Lithium (Li) metal battery is considered the most promising next‐generation battery due to its low potential and high theoretical capacity. However, Li dendrite growth causes serious safety problems. ...Herein, the 15‐Crown‐5 (15‐C‐5) is reported as an electrolyte additive based on solvation shell regulation. The strong complex effect between Li+ ion and 15‐C‐5 can reduce the concentration of Li ions on the electrode surface, thus changing the nucleation, and repressing the growth of Li dendrites in the plating process. Significantly, the strong coordination of Li+/15‐C‐5 would be able to make them aggregate around the Li crystal surface, which could form a protective layer and favor the formation of a smooth and dense solid electrolyte interphase with high toughness and Li+ ion conductivity. Therefore, the electrolyte system with 2.0 wt% 15‐C‐5 achieves excellent electrochemical performance with 170 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2 with capacity of 0.5 mA h cm−2 in symmetric Li|Li cells. The obviously enhanced cycle and rate performance are also achieved in Li|LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) full cells. The 15‐C‐5 demonstrates to be a promising additive for the electrolytes toward safe and efficient Li metal batteries.
Owing to the strong coordination ability, 15‐Crown‐5 (15‐C‐5) ether can coordinate with Li+ to form a Li+/15‐C‐5 protective layer in Li surface and favor the formation of smooth and dense solid electrolyte interphase films with high Li+ conductivity. This is found to be effective to enable high‐performance electrolytes for Li metal batteries with a life span of 170 cycles.
Highlights
For the first time, we fully presented the recent progress of the application of NaTi
2
(PO
4
)
3
on sodium-ion batteries including non-aqueous batteries, aqueous batteries, aqueous ...batteries with desalination, and sodium-ion hybrid capacitors.
The unique NASICON structure of NaTi
2
(PO
4
)
3
and the various strategies on improving the performance of NaTi
2
(PO
4
)
3
electrode have been presented and summarized in detail.
Several emerging energy storage technologies and systems have been demonstrated that feature low cost, high rate capability, and durability for potential use in large-scale grid and high-power applications. Owing to its outstanding ion conductivity, ultrafast Na-ion insertion kinetics, excellent structural stability, and large theoretical capacity, the sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-structured insertion material NaTi
2
(PO
4
)
3
(NTP) has attracted considerable attention as the optimal electrode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and Na-ion hybrid capacitors (NHCs). On the basis of recent studies, NaTi
2
(PO
4
)
3
has raised the rate capabilities, cycling stability, and mass loading of rechargeable SIBs and NHCs to commercially acceptable levels. In this comprehensive review, starting with the structures and electrochemical properties of NTP, we present recent progress in the application of NTP to SIBs, including non-aqueous batteries, aqueous batteries, aqueous batteries with desalination, and sodium-ion hybrid capacitors. After a thorough discussion of the unique NASICON structure of NTP, various strategies for improving the performance of NTP electrode have been presented and summarized in detail. Further, the major challenges and perspectives regarding the prospects for the use of NTP-based electrodes in energy storage systems have also been summarized to offer a guideline for further improving the performance of NTP-based electrodes.
The solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) generated between the electrode and the electrolyte strongly influences the performance of batteries. As the most attractive next‐generation energy storage ...system with ultrahigh energy density, the development of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has been greatly plagued by the uncontrollable lithium (Li) dendrite and serious electrolyte decomposition resulting from the self‐derived unstable SEI with poor properties. In this perspective, the recent progress of regulating the nature and composition of the SEI to stabilize the Li metal in LMBs is summarized, followed by a discussion of the formation mechanism and the property of the SEI. The strategies for constructing a stable SEI are summarized, for example, design of a compatible electrolyte with the anode, adding self‐sacrificing additives or solvation control additives, and the regulation of nonfaradaic electric adsorption and desorption progress. Finally, the guideline for the rational design of the SEI is proposed.
Graphical
In this perspective, the properties of ideal solid electrolyte interphase are discussed, and the corresponding strategies for solid electrolyte interphase regulation in lithium metal batteries are also proposed.
Lithium metal batteries suffer from short lifespans and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) due to the high reactivity of Li and the poor stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, we ...propose the concept of a pseudo-concentrated electrolyte (PCE) induced by an electron-deficient additive (4-pyridylboronic acid; 4-PBA) to form a robust, LiF-rich SEI, thus addressing the above issues. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that 4-PBA can increase the coordination number of PF6- anions in the Li+ solvation sheath to achieve pseudo-concentrated LiPF6 in the electrolyte. Moreover, the 4-PBA can scavenge harmful PF5 decomposed from LiPF6 to stabilize the LiF-rich SEI. The resulting robust LiF-rich SEI promotes Li growth along the SEI/Li interface and represses the growth of Li dendrites. Thus, excellent performance is achieved, with a high CE of 97.1% for a Li||Cu cell at 1.0 mA cm−2, and over 950 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2 for Li||Li symmetric cells with 1.0 wt% 4-PBA electrolyte. Meanwhile, the resulting stable boron-containing cathode electrolyte interphase enables Li||LiNi0·6Co0·2Mn0·2O2 (NCM622) cells to achieve excellent stability, with a capacity retention of 86.9% after 200 cycles.
We propose the concept of a pseudo-concentrated electrolyte that helps in the formation of a robust LiF-rich SEI for uniform Li deposition, which is realized by the induction of 4-pyridineboronic acid (4-PBA) to increase PF6− coordination with Li+. Display omitted
•The concept of a pseudo-concentrated electrolyte is presented.•4-pyridylboronic acid can increase the coordination number of PF6– anions in the Li+ solvation sheath.•As an additive, 4-pyridylboronic acid can have a pseudo-concentrated effect on electrolytes.•4-pyridylboronic acid can scavenge harmful PF5 in the electrolyte.
Lithium batteries are currently the most popular and promising energy storage system, but the current lithium battery technology can no longer meet people's demand for high energy density devices. ...Increasing the charge cutoff voltage of a lithium battery can greatly increase its energy density. However, as the voltage increases, a series of unfavorable factors emerges in the system, causing the rapid failure of lithium batteries. To overcome these problems and extend the life of high‐voltage lithium batteries, electrolyte modification strategies have been widely adopted. Under this content, this review first introduces the degradation mechanism of lithium batteries under high cutoff voltage, and then presents an overview of the recent progress in the modification of high‐voltage lithium batteries using electrolyte modification strategies. Finally, the future direction of high‐voltage lithium battery electrolytes is also proposed.
High‐voltage lithium batteries have some challenges, e.g., electrolyte decomposition, parasitic oxidation reaction, transition metal dissolution and surface cracks and phase changes in regards with cathodes. In this review, we will overview the recent progress in the modification of high‐voltage lithium batteries using electrolyte modification strategies, and propose future research directions.
High-precision dynamic traffic noise maps can describe the spatial and temporal distributions of noise and are necessary for actual noise prevention. Existing monitoring point-based methods suffer ...from limited spatial adaptability, and prediction model-based methods are limited by the requirements for traffic and environmental parameter specifications. Road surveillance video data are effective for computing and analyzing dynamic traffic-related factors, such as traffic flow, vehicle speed and vehicle type, and environmental factors, such as road material, weather and vegetation. Here, we propose a road surveillance video-based method for high-precision dynamic traffic noise mapping. First, it identifies dynamic traffic elements and environmental elements from videos. Then, elements are converted from image coordinates to geographic coordinates by video calibration. Finally, we formalize a dynamic noise mapping model at the lane level. In an actual case analysis, the average error is 1.53 dBA. As surveillance video already has a high coverage rate in most cities, this method can be deployed to entire cities if needed.
The performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is determined by many factors from the bulk electrolyte to the electrode‐electrolyte interphases, which are crucially affected by electrolyte ...additives. Herein, the authors develop the heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBMZ) as a hexa‐functional additive to inhibit the dendrite growth on the surface of lithium (Li) anode, and then improve the cycling performance and rate capabilities of Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622). The HFBMZ can remove the trace H2O and HF from the electrolyte, reducing the by‐products on the surface of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and inhibiting the dissolution of metal ions from NCM622. Also, the HFBMZ can enhance the wettability of the separator to promote uniform Li deposition. HFBMZ can make Li+ easy to be desolvated, resulting in the increase of Li+ flux on Li anode surface. Moreover, the HFBMZ can optimize the composition and structure of SEI. Therefore, the Li||Li symmetrical cells with 1 wt% HFBMZ‐contained electrolyte can achieve stable cycling for more than 1200 h at 0.5 mA cm–2. In addition, the capacity retention rate of the Li||NCM622 can reach 92% after 150 cycles at 100 mA g–1.
Heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBMZ) can be used as a hexa‐functional additive to remove trace H2O and HF from electrolyte, enhance the wettability of separator, make Li+ desolvated easily, and obtain stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and CEI to improve the performance of lithium metal battery.
This roadmap demonstrates a series of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, black phosphorus, oxides, layered double hydroxides, chalcogenides, bismuth-based layered compounds, MXenes, ...metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and others, for environmental catalysis.
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Environmental catalysis has drawn a great deal of attention due to its clean ways to produce useful chemicals or carry out some chemical processes. Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis play important roles in these fields. They can decompose and remove organic pollutants from the aqueous environment, and prepare some fine chemicals. Moreover, they also can carry out some important reactions, such as O2 reduction reaction (ORR), O2 evolution reaction (OER), H2 evolution reaction (HER), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), and N2 fixation (NRR). For catalytic reactions, it is the key to develop high-performance catalysts to meet the demand for targeted reactions. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted great interest in environmental catalysis due to their unique layered structures, which offer us to make use of their electronic and structural characteristics. Great progress has been made so far, including graphene, black phosphorus, oxides, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), chalcogenides, bismuth-based layered compounds, MXenes, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and others. This content drives us to invite many famous groups in these fields to write the roadmap on two-dimensional nanomaterials for environmental catalysis. We hope that this roadmap can give the useful guidance to researchers in future researches, and provide the research directions.
Since bus prioritization policies can help mitigate urban traffic jams, the planning of bus lanes has drawn considerable attention. Existing methods suffer from a common limitation, which is that the ...limited spatial adaptability resulting from certain road condition information cannot be directly specified. Many bus GPS trajectories have been accumulated and can be contiguously gathered if needed. This paper proposes a trajectory-based bus lane planning method. First, we formulize the bus lane planning problem as a multiobjective optimization problem in which the road conditions, traffic flow, connectivity of bus lanes, and construction cost are organized as four constraints, and road utilization and bus punctuality are modeled as two objectives. Then, an evolutionary algorithm-based method is presented to solve the problem. We tested the model in the Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, China. Through a comparison with existing survey-based methods, the parameters associated with road conditions in this method are directly extracted from GPS trajectories, and this method is more effectively deployed than other methods. Since GPS trajectories can cover a wide area if needed, and because the proposed method can be effectively executed, this method can be adapted to large urban scales.
The occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is caused by a variety of factors and associated with increased risks of several adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. However, the ...effects of epidural labor analgesia in parturients with GDM on maternal and infant outcomes have not been characterized.
According to parturients' choice, they were divided into the epidural group (
= 133) and no epidural (control) group (
= 135). Data for relative variables in the perinatal period were collected, and the potential associations of epidural labor analgesia with infant outcomes were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
The rate of neonatal admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for hypoglycemia was higher in the epidural group (7.52%) than in the control group (1.48%;
< 0.05). Epidural labor analgesia and drug-based diabetes control were independent predictors of the rate of neonate transfer to the NICU for hypoglycemia.
Epidural labor analgesia was associated with an increased risk of neonatal transfer to the NICU for hypoglycemia. Thus, monitoring of neonatal blood glucose levels after administration of epidural labor analgesia in parturients with GDM may be beneficial.
The study was registered in the China Clinical Registration Center (Registration No. ChiCTR-OOC-17013164, Registered on 30 October 2017).
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