CuIn(S,Se)2 (CISS) powders with varying S/S + Se ratios were synthesized by mechanochemical process (MCP) and a self -propagating combustion occurred during milling. Influence of S content on the ...structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Morphology of CISS powders was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characteristic peaks of the chalcopyrite structure are clearly observed and CISS (112) peaks shifts to higher value as S content was increased. Lattice constants for CISS samples decrease with the S content increased. Moreover, the large size mismatch between S and Se atoms leads to the lattice parameters negative deviate from Vegard's law. The Raman A1 mode of the chalcopyrite CISS has been observed, and InxSey and CuS has been also detected in some samples. The morphology observation of CISS powders shows that the uniformity of particle size distribution decreases with increasing sulfur content. The ignition time of Cu-In-S-Se self-propagating reaction was extended with the increase of sulfur content and the possible reason has been explained. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of Cu-In-S-Se system has also been discussed.
•CuIn(S,Se)2 powders were synthesized by mechanochemical process.•Lattice constants of CuIn(S,Se)2 decrease with S increased.•Mismatch between S and Se leads to negative deviations of the lattice parameters.•Ignition time of Cu-In-S-Se was prolonged with the increase of sulfur content.•The reaction mechanism of Cu-In-S-Se system was discussed.
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received significant attention due to their exceptional electrical and optical properties. Among these 2D ...materials, ReSsub.2 distinguishes itself through its unique optical and conductance anisotropy. Despite concerted efforts to produce high-quality ReSsub.2, the unique interlayer decoupling properties pose substantial challenges in growing large-area ReSsub.2 thin films, with the preparation of single layers proving even more complex. In this work, large-scale continuous monolayer and bilayer ReSsub.2 films were successfully grown on mica substrates using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). Photodetectors were fabricated using the prepared high-quality ReSsub.2 films, and the devices presented stable photoresponse and enhanced response sensitivity. The production of continuous ReSsub.2 atomic layers heralds promising prospects for large-scale integrated circuits and advances the practical application of optoelectronics based on 2D layered materials.
CuIn(S,Se)2 (CISS) powders with varying S/S + Se ratios were synthesized by mechanochemical process (MCP) and a self -propagating combustion occurred during milling. Influence of S content on the ...structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Morphology of CISS powders was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Characteristic peaks of the chalcopyrite structure are clearly observed and CISS (112) peaks shifts to higher value as S content was increased. Lattice constants for CISS samples decrease with the S content increased. Moreover, the large size mismatch between S and Se atoms leads to the lattice parameters negative deviate from Vegard's law. The Raman A1 mode of the chalcopyrite CISS has been observed, and InxSey and CuS has been also detected in some samples. The morphology observation of CISS powders shows that the uniformity of particle size distribution decreases with increasing sulfur content. The ignition time of Cu-In-S-Se self-propagating reaction was extended with the increase of sulfur content and the possible reason has been explained. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism of Cu-In-S-Se system has also been discussed.
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has become a central issue in any forest ecosystem. However, there are few studies on the interaction of environmental factors ...based on the history of subtropical forest disturbance. In this study, we intended to disentangle the relationship between different aspects of biodiversity and biomass or biomass change when considering the environmental factors of 34 subtropical forest plots in Zhejiang Province, eastern China. We used linear models to analyze the effects of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plot level of tree biomass and its growth with or without environmental factors. Taxonomic diversity and functional diversity, rather than phylogenetic diversity, showed significant correlations with biomass and biomass growth. We further found that there was a positive linear relationship between biomass or biomass growth and mean annual temperature and altitude. In addition, the relationship between biomass growth and functional diversity was significantly stronger than the relationship between biomass growth and phylogenetic diversity or taxonomic diversity when environmental factors and stand developmental stages were considered. Our results suggested that the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is dependent upon the selection of diversity index and environmental conditions.
To estimate the incidence and susceptible factors of fatal toxic effects related to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs).
PubMed and Embase were thoroughly searched ...for clinical trials based on the following terms and corresponding Medical Subject Heading ones: "erlotinib", "gefitinib", "afatinib", "dacomitinib", "osimertinib", and "non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)". A total of 53 eligible cohorts with 9,569 participants were collected.
A total of 105 cases of fatal toxic effects related to EGFR-TKIs occurred in 53 cohorts. The overall incidence was 1.33% 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.63%. The odds and incidence were apparently higher in Japanese group (compared with non-East Asian group) 2.72
. 1.30, P=0.015; odds ratio (OR): 2.26, 95% CI: 1.17-4.37, P=0.015, in first-line treatment group (compared with EGFR-TKI retreatment group) (1.54
. 0.69, P=0.028; OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.10-5.26, P=0.028), and in the trial phase II (compared with trial phase III) (1.82%
. 1.11%, P=0.009; OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.15-2.62, P=0.009). Notably, the Japanese group was higher than non-East Asian group after controlling for the treatment-line and trial phase (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.12-4.16, P=0.022). Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was predominant in 29 fatal causes followed by pneumonia, respiratory failure and diarrhea.
The overall incidence of fatal toxic effects related to EGFR-TKIs was 1.33%, and the major fatal cause was ILD, followed by pneumonia, respiratory failure and diarrhea. The susceptible factor of fatal toxic effects related to EGFR-TKIs was the Japanese group. This study provided a capability for clinicians to predict and detect high-risk populations of fatal toxic effects.
Refining a Professional Network Wilhelm, Anne Garrison; Woods, Dawn; del Rosal, Karla ...
Teacher education quarterly (Claremont, Calif.),
07/2020, Letnik:
47, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A considerable body of research has suggested that without appropriate supports and learning opportunities on the job, beginning teachers are unlikely to develop effective instructional practices and ...find success. Informal supports, such as teachers’ advice networks, have received less attention in research and policy yet can serve as substantial supports for teachers’ development. In this study, we follow Baker-Doyle and define a teacher’s intentional professional network (IPN) to be the set of people to whom the teacher chooses to go for advice or information about teaching. In this study, we investigated how first-year teachers participating in an alternative certification partnership were supported by different individuals over the course of their first year of teaching. In particular, we analyzed their IPNs, collected via survey, to understand exactly which individuals these first-year teachers sought out for advice or information about teaching and, using complementary interview data, investigated why the teachers included those individuals in their professional networks. In addition to reasons for selecting particular individuals within IPNs, we also discuss implications for designing and implementing formal supports for first-year teachers.
Understanding First-Year Teachers' Advice Seeking Wilhelm, Anne Garrison; Woods, Dawn; del Rosal, Karla ...
Teacher education quarterly (Claremont, Calif.),
06/2020, Letnik:
47, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A considerable body of research has suggested that without appropriate supports and learning opportunities on the job, beginning teachers are unlikely to develop effective instructional practices and ...find success. Informal supports, such as teachers' advice networks, have received less attention in research and policy yet can serve as substantial supports for teachers' development. In this study, we follow Baker-Doyle and define a teacher's intentional professional network (IPN) to be the set of people to whom the teacher chooses to go for advice or information about teaching. In this study, we investigated how first-year teachers participating in an alternative certification partnership were supported by different individuals over the course of their first year of teaching. In particular, we analyzed their IPNs, collected via survey, to understand exactly which individuals these first-year teachers sought out for advice or information about teaching and, using complementary interview data, investigated why the teachers included those individuals in their professional networks. In addition to reasons for selecting particular individuals within IPNs, we also discuss implications for designing and implementing formal supports for first-year teachers.
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) type-II van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions have emerged as promising candidates for high-performance photodetectors. However, direct experimental evidence ...confirming the enhancement of photoelectric properties by the heterojunction’s type and structure remains scarce. In this work, we present flexible photodetectors based on individual GaSe and MoSsub.2, as well as a vertically stacked type-II GaSe/MoSsub.2 vdW heterojunction on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. These devices demonstrate outstanding responsivities and rapid response speeds, ensuring stable and repeatable light detection. It is notable that the GaSe/MoSsub.2 heterojunction photodetector exhibits the highest on-off ratio and fastest response speed, attributed to the formation of type-II band alignment. Furthermore, the GaSe/MoSsub.2 heterojunction photodetector maintains robust stability even in a bent state, highlighting remarkable flexibility. This work exemplifies the type-II vdW heterojunctions in enhancing photoelectric properties through direct in-situ experimentation, laying the groundwork for practical applications of 2D flexible photodetectors.
This study aims to explore the importance of family financial support from adult children to their older parents in Hong Kong and South Korea. These two societies share some similar social ...circumstances. For example, both societies are facing dynamically rapid ageing and possessing the traditional Confucian value of filial piety. Based on these social contexts, we firstly investigate the conceptual framework on family financial support by reviewing related theories. We secondly examine the World Bank pension multi-pillars of both societies to understand the role of family financial support to secure older people's income. We thirdly address relevant social policy programmes to examine how both governments encourage family financial support. We fourthly employ empirical data to investigate how family financial support is important in both the societies. In addition, we compare the differences and similarities of their family financial support in light of contextual background, the World Bank multi-pillar framework, relevant social policies, and empirical data. Through this, this study is expected to enrich our understanding of the characteristics and role of family financial support of both societies. Moreover, it is hoped that this paper can provide some insights about the future prospect of welfare development for older people in Hong Kong.
Cd sub(1-x)Zn sub(x)S thin films were grown on soda-lime glass substrates by chemical-bath deposition (CBD) at 80 degree C with stirring. All the samples were annealed at 200 degree C for 60 min in ...the air. The crystal structure, surface morphology, thickness and optical properties of the films were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), step height measurement instrument and spectrophotometer respectively. The results revealed that Cd sub(1-x)Zn sub(x)S thin films had cubic crystal structure and the intensity of the diffraction peak increased gradually as ammonia concentration rose and the grain size varied from 5.1 to 8.3 nm. All of Cd sub(1-x)Zn sub(x)S thin films had a granular surface with some smaller pores and the average granule sizes increased from 92 to 163 nm with an increase in ammonia concentration. The Cd sub(1-x)Zn sub(x)S thin films had the highest transmittance with ammonia concentration of 0.5 M L super(-1), whose thickness was 50 nm and band gap was 2.62 eV.
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