The neural correlate of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) is an issue that warrants further investigation. However, relatively few studies have examined the intrinsic functional ...connectivity (FC) underlying cognitive deficits involving sustained attention and executive function at both the region and network levels, as well as the different relationships between connectivity patterns and cognitive performance, in BD patients and healthy controls (HCs).
Patients with BD (n = 59) and HCs (n = 52) underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the continuous performance test and a clinical assessment. A seed-based approach was used to evaluate the intrinsic FC alterations in three core neurocognitive networks (the default mode network DMN, the central executive network CEN and the salience network SN). Finally, we examined the relationship between FC and cognitive performance by using linear regression analyses.
Decreased FC was observed within the DMN, in the DMN-SN and DMN-CEN and increased FC was observed in the SN-CEN in BD. The alteration direction of regional FC was consistent with that of FC at the brain network level. Decreased FC between the left posterior cingulate cortex and right anterior cingulate cortex was associated with longer WCST completion time in BD patients (but not in HCs).
These findings emphasize the dominant role of the DMN in the psychopathology of BD and provide evidence that cognitive deficits in BD may be associated with aberrant FC between the anterior and posterior DMN.
The Mesozoic magmatic rocks within the South China Block exhibit a widespread distribution, extending up to 1300 km inland. In order to better understand the Mesozoic tectonic evolution within the ...interior South China Block, we present new geochronological and geochemical investigations on the Danguanzhang granitic pluton in the region where multiple episodes of Mesozoic magmatism were initiated in South China. The Danguanzhang pluton is primarily composed of Guizhumao granites (168 ± 1 Ma) as its main body and Gaojian granites (246 ± 1 Ma) as the eastern part. Both the Guizhumao and Gaojian granites are highly differentiated I-type granite based on their high SiO2 contents (>72 wt%), metaluminous-weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.99–1.12), fractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns (La/YbN = 1.1–13.3), significantly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.02–0.14), and a negative correlation between P2O5 and SiO2. They were derived from the partial melting of Paleoproterozoic metaigneous rocks and show negative whole-rock ɛNd(t) values (−9.12 to −9.38 and − 9.61 to −9.8, respectively) and zircon ɛHf(t) values (−7.0 to −12.8 and − 6.8 to −11.8, respectively). The Guizhumao granites exhibit a close affinity with the widely distributed early Yanshanian (165–150 Ma) I-type granites within the interior South China Block, marking the onset of the early Yanshanian magmatism in South China. Conversely, the Gaojian granites, coeval with the Indiosinian magmatism, are associated with inland subduction. A compilation of previously published geochronology data reveals distinct episodes of Mesozoic magmatism within the interior South China Block (250–200 Ma, 195–180 Ma, and 168–150 Ma), which contrast with the typical flat-slab subduction scenario that typically exhibits two episodes of magmatism corresponding to flat subduction and rollback. Therefore, the interior South China Block might have undergone complex deep dynamic processes in the Mesozoic, involving prolonged flat-slab subduction and unique slab rollback caused by slab break-off and foundering in the central part of the subducted slab.
•Danguanzhang pluton includes Daojian (246 Ma) & Guizhumao (168 Ma) I-type granites.•These I-type granites were derived from partial melting of Paleoproterozoic rocks.•Guizhumao granites denote the onset of early Yanshanian magmatism in South China.•Mesozoic flat-slab subduction in South China results in three episodes of magmatism.•Mesozoic slab rollback in South China was caused by slab break-off and foundering.
A leaf structure with high porosity is beneficial for lateral CO2 diffusion inside the leaves. However, the leaf structure of maize is compact, and it has long been considered that lateral CO2 ...diffusion is restricted. Moreover, lateral CO2 diffusion is closely related to CO2 pressure differences (ΔCO2). Therefore, we speculated that enlarging the ΔCO2 between the adjacent regions inside maize leaves may result in lateral diffusion when the diffusion resistance is kept constant. Thus, the leaf structure and gas exchange of maize (C4), cotton (C3), and other species were explored. The results showed that maize and sorghum leaves had a lower mesophyll porosity than cotton and cucumber leaves. Similar to cotton, the local photosynthetic induction resulted in an increase in the ΔCO2 between the local illuminated and the adjacent unilluminated regions, which significantly reduced the respiration rate of the adjacent unilluminated region. Further analysis showed that when the adjacent region in the maize leaves was maintained under a steady high light, the photosynthesis induction in the local regions not only gradually reduced the ΔCO2 between them but also progressively increased the steady photosynthetic rate in the adjacent region. Under field conditions, the ΔCO2, respiration, and photosynthetic rate of the adjacent region were also markedly changed by fluctuating light in local regions in the maize leaves. Consequently, we proposed that enlarging the ΔCO2 between the adjacent regions inside the maize leaves results in the lateral CO2 diffusion and supports photosynthesis in adjacent regions to a certain extent under fluctuating light.
•Mitophagy was activated after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and reached the highest level at 24 h after reperfusion.•Autophagy occurred in diverse components of the neurovascular unit.•The ...PINK1/Parkin/p62 signalling pathway was involved in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
This study examined the course of mitophagy following cerebral ischemia with reperfusion and the role of the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin/p62 signalling pathway. The middle cerebral artery of male Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded for 90 min and was followed by different time-points of reperfusion. Cerebral infarct areas were detected by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, while brain damage was observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of LC3, Beclin1 and LAMP-1 were estimated by western blots. LC3B location was observed in various cells in the neurovascular unit. In addition, PINK1 accumulation in damaged mitochondria and Parkin/p62 mitochondrial translocation were investigated by double immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the levels of PINK1, Parkin and p62 expression in mitochondrial fractions were estimated by western blots. Cerebral ischemia with different time-points of reperfusion resulted in infarct in the territory of the middle cerebral artery accompanied by overall brain damage. In addition, we found up-regulation of LC3B, Beclin1, and LAMP-1, as well as mitophagy activation after reperfusion, with peak expression of these proteins at 24 h after reperfusion. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence indicated that LC3B was primarily located in neurons, although lower levels of expression were found in astrocytes and even less in vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, significant increases in PINK1 accumulation in the outer membrane of mitochondria and increased Parkin/p62 mitochondrial translocation were shown at 24 h after reperfusion. These findings suggest that the PINK1/Parkin/p62 signalling pathway was involved in the pathophysiological processes following ischemia and reperfusion.
We investigated whether Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction reduced mitophagy activation and kept mitochondrial function in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, ...ischemia and reperfusion (IR), IR plus XXMD (60 g/kg/day) (XXMD60), IR plus cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg/day) (CsA), and IR plus vehicle (Vehicle). Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion models were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Cerebral infarct areas were measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Cerebral ischemic injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and Nissl staining. Ultrastructural features of mitochondria and mitophagy in the penumbra of the ischemic cortex were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Mitophagy was detected by immunofluorescence labeled with LC3B and VDAC1. Autophagy lysosome formation was observed by immunofluorescence labeled with LC3B and Lamp1. The expression of LC3B, Beclin1, and Lamp1 was analyzed by Western blot. The rats subjected to MCAO showed worsened neurological score and cell ischemic damage. These were all significantly reversed by XXMD or CsA. Moreover, XXMD/CsA notably downregulated mitophagy and reduced the increase in LC3, Beclin1, and Lamp1 expression induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The findings demonstrated that XXMD exerted neuroprotective effect via downregulating LC3, Beclin1, Lamp1, and mitochondrial p62 expression level, thus leading to the inhibition of mitophagy.
Background For patients with prior intra-abdominal surgery or multiple arteries, the retroperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (rRAPN) is a better choice. The renal ventral tumor poses an ...additional challenge due to poor tumor exposure. This study is determined to assess the feasibility of an internal traction technique (ITT) in rRAPN for the management of renal ventral tumors. Methods From November 2019 to March 2021, a total of 28 patients with renal ventral tumor underwent rRAPN. All patients had prior abdominal surgery or multiple arteries. The ITT group (20 patients), which improved the tumor exposure by traction of the kidney with suture, was compared with the traditional technique group (8 patients) in terms of warm ischemia time, estimated blood loss and postoperative hospital stay, retroperitoneal drainage, R.E.N.A.L. score, and serum creatinine. Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. Results All rRAPN surgeries were successful without conversion to radical nephrectomy or open partial nephrectomy. The warm ischemia time was lower in the ITT group (17.10 min vs. 24.63 min; P < 0.05). Estimated blood loss in the traditional technique group was 324.88 + or - 79.42 mL, and in the ITT group, it was 117.45+ or -35.25 mL (P < 0.05). No significant differences with regard to postoperative hospital stay, retroperitoneal drainage, R.E.N.A.L. score, and serum creatinine were observed between both groups. Surgical margins were negative and no intraoperative complications occurred in all the patients. After 10 months of follow-up, no recurrence or metastasis occurred in all cases. Conclusion ITT is a feasible, safe, and valid procedure in rRAPN for renal ventral tumors. Application of ITT improved the exposure and reduces warm ischemic time in comparison with the conventional procedure. Keywords: Robotic surgery, Partial nephrectomy, Renal ventral tumor, Retroperitoneal
Abstract
We aim to develop a nomogram to predict overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with portal hypertension, according to ...demographic/clinical indicators such as age, creatinine, blood ammonia, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-R15) and percentage of Portal pressure gradient (PPG) decline. In this retrospective study, 296 patients with portal hypertension who received elective TIPS in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020 were included. These patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 207) and a validation cohort (n = 89). According to the occurrence of OHE, patients were assigned to OHE group and non-OHE group. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine independent variables for predicting OHE after TIPS. Accordingly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to compare the accuracy and superiority of a novel model with conventional Child–Pugh and MELD scoring model. Age (OR 1.036, 95% CI 1.002–1.070, p = 0.037), Creatinine (OR 1.011, 95% CI 1.003–1.019, p = 0.009), Blood ammonia (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.006–1.044, p = 0.011), ICG-R15 (OR 1.030, 95% CI 1.009–1.052, p = 0.004) and Percentage decline in PPG (OR 1.068, 95% CI 1.029–1.109, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for OHE after TIPS using multifactorial analysis. A nomogram was constructed using a well-fit calibration curve for each of these five covariates. When compared to Child–Pugh and MELD score, this new nomogram has a better predictive value (C-index = 0.828, 95% CI 0.761–0.896). Consistently, this finding was reproduceable in validation cohort and confirmed with DCA. A unique nomogram was developed to predict OHE after TIPS in patients with PHT, with a high prediction sensitivity and specificity performance than commonly applied scoring systems.
Abstract
A green and practical method for the electrochemical synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo1,5‐
a
quinoxalin‐4(5
H
)‐ones through the three‐component reaction of quinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones,
N
...‐arylglycines and paraformaldehyde was reported. In this strategy, EtOH played dual roles (eco‐friendly solvent and waste‐free pre‐catalyst) and the in situ generated ethoxide promoted triple sequential deprotonations.
Abstract
Background
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), a rare cause of cerebral infarction, is often unrecognized at initial presentation. We report the case of a patient with bilateral corpus ...callosum and corona radiata infarction due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis presenting as headache and acute reversible aphasia.
Case presentation
A 30-year-old female patient presented with headache, vomiting, and motor aphasia. She was 20 days post-partum and had a lower than normal food intake following a normal vaginal delivery. Brain magnetic resonance images revealed a bilateral corpus callosum and corona radiata infarction. MR venography (MRV) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images showed a signal void in the anterior aspect of the superior sagittal sinus and inferior sagittal sinus, ophthalmic vein expansion, and the reversed direction of venous flow. In addition, images showed non-visualization of the left transverse sinus. The left slender sigmoid sinus and small internal jugular vein were also noted. The diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis was considered based on the above findings. The patient was managed with anticoagulation therapy, and recovered substantially after treatment.
Conclusions
Bilateral corpus callosum and corona radiata infarction is very rare. However, for patients who clinically show cranial hypertension and neurological deficits during the puerperium period, the possibility of CVST should be considered. Furthermore, DSA plays an important role in the diagnosis of CVST, and should be routinely checked. Early diagnosis is crucial for the patient suffering from CVST.
According to the survey of Bartolini et al,2 pediatric neurologists were more likely to repeat the first-line immunotherapy when compared with adult neurologists and pediatric rheumatologists. ...the ...commonest prescribed drugs were mycophenolate mofetil, and followed by azathioprine. In conjunction with two previous surveys, we suggest that the zones of the agreement to be used as a step toward the establishment of standardized treatment guidelines and research protocols should focus on clinical trials. Prof. Jing Peng, Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410005, ChinaE-Mail: pengjing4346@163.com How to cite this article:
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