Improving energy productivity is one of the most cost-effective ways to achieve a sustainable development target. The existing literature has shown some factors that have driven the improvement in ...China’s energy productivity. However, these studies do little to tackle the role of Chinese local officials. Political promotions can be seen as the most important career incentive for Chinese local officials. Hence, we intend to study whether energy productivity affects Chinese local officials’ promotions in this paper. The data of position changes for the 31 provincial governors during 1978‐2012 are utilized. We adopted probit models to empirically examine the correlation between provincial governors’ political promotions and energy productivity. The empirical results demonstrate that (1) energy productivity has a significantly positive impact on provincial governors’ political promotions in China, meaning that the provincial governors have the momentum to improve energy productivity; and (2) the effect of energy productivity on provincial governors’ political promotions has evolved, dynamically changing along with the transformation of the economic growth mode and the adjustment of the local officials’ promotion mechanism. The results are helpful in understanding the drivers of the improvement in China’s energy productivity and provide insightful implications for conducting energy policy in China.
•The data of position changes for China’s provincial governors during 1978–2012 are utilized.•Energy productivity has a positive impact on provincial governors’ promotion in China.•Political incentive is an important driver of the improvement in China’s energy productivity.•The correlation between energy productivity and local officials’ promotions was evolved.
In this paper, we utilize prioritized aggregation operators to develop some single-valued neutrosophic Dombi prioritized aggregation operators: single-valued neutrosophic Dombi prioritized average ...(SVNDPA) operator, single-valued neutrosophic Dombi rioritized geometric (SVNDPG) operator, single-valued neutrosophic Dombi prioritized weighted average (SVNDPWA) operator and single-valued neutrosophic Dombi prioritized weighted geometric (SVNDPWG) operator. The prominent characteristic of these proposed operators are studied. Then, we have utilized the SVNDPWA and SVNDPWG operators to develop some approaches to solve the single-valued neutrosophic multiple attribute decision making problems. Finally, a practical example about talent introduction is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
In order to model the effects of grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials we have coupled a crystal-plasticity model for the grain interiors with a new elastic–plastic grain-boundary interface ...model which accounts for both reversible elastic, as well irreversible inelastic sliding-separation deformations at the grain boundaries prior to failure. We have used this new computational capability to study the deformation and fracture response of nanocrystalline nickel. The results from the simulations reflect the macroscopic experimentally observed tensile stress–strain curves, and the dominant microstructural fracture mechanisms in this material. The macroscopically observed nonlinearity in the stress–strain response is mainly due to the inelastic response of the grain boundaries. Plastic deformation in the interior of the grains prior to the formation of grain-boundary cracks was rarely observed. The stress concentrations at the tips of the distributed grain-boundary cracks, and at grain-boundary triple junctions, cause a limited amount of plastic deformation in the high-strength grain interiors. The competition of grain-boundary deformation with that in the grain interiors determines the observed macroscopic stress–strain response, and the overall ductility. In nanocrystalline nickel, the high-yield strength of the grain interiors and relatively weaker grain-boundary interfaces account for the low ductility of this material in tension.
•The characteristic and spatial distribution of ESVs are explored.•Optimization of land use with embedding ecological effect into land use planning.Spatial distribution of changes in ESVs are ...simulated by CLUE-S model.•Providing a scientific guidance for regional ecological compensation mechanism.
Rapid urbanization intensifies land-use transition by shrinking cropland and increasing the land development of land in China, which affects the ecosystem services value (ESV) and causes environmental degradation. To improve the quality of the ecological environment, China has launched a strategy for the construction of an ecological civilization and attempted to build an ecological compensation mechanism. In this study, combining linear optimization model with the conversion of land use and its effects at small regional extent (CLUE-S) model to optimize and quantitatively to simulate land-use change based on embedding to maximize the ESV for land use planning in 2025 in Jiangsu province, a Chinese province that has experienced the greatest land-use transition and ESV loss in China. The results showed that a total loss of 5.76 × 1010 yuan.yr−1 ESV from 2000 to 2015 was due to the conversion of a total of 17.76% of the land in Jiangsu. However, we predicted that the total area of land use will increase by 0.4% in 2025 compared to that in 2015, which will lead to an increase of the ESV by 3.79 × 1010 yuan.yr−1. Cropland and grassland will decrease the most, while woodland, water area and wetland will increase. Moreover, our spatial simulation showed that the regions around the Taihu Lake, the boundary between central and northern Jiangsu, and the inland region of northern Jiangsu will experience great ESV change caused by land-use transition in 2025. We also discussed land use and ecological protection policies. Our simulation results provide a potentially effective guide for implementing ecological compensation mechanisms among sub-regions in Jiangsu province.
Turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas, such as the solar wind, planetary magnetospheres, and the interstellar medium. It plays a key role in converting electric and magnetic ...energies into kinetic energy of the plasma particles. Here, the properties of MHD and kinetic-scale magnetic fluctuations in the Mercury environment are investigated using data collected by the MESSENGER spacecraft from 2011 March 23 to 2015 April 28. It is found that spectral indices at MHD scales vary from ∼−5/3 in the near-Planet solar wind (possibly the foreshock) to ∼−1.3 within the magnetosheath close to bow shock. The spectra steepen further in the magnetosheath close to magnetopause, and reach ∼−2.2 within the magnetosphere. Only 15% of events were found to have the Kolmogorov scaling ∼−5/3 in the magnetosheath. The high variability of the spectral indices implies that the scaling of turbulent fluctuations in the magnetosheath is not universal, and it emphasizes the role of the bow shock on the turbulence dynamics, at least at the largest scales. Analysis of the magnetic compressibility shows that only ∼30% of events with Kolmogorov inertial range in the magnetosheath are dominated by (shear) Alfvénic fluctuations, which contrasts with well-known features of solar wind turbulence. At kinetic scales, the steepest spectra (slopes ∼−2.8) occur in the solar wind, before flattening to ∼−2 near the bow shock, then steepening again to ∼−2.8 in the magnetosheath. The spectral indices at kinetic scales are close to the ones at large scales in the magnetosphere, which may be caused by the presence of heavy ions in the latter. The statistical results are compared with previous observations reported in other planetary plasma environments.
The antiferroelectricity in HfZrO 2 (HZO) annealed at 600 °C with an abrupt turn ON of FET characteristics with SSmin = 23 mV/dec and SSavg = 50 mV/dec over 4 decades of IDS is demonstrated. The near ...non-hysteresis is achieved with an antiferroelectric-like HZO due to a small remanent polarization and a coercive field. A feasible concept of coupling the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric type HZO are used for low-power electronics and the memory applications, respectively.
With the aim of exploring the potential application of a novel chitosan oligosaccharide derivative (COS‐All‐Tio) in shrimp preservation, six dominant spoilage bacteria in the spoiled shrimp (Penaeus ...vannamei) were isolated and identified as Shewanella putrefaciens (RMS1), S. putrefaciens (S2), Pseudomonas weihenstephanensis (P1), P. gessardii (P2), Aeromonas bestiarum (A1) and Aeromonas molluscorum (A2). The antibacterial effect of COS‐All‐Tio against the six bacterial isolates were studied. Bacterial inhibition zone determination, and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration assays indicated that the antibacterial activity of COS‐All‐Tio was greatly improved when compared to that of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS). The antibacterial mechanism investigation against S. putrefaciens (RMS1) revealed that COS‐All‐Tio could inhibit bacterial growth by influencing of membrane integrity. Such disturbance of membrane structure resulted in the leakage of intracellular substance of the bacteria. A strong synergistic antibacterial effect against S. putrefaciens (RMS1) was observed when COS‐All‐Tio was used in combination with food preservatives (e.g. ε‐polylysine hydrochloride). Therefore, COS‐All‐Tio might have potential in shrimp preservation.
Significance and Impact of the Study: To explore the potential application of a novel chitosan oligosaccharide derivative (COS‐All‐Tio) in shrimp preservation, its antibacterial activity against six dominant spoilage bacteria isolated from shrimp were investigated. The antibacterial mechanism investigation against the most potent spoilage bacteria, Shewanella putrefaciens (RMS1), was also studied. A strong synergistic antibacterial effect against RMS1 was observed when COS‐All‐Tio was used in combination with ε‐polylysine hydrochloride. Therefore, COS‐All‐Tio might have potential in shrimp preservation.
PDF
