Peripheral arterial emboli Connett, M C; Murray, Jr, D H; Wenneker, W W
The American journal of surgery,
01/1984, Letnik:
148, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
One hundred eleven patients with 130 emboli treated in nonteaching private hospitals have been evaluated with respect to cause, mortality rate, and amputation rate. For surgically treated patients ...with balloon embolectomy, the mortality rate was 13.7 percent overall, with a limb salvage rate of 94.5 percent. The operative mortality was 8.3 percent. The mortality for late embolectomy was 3 percent with a limb salvage rate of 100 percent. The most critical factor in predicting mortality was age of the patient, with a significantly higher mortality in patients of advanced years. In this series, a prolonged duration of embolus before embolectomy did not have an adverse effect on the mortality rate.
Four-to-9-year-old children are a special group with respect to motor vehicle occupant restraints. Having outgrown child safety seats, they are often placed in adult seat belts. This study was ...undertaken to examine patterns of injury among restrained 4- to 9-year-old by seat location and crash impact site. The data were obtained from an ongoing hospital-based monitoring system. Seventy percent of the sample sustained a head or face injury. Upper-torso and extremity injuries were infrequent. Lower torso injuries occurred primarily in frontal impacts in both the back and front seats. Frontal impacts resulted in a greater proportion of serious injuries than rear impacts. The most serious injuries, however, occurred to children seated on the side of impact in lateral collisions. Questions must be raised regarding the appropriateness of the present restraint system for young children. Recommendations, given current seat belt systems, are provided. However, technological improvements in vehicle design and belt systems are needed to improve protection, particularly in lateral impacts.
The diel rate of microbial nucleic acid synthesis and the concentration of particulate DNA were measured at various locations in the oligotrophic Pacific Ocean. Net synthesis of RNA and DNA was ...observed over 24-h periods at all locations investigated, but the actual rate sometimes varied with time of day. It is concluded that whenever possible, daily rates of synthesis should be determined from a series of consecutive incubations conducted over a complete 24-h period. In addition, nonreplicating DNA comprised 75-90% of the total particulate DNA at the locations investigated. These results appear to preclude the use of light-dependent DNA accumulation as a measure of phytoplankton growth rate in the oligotrophic oceans.
Childhood motor vehicle occupant injuries Agran, P; Castillo, D; Winn, D
American journal of diseases of children (1960),
06/1990, Letnik:
144, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Motor vehicle occupant trauma is the major cause of mortality among the pediatric population. The mortality rate for adolescents is approximately 10 times that of the younger age groups. Despite ...enactment of child passenger safety laws in all states and mandatory seat belt use laws in two thirds of the states, mortality rates have not decreased to the extent expected. Additional interventions targeted at the adolescent driver, substance use and driving, and improved occupant protection for all children will be required to further decrease occupant trauma. Lack of comprehensive trauma data is a major roadblock to the calculation of morbidity and disability rates.
Smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco and snuff) contains known carcinogens shown to increase the risk for oral cancer. The effect of snuff has been more fully documented than other forms of smokeless ...tobacco, although the carcinogenic potential of all such products is acknowledged. Risk increases with increasing length of exposure, with risks greatest for anatomic sites where the product has been held in contact the longest time. In some studies, other organs, such as the esophagus, larynx, and stomach, have been shown to be at increased risk for cancer from the use of smokeless tobacco, although at present the data are insufficient to substantiate fully a causal association. Numerous reports have shown an association between snuff use and leukoplakia, with less evidence at present linking chewing tobacco use with leukoplakia. The documented early onset of the smokeless tobacco habit and reports of increases in certain oral cancers among young men raise serious concerns of an impending oral cancer epidemic in this population. In addition, synergistic interactions with other oral cancer risk factors, e.g., smoking and alcohol, and a high rate for second primaries observed for these cancers add to the concern. Unless the tide of its use is stemmed, long-term use can be expected to produce an increase in oral cancers, and perhaps cancers of other sites, as youthful users mature and accumulate exposure to this carcinogenic agent.
Using processed, pelleted wood as a coal substitute in boiler furnaces equipped to fire coal with mechanical stokers offers many advantages. Several costly problems associated with coal use are ...either substantially reduced or not present with wood. Compared to coal, wood burning results in reduced emission of particulate material and sulfur oxides. Also, wood is a resource which can be renewed abundantly. Another advantage is its general accessibility - no environmentally and economically costly excavations need be dug to make the fuel available. Processed wood pellets are lower in moisture content and higher in heating value and bulk density than wood chips and sawdust.
PDF
