Developing novel food structures is nowadays becoming an attractive technology for food product innovation because they can be used to control textural properties, oral processing and perception, as ...well as biofunctionality in the human body. Proteins and polysaccharides are among the most abundant natural raw materials that can be used for creating novel food structures owing to their supramolecular interactions driven by attractive or repulsive forces. These two classes of biopolymers can be used to create different types of colloidal systems with unique properties, such as nano- or microparticles, hydrogels, films, emulsions, oil-filled hydrogels, foams, and oleogels, to name a few.
In this review, we discuss a range of functional colloids which can be fabricated by exploiting spontaneous interactions of proteins and polysaccharides. Besides, the fundamental theories of proteins and polysaccharides interactions that can affect the structural formation are described. Furthermore, potential food applications of some selective functional colloids are also discussed with illustrative examples.
The synergistic interactions of proteins and polysaccharides in their mixed system and a more complex system where a hydrophobic phase is present, could be employed to obtain various colloidal structures with numerous promising applications in the food industry.
•Fundamental insights of protein-polysaccharide interactions.•Fabrication and properties of functional colloids formed by protein-polysaccharide interactions.•Application in food products.
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•The properties and stability of HIPE-templated oleogels were controlled by pH and ratios of protein:polysaccharide mixture.•Microstructure and PFG- NMR study showed a structural ...transition of oil droplets from HIPE to oleogel system.•pH was considered to control the complexes aggregation at the proximity of the pI of the protein.•Ratio of protein to polysaccharide played a significant role in thickening the interface of HIPE-templated oleogels.
The structural stability of emulsion-templated oleogels stabilized by a mixture of biopolymers is affected by the solidity of the structured interface after the aqueous phase removal and shearing process. In this work, the properties and stability of oleogels obtained from HIPE templates were strongly affected by the pH and the ratio of biopolymers in a mixture, i.e. sodium caseinate (SC) and alginate (ALG). A dry-heat treated SC:ALG mixture was also employed for the preparation of HIPE-templated oleogels as a comparison to those stabilized by pH-adjusted SC:ALG mixtures. We found that the pH and the ratio of SC:ALG significantly influenced the micro- and macrostructural properties of HIPEs and oleogels: the pH controlled the aggregation in the SC:ALG mixture, whereby a pH in the proximity of the pI of the protein was leading to poor stabilization properties, while the ratio of SC:ALG (at fixed alginate concentration) played a significant role in thickening the interface which served as a structural framework to successfully entrap oil. Microstructure and bulk property links were further probed through rheological studies, whereby physically stable oleogels with a high gel strength and a high oil binding capacity were obtained at a SC:ALG ratio of 12:1 at pH 7.0. Furthermore, the HIPE-templated oleogels stabilized by dry-heat treated SC:ALG mixtures showed comparable results with those stabilized by SC:ALG mixed dispersions at pH 7.0. We believe such label-friendly novel colloidal systems with interesting textures could find promising applications as saturated fat replacers in lipid-based food formulations.
Contextual approach in learning acid-base concepts is proven to improve students’ understanding. This is based on an initial survey of students regarding the acid-base concept, as many as 66.7% were ...interested in learning the concept if it is related to everyday life. Therefore, a contextual approach integrates contextual and real-world applications has been proposed to make the concept more meaningful to students. STEAM-2C which integrates aspects of (Science, Technology, Arts, Engineering, Mathematics, Culture, and Communication) is one application of a contextual approach that is proven to increase motivation, besides that students also need to explore the local wisdom around them. However, the problem is that no learning resource combines aspects of STEAM-2C based on local wisdom, one of which is in Malang City. Therefore, a learning media was developed in the form of a flipbook integrated with the STEAM-2C approach based on Malang’s local wisdom, namely Malangan batik which is associated with the concept of acid-base. The method used in this research is the RnD (Research and Development) method with a modified ADDIE development model with restrictions into 3 stages, namely analysis, design, and development. The results showed that a digital-based flipbook in the form of an application had been compiled. The content in the flipbook includes chem-culture, chem-matter, chem-news, and chem-tech illustrating the integration of acid-base material with the STEAM-2C approach. Flipbook is packaged as an application with several main features, namely pre-test, learning video, flipbook, posttest, and games to support the student learning process. The integration of the STEAM-2C approach and local wisdom can familiarize students with social and cultural awareness characters that are closely related to 21st century skills, as well as make students able to solve problems better, creatively, independently, think logically, and introduce local wisdom values to students on acid-base material.
This study aims to examine more deeply about agricultural development. This study uses the systematic literature review method, articles taken from the publications of various publishers using the ...SCOPUS database and given restrictions on the year of publication only for the last two years or the same as from 2019 to 2021. From the results of this search resulted in 233 views of relevant articles. With this research topic, this figure is obtained from the number of files (.ris) that are exported to Mendeley software. This study explains that agricultural development is currently an integral part of the general public. In agricultural development, it is not only a process or activity of agricultural production but also something that can produce social changes from the scope of values, norms, behavior, institutions, social and so on in order to achieve better economic growth and improve the welfare of farmers and society to become more and more. The limitations of this study are examples of articles presented that differ from the existing conditions in each country so that there is a need for a critical understanding of the government system in the examples of articles that are used as references besides that there needs to be special considerations in determining equations and new findings from articles that are used as reference material to develop the main idea in accordance with the selected topic and title so that the next research needs to understand the main points of the topics that are in accordance with the title and focus on research by adjusting to new things that are to be sought and can be adjusted to the title that is raised.
With the burgeoning population, the community activities, such as laundering, washing, or even bathing, have expanded along the irrigation canal. Consequently, some chemicals from those activities ...are released and pollute the water body. Besides, the discharge of wastewater into the irrigation system is also an issue of public health concern, because it creates an environment conducive to the reproduction of any pathogenic agent. Using candung as constructed wetlands (CW)-like to treat the irrigation water in rice paddies would be an interesting tool for removing pollutants from the irrigation water. Candung, as a locally used CW in Bali Island, has been applied in the rice field long time ago. The present study aimed to examine candung as a local attached CW or treating irrigation water and analyse the community awareness regarding the candung application. The result showed a positive effect of candung in maintaining the water quality parameters, such as TSS, BOD, COD, and nutrients with certain aquatic plants (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaea tetragona, and Pistia stratiotes). The knowledge, behaviour, and action of the local subak community were still limited, whereas they had positive perceptions and responses about candungthe potential of candung as an agrotourism attraction in the village as well
The current development of globalization has led to a very fundamental transformation in the economic system. the phenomenon of globalization cannot be avoided by any country, moreover, countries ...that previously isolated themselves from the outside world cannot be avoided either. Therefore any country will still be affected by globalization so it will create international trade that is increasingly spreading from every country. This study aims to analyze the role of institutional quality through government effectiveness and regulatory quality, foreign direct investment, and country size on trade openness in the ASEAN-6 region during the 2002-2021 period using panel data analysis techniques. in using the panel data technique based on the best testing through the Chow test and the Hausman test that the best model used in this study is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) which shows the variables of government effectiveness and investment directly have a positive and significant effect on trade openness. while the quality of regulations and country size has a negative and significant effect on trade openness in the ASEAN Region.
(1) Background: The sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to ionizing radiation, among others, is determined by the number of cells with high clonogenic potential and stem-like ...features. These cellular characteristics are dynamically regulated in response to treatment and may lead to an enrichment of radioresistant cells with a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA and histone methylation, are key regulators of gene-specific transcription and cellular plasticity. Therefore, we hypothesized that specific epigenetic targeting may prevent irradiation-induced plasticity and may sensitize HNSCC cells to radiotherapy. (2) Methods: We compared the DNA methylome and intracellular concentrations of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in radioresistant FaDu and Cal33 cell lines with their parental controls, as well as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive CSCs with negative controls. Moreover, we conducted a screen of a chemical library targeting enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation in combination with irradiation and analyzed the clonogenic potential, sphere formation, and DNA repair capacity to identify compounds with both radiosensitizing and CSC-targeting potential. (3) Results: We identified the histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J1, which targets UTX (
) and JMJD3 (
), leading to increased H3K27 trimethylation, heterochromatin formation, and gene silencing. The clonogenic survival assay after siRNA-mediated knock-down of both genes radiosensitized Cal33 and SAS cell lines. Moreover, high
expression in tissue sections of patients with HNSCC was associated with improved locoregional control after primary (
= 137) and post-operative (
= 187) radio/chemotherapy. Conversely, high
expression was a prognostic factor for reduced overall survival. (4) Conclusions: Within this study, we investigated cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying irradiation-induced cellular plasticity, a key inducer of radioresistance, with a focus on epigenetic alterations. We identified UTX (
) as a putative prognostic and therapeutic target for HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy.
The leakage of temple waste in the environment surrounding the temples has made the image of temples not only a cultural icon but also a contributor to landfill waste on the island. About 292.36 kg ...of temple waste is generated from a single ceremonial at Griya Anyar Tanah Kilap Temple. The temple waste consists of 90,16% of organic waste (food, leaf and discarded flower) that is easily biodegraded. This research aimed to examine the temple waste to be recycled into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Leaf and flower waste are used as RDF material using two different drying methods, namely natural drying and pyrolysis. The results showed that the pyrolysis RDF has a similar caloric value to the natural drying RDF with 3311.7 kcal/kg and 2912.7 kcal/kg, respectively. According to the electrical power potential, pyrolysis RDF has 3856.19 kWh/tons, meanwhile natural drying RDF has 3391.59 kWh/tons. The pyrolysis RDF has less organic content and quite higher ash content than the natural drying RDF, making it better quality and appropriate to be applied in the community for a long-term sustainable temple waste recycling.
ABSTRAKTeh kombucha merupakan hasil fermentasi antara teh manis dengan mikroba yang memiliki khasiat baik bagi kesehatan tubuh. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk fermentasi teh ini adalah 7 hingga maksimal ...12 hari. Penentuan siap konsumsi dari hasil fermentasi biasanya mengacu dari umur fermentasi dan uji coba rasa oleh human tester. Selain menggunakan 2 cara tersebut, pemanfaatan sistem Electronic Nose (e-nose) dapat digunakan juga untuk melakukan identifikasi terhadap aroma teh kombucha selama proses fermentasi untuk mengetahui matang atau tidaknya. Akan tetapi timbul masalah yaitu hasil pembacaan e-nose menghasilkan data yang cukup banyak sehingga kurang efektif dan dapat menurunkan kinerja sistem, solusinya dapat diterapkan seleksi fitur menggunakan Artificial Neural Network berdasarkan dari Sum of Absolute Errors. Hasil dari penelitian ini mendapatkan 6 fitur terbaik dengan peningkatan nilai akurasi sebesar 97,22%, presisi sebesar 94,74%, dan sensitivitas sebesar 100,00%.Kata kunci: Teh Kombucha, Seleksi Fitur, E-nose, Artificial Neural Network, Sum of Absolutes Errors ABSTRACTKombucha tea is a fermented product of sweet tea with microbes that have good health benefits. The time required to ferment this tea is 7 to a maximum of 12 days. Determination of ready-to-consumption of fermented products usually refers to the age of fermentation and taste testing by a human tester. In addition to using these 2 methods, the use of the Electronic Nose (e-nose) system can also be used to identify the aroma of kombucha tea during the fermentation process to determine whether it is ripe or not. Problems that arise from reading e-nose produce quite a lot of data so that it is less effective and can reduce system performance, the solution can be applied to feature selection using an Artificial Neural Network based on the Sum of Absolute Errors. The results of this study get the best 6 features with an increase in accuracy of 97.22%, precision of 94.74%, and sensitivity of 100.00%.Keywords: Kombucha Tea, E-nose, Feature Selection, Artificial Neural Network, Sum of Absolute Errors
The knowledge of genomic DNA variations in patient samples has a high and increasing value for human diagnostics in its broadest sense. Although many methods and sensors to detect or quantify these ...variations are available or under development, the number of underlying physico-chemical detection principles is limited. One of these principles is the hybridization of sample target DNA versus nucleic acid probes. We introduce a novel thermodynamics approach and develop a framework to exploit the specific detection capabilities of nucleic acid hybridization, using generic principles applicable to any platform. As a case study, we detect point mutations in the KRAS oncogene on a microarray platform. For the given platform and hybridization conditions, we demonstrate the multiplex detection capability of hybridization and assess the detection limit using thermodynamic considerations; DNA containing point mutations in a background of wild type sequences can be identified down to at least 1% relative concentration. In order to show the clinical relevance, the detection capabilities are confirmed on challenging formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical tumor samples. This enzyme-free detection framework contains the accuracy and efficiency to screen for hundreds of mutations in a single run with many potential applications in molecular diagnostics and the field of personalised medicine.
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