Epidemiology of esophageal cancer Wheeler, Jason B; Reed, Carolyn E
The Surgical clinics of North America,
10/2012, Letnik:
92, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article discusses the incidence, geographic differences, and risk factors for the 2 most common cancers of the esophagus: squamous cell and adenocarcinoma.
The author discusses a process of recommending returning to in-person analysis during the period from April to October 2021, after working by phone since March 2020. Clinical excerpts from several ...analytic cases are presented and discussed in terms suggested by that material and other sources. Previous work on interpretive authority and on the interpretation of verbal and nonverbal material, still generally relevant to the analytic situation, is discussed as a background for integrating more specific ideas particularly relevant to this phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, including preliminary concepts of revolution and resistance, danger and opportunity, and convenience and necessity.
The external knee adduction moment (KAM) measured during gait is an indicator of tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis progression and various strategies have been proposed to lower it. Gait retraining ...has been shown to be an effective, noninvasive approach for lowering the KAM. We present a new gait retraining approach in which the KAM is fed back to subjects in real-time during ambulation. A study was conducted in which 16 healthy subjects learned to alter gait patterns to lower the KAM through visual or tactile (vibration) feedback. Participants converged on a comfortable gait in just a few minutes by using the feedback to iterate on various kinematic modifications. All subjects adopted altered gait patterns with lower KAM compared with normal ambulation (average reduction of 20.7%). Tactile and visual feedbacks were equally effective for real-time training, although subjects using tactile feedback took longer to converge on an acceptable gait. This study shows that real-time feedback of the KAM can greatly increase the effectiveness and efficiency of subject-specific gait retraining compared with conventional methods.
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an intellectual disability attributable to loss of fragile X protein (FMRP). We previously demonstrated that FMRP binds mRNAs targeted for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay ...(NMD) and that FMRP loss results in hyperactivated NMD and inhibition of neuronal differentiation in human stem cells.
We show here that NMD is hyperactivated during the development of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in the Fmr1-knockout (KO) mouse during embryonic and early postnatal periods. Our findings demonstrate that NMD regulates many neuronal mRNAs that are important for mouse brain development.
We reveal the abnormal regulation of these mRNAs in the Fmr1-KO mouse, a model of FXS, and highlight the importance of early intervention.
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) develop through an asymptomatic process resulting in gross dilation that progresses to rupture if left undetected and untreated. If detected, patients with ...TAA are followed over time until the risk of rupture outweighs the risk of surgical repair. Current methodologies for tracking TAA size are limited to expensive computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging because no acceptable population screening tools are currently available. Previous studies from this laboratory and others have identified differential protein profiles for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), in ascending TAA tissue from patients with bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs), versus patients with idiopathic degenerative disease and a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). In addition, altered microRNA (miR) expression levels have also been reported in TAAs compared with normal aortic tissue. The objective of our study was to identify circulating factors within plasma that could serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing etiologic subtypes of aneurysm disease. Methods Ascending TAA tissue and plasma specimens were obtained from patients with BAV (n = 21) and TAV (n = 21) at the time of surgical resection. The protein abundance of key MMPs (1, 2, 3, 8, and 9), TIMPs (1, 2, 3, and 4), and miRs (1, 21, 29a, 133a, 143, and 145) was examined using a multianalyte protein profiling system or by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results were compared with normal aortic tissue and plasma obtained from patients without aortic disease (n = 10). Results Significant ( P < .05) differences in standardized miR-1 and miR-21 abundance between BAV and TAV aortic tissue samples and different tissue and plasma profiles of analyte differences from normal aorta where observed between the BAV and TAV groups. Linear regression analysis revealed significant linear relationships in plasma and tissue measurements only for MMP-8 and TIMP-1, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4 ( P < .05). Receiver operator curve analysis revealed specific cassettes of analytes predictive of TAA disease. Relative to normal aorta, BAV proteolytic balance was significantly increased for MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-7, and for decreased MMP-8 and MMP-9. In contrast, TAV proteolytic balance relative to normal aorta was significantly increased only for MMP-1 and decreased for MMP-8 and MMP-9. Conclusions Taken together, these unique data demonstrate differential plasma profiles of MMPs, TIMPs, and miRs in ascending TAA specimens from patients with BAV and TAV. These results suggest that circulating biomarkers may form the foundation for a broader platform of biomarkers capable of detecting the presence of TAA using a simple blood test and may also be useful in personalized strategies to distinguish between etiologic subtypes of TAAs in patients with aneurysm disease.
The film
, in conjunction with other films in the
series, can be read as both a portrait of midlife and as the keystone in an expansive critique of group relations. A family of concepts related to
, ...identified by Erik Erikson, is used to interpret this unusually mature instance of the superhero movie. Individuals and societies that stumble over the task of becoming
may be expected to fall into
or extremes of
: the treatment of particular groups as so radically different from one's own that they are beyond the scope of
. This essay traces the evolution of Logan toward greater
and
, and contrasts his character with others from the series who exemplify successes and failures in this task. Real-life vicissitudes of
are also discussed in relation to survivors of the Holocaust and other contemporary groups that may be treated as
.
Maintenance of the structure and mechanical properties of the thoracic aorta contributes to aortic function and is dependent on the composition of the extracellular matrix and the cellular content ...within the aortic wall. Age-related alterations in the aorta include changes in cellular content and composition of the extracellular matrix; however, the precise roles of these age-related changes in altering aortic mechanical function are not well understood.
Thoracic aortic rings from the descending segment were harvested from C57BL/6 mice aged 6 and 21 months. Thoracic aortic diameter and wall thickness were higher in the old mice. Cellular density was reduced in the medial layer of aortas from the old mice; concomitantly, collagen content was higher in old mice, but elastin content was similar between young and old mice. Stress relaxation, an index of compliance, was reduced in aortas from old mice and correlated with collagen fraction. Contractility of the aortic rings following potassium stimulation was reduced in old versus young mice. Furthermore, collagen gel contraction by aortic smooth muscle cells was reduced with age.
These results demonstrate that numerous age-related structural changes occurred in the thoracic aorta and were related to alterations in mechanical properties. Aortic contractility decreased with age, likely because of a reduction in medial cell number in addition to a smooth muscle contractile deficit. Together, these unique findings provide evidence that the age-related changes in structure and mechanical function coalesce to provide an aortic substrate that may be predisposed to aortopathies.
Marfan Syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) represent heritable connective tissue disorders that segregate with a similar pattern of cardiovascular defects (thoracic aortic aneurysm, mitral ...valve prolapse/regurgitation, and aortic dilatation with regurgitation). This pattern of cardiovascular defects appears to be expressed along a spectrum of severity in many heritable connective tissue disorders and raises suspicion of a relationship between the normal development of connective tissues and the cardiovascular system. With overwhelming evidence of the involvement of aberrant Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling in MFS and LDS, this signaling pathway may represent the common link in the relationship between connective tissue disorders and their associated cardiovascular complications. To further explore this hypothetical link, this chapter will review the TGF-β signaling pathway, the heritable connective tissue syndromes related to aberrant TGF-β signaling, and will discuss the pathogenic contribution of TGF-β to these syndromes with a primary focus on the cardiovascular system.
Trauma and sympathy in Buck Wheeler Vega, Jason A.
International journal of psychoanalysis,
December 2014, Letnik:
95, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
From the caves of Chauvet and Lascaux to the Great Plains of North America, from cart horse to polo pony, from Equus (1973, Shaffer) to Warhorse (2011, Morpurgo/Stafford), for at least 30,000 years ...horses have been admired, tamed, worked, and loved by human beings. Other beautiful names from Hellenic culture - Hippocrates ('strong horse,' the father of western medicine), Xanthippe ('yellow horse', the wife of Socrates), Melanippe ('black horse'), Hipparchus ('horse tamer' or 'horse master') - have passed out of common usage.
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