Under the competing supply chain framework, we examine the impact of buyback policy on retail price, order quantity and wholesale price in a duopoly of two manufacturer–retailer supply chains. Demand ...is assumed to follow a general distribution similar to a newsvendor case. We consider two channel policies for both competing supply chains: Vertical Integration (VI) and Manufacturer's Stackelberg (MS). We show that buyback strategy can lead to a higher profit than non-buyback in both VI and MS in competing supply chains, which is consistent with existing result in a single supply chain. We also show that the profits obtained by the supply chain individuals and the entire supply chain profit increase as the chain competition increases.
To determine how carbon emissions reduction affects supply chain operations and financing decisions, this paper examines a green supply chain, which consists of one manufacturer (playing the leading ...role) and one capital-constrained retailer; in this supply chain, bank financing and trade credit financing are viable. This research explores the retailer's optimal order quantity, the manufacturer's optimal wholesale price, the optimal level of carbon emissions (for both bank financing and trade credit financing), and the design of the contract to coordinate the supply chain. We find that the supply chain achieves a win-win outcome in terms of production quantity and emissions reduction when the manufacturer invests in emissions reduction. In addition, we find that a supply chain with a contract outperforms a non-contract supply chain in production quantity and emissions reduction. Furthermore, the effect is more remarkable when trade credit financing is viable.
Supplier selection in a fuzzy group setting is a very important strategic decision involving decisions balancing a number of conflicting criteria and opinions from different experts. This paper uses ...grey related analysis and Dempster–Shafer theory to deal with this fuzzy group decision making problem. First, in the individual aggregation, grey related analysis is employed as a means to reflect uncertainty in multi-attribute models through interval numbers. Second, in the group aggregation, the Dempster–Shafer (D–S) rule of combination is used to aggregate individual preferences into a collective preference, by which the candidate alternatives are ranked and the best alternative(s) are obtained. The proposed approach uses both quantitative and qualitative data for international supplier selection. It provides alternative tools to evaluate and improve supplier selection decisions in an uncertain global market.
The boom in online sales has inspired the enthusiasm of manufacturers to include their own online sale channel with the retailer's offline channel. This paper investigates the impact of consumer ...transfer in a capital-constraint dual-channel supply chain and examines the optimal operational decision by considering a Stackelberg game. We capture the trade credit coordination mechanism of the supply chain facing with stochastic demand. The results show that trade credit contract would alleviate financial pressure of the capital-constraint retailer and achieve coordination in the dual-channel supply chain. Besides, the adoption of trade credit stimulates the ordering behaviour of retailers. However, by using trade credit, the default risk increases for the capital-constraint retailer compared to the retailer with sufficient capital. The manufacturer shares the risk with the retailer by trade credit in dual-channel supply chain. Furthermore, the effects of consumer transfer rates on the setting of the trade credit parameters are also presented in this paper.
After 2007–2008 crisis, it is clear that corporate credit scoring is becoming a key role in credit risk management. In this paper, we investigate the performances of credit scoring models applied to ...CDS data sets. The classification performance of deep learning algorithm such as deep belief networks with Restricted Boltzmann Machines are evaluated and compared with some popular credit scoring models such as logistic regression, multi-layer perceptron and support vector machine. The performance is assessed using the classification accuracy and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. It is found that DBN yields the best performance.
In this paper, we examine a supply chain consisting of a supplier with capital constraint and multiple retailers with no working capital. The retailers can get either trade credit from the supplier ...or loan from banks. All the retailers are differentiated by their credit scores, which measure the possibility that they default. We show that when the retailer's default probability is high compared with the marginal cost, the retailer cannot get financial support. If the retailers only get money from banks, the more reliable a retailer is, the higher the wholesale price the supplier may charge him. We also find out that the supplier has the motivation to provide trade credit even when the retailers can get money from banks. And no matter where the retailers get money from, when the initial capital is a little insufficient, the supplier will reduce the quantity of the products provided to all retailers. As the initial capital becomes less, the supplier will cut off all the supply to the lowest-score retailer first no matter whether the supplier undertakes the default risk or not. In other words, when the retailers are heterogeneous, for supplier, it is not always the more retailers, the better.
Stock index forecasting is a hot issue in the financial arena. As the movements of stock indices are non-linear and subject to many internal and external factors, they pose a great challenge to ...researchers who try to predict them. In this paper, we select a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to train data and forecast the stock indices of the Shanghai Stock Exchange. We introduce the artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) to optimize RBF. To increase forecasting efficiency, a
K-means clustering algorithm is optimized by AFSA in the learning process of RBF. To verify the usefulness of our algorithm, we compared the forecasting results of RBF optimized by AFSA, genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), as well as forecasting results of ARIMA, BP and support vector machine (SVM). Our experiment indicates that RBF optimized by AFSA is an easy-to-use algorithm with considerable accuracy. Of all the combinations we tried in this paper, BIAS6
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MA5
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ASY4 was the optimum group with the least errors.
The online celebrity economy, also called the internet celebrity economy, is growing rapidly in China. Celebrity retailers are usually demand sensitive and capital constrained. The capital ...constraints along with information asymmetry often render supply chains inefficient when manufacturers are producing at non-optimal levels. Few studies have shed light on the online celebrity supply chain, especially with respect to options. In this study, we examine how option contracts can coordinate supply chains. We find that a capital-constrained retailer can achieve more profitable orders when given an option. The manufacturer - without the full information of market demand - also benefits from offering an option to the retailer. Our numerical case shows that the options contract generates different payoffs depending on the capital of the retailer.
...three raw sales data sets are used to evaluate the performance of the model. Benchmark functions and numerical experiments examine the performance of algorithm, which can improve the efficiency of ...cold chain distribution and reduce distribution costs. ...it extends the existing literature and can provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the vehicle routing problem of perishable foods. The study by Liu et al. measures the public attention to the accident of the Malaysia Airlines aircraft by using internet search data extracted from Google Trends and the Baidu Index, and analyzes how such events affect company stock price and volatility.
This paper investigates the bargaining equilibrium behavior of an industry with two competing supply chains. The demand in each supply chain is modeled using the downward-sloping linear function with ...respect to both price and promotional effort. The optimality is established through Nash bargaining when the two competing manufacturers distribute through two independent competing retailers. We show, when both price and promotional effort dependent demand is present, that both the traditional Manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) and the Vertical Integration (VI) are special cases of our Nash bargaining game. We conclude that both sales promotional service and price dominates bargaining on only one factor. We yield several conclusions about the provision of promotional service level by each supply chain to coordinate the channel.
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