictors of death: old age (odds ratio, OR, 1.077; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.013, 1.146;
p = 0.02); bandemia (OR, 3.894; 95% CI, 1.160, 13.074;
p = 0.03); elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST; OR, 4.532; 95% CI, 1.274, 16.122;
p = 0.02); increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN; OR, 7.219; 95% CI, 1.166, 44.696;
p = 0.03); and metabolic acidosis (OR, 6.604; 95% CI, 1.804, 24.171;
p < 0.01).
A high index of suspicion and aggressive diagnostic imaging can facilitate early diagnosis and improve outcomes for patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. Risk stratification showed that elderly patients with metabolic acidosis, bandemia, or elevated AST and BUN had a poor prognosis. Greater therapeutic intervention is advocated to reduce mortality in high-risk patients with acute mesenteric ischemia.
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