In this research, bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is exfoliated and transferred to the carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNSs), which are then coupled with MIL‐88B(Fe) to form the hybrid. From the ...results of the powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, it is found that the doping of CNNSs on the surface of MIL‐88(Fe) could maintain the basic structure of MIL‐88B(Fe), and the smaller dimension of CNNSs might influence the crystallization process of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) compared to bulk g‐C3N4. Besides, the effects of the CNNSs incorporation on photocatalysis are also investigated. Through the photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical measurements, and photocatalytic experiments, the hybrid containing 6% CNNSs is certified to possess the highest catalytic activity to degrade methylene blue and reduce Cr(VI) under visible light. The improvement of the photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the matched energy level which favors the formation of the heterojunctions. Besides, it promotes the charge migration such that the contact between MOFs and CNNSs is more intimate, which can be inferred from the electronic microscopy images. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism is put forward by the relative calculation and the employment of the scavengers to trap the active species.
A novel photocatalyst constituted of MIL‐88B(Fe) and carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNSs) is fabricated. The particiption of CNNSs enhances the photocatalytic performance. The obtained hybrids can not only degrade the dye but also dispose the heavy metal ions under visible light. Moreover, the incorporation of CNNSs influences the crystallization process of the metal‐organic framework structure.
Abstract By electronically wiring-up living cells with abiotic conductive surfaces, bioelectrochemical systems (BES) harvest energy and synthesize electric-/solar-chemicals with unmatched ...thermodynamic efficiency. However, the establishment of an efficient electronic interface between living cells and abiotic surfaces is hindered due to the requirement of extremely close contact and high interfacial area, which is quite challenging for cell and material engineering. Herein, we propose a new concept of a single cell electron collector, which is in-situ built with an interconnected intact conductive layer on and cross the individual cell membrane. The single cell electron collector forms intimate contact with the cellular electron transfer machinery and maximizes the interfacial area, achieving record-high interfacial electron transfer efficiency and BES performance. Thus, this single cell electron collector provides a superior tool to wire living cells with abiotic surfaces at the single-cell level and adds new dimensions for abiotic/biotic interface engineering.
Simultaneous electrochemical ring contraction and expansion reactions remain unexplored to date. Herein, the reductive electrosynthesis of heterocycle‐fused fulleroids from ...fullerotetrahydropyridazines and electrophiles in the presence of a trace amount of oxygen has been achieved with concurrent ring contraction and ring expansion. When trifluoroacetic acid and alkyl bromides are employed as electrophiles, heterocycle‐fused fulleroids with a 1,1,2,6‐configuration are regioselectively formed. In contrast, heterocycle‐fused fulleroids with a 1,1,4,6‐configuration are regioselectively produced as two separable stereoisomers if phthaloyl chloride is used as the electrophile. The reaction proceeds through multiple steps of electroreduction, heterocycle ring‐opening, oxygen oxidation, heterocycle contraction, fullerene cage expansion, and nucleophilic addition. The structures of these fulleroids have been determined by spectroscopic data and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. The observed high regioselectivities have been rationalized by theoretical calculations. Representative fulleroids have been applied in organic solar cells as the third component and exhibit good performance.
The electrochemically triggered simultaneous ring contraction and expansion reaction of fullerotetrahydropyridazines with electrophiles in the presence of a trace amount of oxygen affords pyrazoline‐fused fulleroids with unprecedented 1,1,2,6‐ or 1,1,4,6‐addition patterns.
Memristors are emerging as a rising star of new computing and information storage techniques. However, the practical applications are severely challenged by their instability toward harsh conditions, ...including high moisture, high temperatures, fire, ionizing irradiation, and mechanical bending. In this work, for the first time, lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 is utilized for environmentally robust memristors, enabling highly efficient information storage. The memory performance of the typical indium‐tin‐oxide/Cs2AgBiBr6/Au sandwich‐like memristors is retained after 1000 switching cycles, 105 s of reading, and 104 times of mechanical bending, comparable to other halide perovskite memristors. Most importantly, the memristive behavior remains robust in harsh environments, including humidity up to 80%, temperatures as high as 453 K, an alcohol burner flame for 10 s, and 60Co γ‐ray irradiation for a dosage of 5 × 105 rad (SI), which is not achieved by any other memristors and commercial flash memory techniques. The realization of an environmentally robust memristor from Cs2AgBiBr6 with a high memory performance will inspire further development of robust electronics using lead‐free double perovskites.
Double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 is fabricated into an indium tin oxide/Cs2AgBiBr6/Au device for the first time. Ultrastable memristive behavior is obtained owing to the tough crystallinity of Cs2AgBiBr6. Humidity‐, high temperature‐, fire‐, and radiation‐resistant properties of Cs2AgBiBr6‐based devices promote memristive devices to work in harsh environments, where most perovskite‐based devices may fail to work.
A total of 133 seawater samples and 17 sediment samples were collected from 81 sampling sites in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent area and were analyzed for 16 phthalate esters (PAEs). ...The Σ16 PAE concentrations in the seawater and sediment samples ranged from 180.3ng·L−1 to 3421ng·L−1 and from 0.48μg·g−1 to 29.94μg·g−1dry weight (dw), respectively, with mean values of 943.6ng·L−1 and 12.88μg·g−1. The distribution of ∑16PAE concentrations in the water column showed that PAE concentrations in the bottom samples were higher than those in the surface samples (except the transect C located inside the Changjiang River Estuary), with the maxima appearing in the bottom layer at the offshore stations. Among the 16 PAEs, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and dibutyl phthalate (DnBP) dominated the PAEs, with 25.1%, 21.1%, and 18.9% of the Σ16PAEs in seawater, respectively. The comparison of ∑16PAEs and salinities in transects C and A6 suggested that the Changjiang River runoff was an important driving factor influencing the distribution of PAEs. DEHP concentrations in water samples and DEHP and DnBP concentrations in sediment samples exceeded the environmental risk levels (ERL), indicating their potential hazard to the ocean environment.
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•All of the 16 PAE congeners were detected in the CRE area.•PAE concentrations in the bottom were higher than those in the surface samples.•DEHP, DiBP and DBP dominated the PAEs.•Changjiang River runoff was a driving factor influencing PAEs' distribution.•DEHP in seawater, DEHP and DnBP in sediment exceed the environmental risk levels.
•A coprecipitation method was applied to fabricate BiOBr/MIL-53(Fe) novel photocatalyst.•The MIL-53(Fe) doping endowed BiOBr with the stronger adsorption ability and higher utilization efficiency of ...visible light.•The heterojunction can be formed between MIL-53(Fe) and BiOBr to enhance the photocatalytic degradation performance.•The degradation pathway of carbamazepine was put forward based on the experimental results.
In this work, a series of BiOBr/MIL-53(Fe) hybrid photocatalysts have prepared by a facile co-precipitation method. Rhodamine B (RhB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) were selected as the targets to evaluate the visible-light photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples. All of the hybrids exhibited better catalytic performance compared to the pristine BiOBr, and the performance of BiOBr/MIL-53 (with 20 wt% of MIL-53) was the most efficient. The excellent performance can be contributed to the incorporation of MIL-53(Fe) which not only form the heterojunction with BiOBr to inhibit the recombination of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs, but also utilize the visible light more effectively. The photocatalytic mechanism was studied, it shows that OH and h+ were both the main active species for the degradation of contaminants. Moreover, the degradation pathways of CBZ via the photocatalysis over BiOBr/MIL-53(Fe) hybrid were presented based on the determination of LC–MS/MS and the results of catalytic mechanisms. With the recent increase in reported MOFs materials, we believe a new class of hybrid catalytic materials is possible. This result is conceptually interesting as it opens the door to various MOF-based BiOBr materials for environmental purification and restoration.
Parents are significantly important in shaping the screen use of children within a family system. This study aimed to examine the associations of Chinese children's screen time (ST) over four years ...with parents' attitudes toward their own screen use and physical activities (PA) and health behaviors including their ST, PA, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking.
The current study utilized data from two waves (2011 and 2015) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), including 1,941 mother-father-child triads in 2011 and 2,707 mother-father-child triads in 2015 (with children aged 0-17-years-old). The ST of children and the parental attitudes and health behaviors were measured via self-report or proxy-report (for children under 6 years old) questionnaires. Pool-OLS regression models were used to assess the associations of parental attitudes and health behaviors with the ST of children. Moderation models were built to assess whether these associations depended on the gender, age, and family income of children, as well as whether paternal and maternal influences were moderated by the other parent. A multilevel cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was used to assess parental influences on children's ST over four years.
Paternal ST (β = 0.09, p < 0.001), maternal ST (β = 0.10, p < 0.001), and paternal alcohol drinking (β = 0.30, p < 0.05) were positively associated with children's ST. In addition, maternal smoking had a positive association with girls' ST (β = 0.53, p < 0.05). Moreover, the association between maternal ST and children's ST was observed to decline as family income increased (β = -0.03, p < 0.001). Paternal ST had a larger positive association with children's ST when the ST of mothers exceeded 14 h/week (β = 0.06, p < 0.05). Furthermore, lagged associations were found between paternal attitudes toward PA (β = -1.63, p < 0.05) or maternal cigarette smoking (β = 1.46, p < 0.05) and children's ST measured four years later.
Children establish a healthy lifestyle within the family system. From the perspective of the healthy family climate, the current study suggests that future programs for reducing children's ST should be built through an integrative approach with special attention to parental attitudes and health behaviors.
Recently, many studies explored the role of inflammation parameters such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the prognosis of urinary cancers, but the results were not consistent.
We carried ...out a meta-analysis of published studies to assess the prognostic value of NLR in patients with urinary cancers. Hazard ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association of NLR and OS and RFS/CSS.
The pooled results showed that high NLR was a poor predictor for OS with HR of 1.81 (95%CI: 1.48-2.21; Pheterogeneity = 0.005) and RFS/CSS (HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.65-2.6; Pheterogeneity = 0.849). Subgroup analyses revealed that high NLR yielded a worse OS in RCC (HR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.47-2.45; Pheterogeneity = 0.003) and a poor RFS/CSS in RCC (HR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.35-2.48; Pheterogeneity = 0.709), bladder cancer (HR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.27-3.8; Pheterogeneity = 0.447) and urothelial carcinoma (HR = 2.58, 95%CI: 1.66-4.01; Pheterogeneity = 0.784).
Our results showed that NLR could act as a significant biomarker in the prognosis of urinary cancers.
•A closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) of WEEE is considered.•Four dynamic game models are found to analyze the CLSC.•Without government fund policy, the manufacturer remanufacturing mode is the better ...one.•Under the government fund policy, the retailer remanufacturing mode is the best choice.
This paper investigates a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) of WEEE consisting of a manufacturer, a retailer and a third party recycler, where the manufacturer can remanufacture used WEEE products or the manufacturer also can authorize the retailer to remanufacture used WEEE products. Combining the remanufacturing mode and government fund policy, four dynamic game models are found to analyze the effect of government fund policy on decisions of CLSC. In addtion, this study investigate the effect of government fund policy on consumer, environment and society using numerical analysis. The results show that: Without government fund policy, the manufacturer remanufacturing mode is better for CLSC members. By contrast, under the government fund policy, the retailer remanufacturing mode is the best choice. When government fund policy parameters meet a certain range, it can increase supply chain members’ profits and promote the recycling and remanufacturing of used WEEE products. The changing trends of supply chain members, consumer surplus, environmental impact and social welfare are the same, only the change thresholds of government fund policy parameters are quite different. When the government sets appropriate fund policy parameters, government fund policy is benefit for supply chain members, consumer, environment and society.
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