•ATBs administration was negatively associated with ICIs efficacy in malignancies.•The time of ATBs exposure might impact ICIs efficacy.•The impact of ATBs on anti-PD-(L)1 may overweigh anti-CTLA-4.
...Pre-clinical and clinical data had revealed the gut microbiome plays a critical role in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy. This study was designed to investigate whether antibiotics (ATBs) affect the prognosis of malignancies treated with ICIs.
Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant trials that evaluated the impact of ATBs on ICIs efficacy. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) measured by HRs with corresponding 95%CIs. Subgroup analyses were performed based on cancer type, study design, ICIs agent, and time of ATBs administration.
Totally, 12,492 individuals in the 44 cohorts were recruited. Pooled results showed that ATBs administration was significantly correlated with a worse objective remission rate (ORR) (OR = 0.61, 95%CI (0.42–0.90), P = 0.0128), PFS (HR = 1.18, 95%CI (1.11–1.25), P < 0.0001), and OS (HR = 1.20, 95%CI (1.15–1.25), P < 0.0001) in patients treated with ICIs. In subgroup analyses, patients treated with ICIs exposed to ATBs suffered an evidently worse ORR in arms of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (OR = 0.30, 95%CI (0.14–0.67), P = 0.0034), multiple (OR = 0.44, 95%CI (0.27–0.73), P = 0.0016), and before ICIs initiation (OR = 0.47, 95%CI (0.32–0.71), P = 0.0003) without heterogeneity; experienced a worse PFS and OS in arms of non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, RCC, urothelial carcinoma, multiple, prospective, retrospective, PD-(L)1 alone, PD-(L)1 plus CTLA-4, before ICIs initiation, before ICIs initiation and concurrent, and before or after ICIs within 1 month, while a better PFS and OS in concurrent with ICIs arm.
ATBs administration was negatively associated with ORR, PFS and OS in malignancies treated with ICIs, while the time of ATBs exposure might impact ICIs efficacy.
Purpose
This study aimed at investigating the value of applying positron emission tomography (PET) to early predict the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in malignant tumors.
Methods
...Electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant trials. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The results were analyzed utilizing SPSS 19.0 statistical software. Subgroup analyses were implemented based on primary tumors, study designs, continents, type of ICIs, evaluation index of PET, and evaluated PET timing.
Results
Fifteen studies incorporating 664 individuals were eligible. Compared with PET nonresponse group, PET response group displayed a significantly prolonged PFS (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.16, 0.44;
P
< 0.001) and OS (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.48, 0.65;
P
< 0.001). Analogical outcomes were obtained in subgroup analyses of PFS in non-small cell lung cancer, prospective, America, ipilimumab, nivolumab/pembrolizumab combined ipilimumab, PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST), baseline PET and early PET timing arms without heterogeneity; so did OS in melanoma, retrospective, Europe, America, ipilimumab, nivolumab/pembrolizumab, PERCIST, baseline metabolic tissue volume, baseline standard uptake value, and baseline total lesion glycolysis, baseline PET timing, early PET timing and late PET timing arms.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that PET was a promising approach to early predict the prognosis of ICIs for malignancies.
The relationship between vitamin D levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unestablished. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between vitamin D levels and NAFLD ...based on population survey data. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Liver steatosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between vitamin D status and NAFLD. A total of 9,782 participants were identified in this analysis, with 46.8% male and an average age of 44.41±0.16 y old. Among them, 6,047 (61.8%) cases were without NAFLD, 1,357 (13.9%) had mild NAFLD, 1,594 (16.3%) had moderate and 784 (8.0%) had severe NAFLD. Compared to those with non-NAFLD or mild NAFLD, patients in the moderate to severe NAFLD group had higher vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency rates (12.4% vs 11.5% and 36.8% vs 33.2%, respectively). After adjustment for male gender, older age, race, BMI, history of diabetes and vitamin D intake, vitamin D levels were independently associated with the severity of NAFLD (vitamin D deficiency group OR: 1.314, 95% CI: 1.129 to 1.529, vitamin D insufficiency group OR: 1.203, 95% CI: 1.090 to 1.328). Besides that, cold season was also found to be an independent factor for NAFLD (OR: 0.896, 95% CI: 0.820 to 0.979). Lower vitamin D level is an independent risk factor for NAFLD. Vitamin D levels are inversely associated with the severity of NAFLD. Cold season increases the risk of NAFLD independently.
Orphans and vulnerable children fall under the category of children who are at risk of exposure to more stressful circumstances and receive less social assistance compared to other children. This ...study aims to investigate the impact of group counseling based on social intervention and psychological therapy (SSGPC) on social support and the perceived stress growth of orphans and vulnerable children. In one special educational needs school in Nanning, China, the SSGPC was developed and implemented. Using the social support and post-stress growth scales, the researchers investigated the effects of SSGPC on orphans and vulnerable children. Twenty-seven orphans and vulnerable children between the ages of nine and 12 were arbitrarily assigned to the experimental and control groups. A pre-test post-test method of quasi-experimental design was applied, with 13 participants in the experimental group and 14 in the control group. The results revealed that the intervention group had significantly higher scores for social support and post-stress growth than the control group. The SSGPC had significantly improved the levels of social support for orphans. The findings indicated that the SSGPC provided an effective way to improve social support and post-stress growth of orphans and vulnerable children.
SnO
2
nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a novel one-pot route using two various Sn salts of SnCl
4
·5H
2
O and SnCl
2
·2H
2
O as raw materials, respectively. The ...thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and gas sensitivity measurement were characterized to determine the influences of salt type and calcination temperature on the thermal effect, crystal structure, crystallite size and gas sensitivity of SnO
2
nanoparticles. Results indicated that the two series of samples had different crystallization process, crystallite size and gas sensitivity changed with calcination temperature. SnCl
4
·5H
2
O helped to promote crystallization, but SnCl
2
·2H
2
O suppressed the crystallization and crystallite growth even at the same calcination temperature. SnO
2
nanoparticles calcined at 500 °C using SnCl
4
·5H
2
O and 250 °C using SnCl
2
·2H
2
O displayed better gas sensitivity because of high crystallinity and small crystallite size, possibly decreasing the number of boundary defects which can cause electron recombination as well as providing more reaction cites, respectively.
Undeniably, technology has become an integral part of education across all disciplines. Over the past decades, significant technological advancements, such as the normalization of computers and the ...popularization of mobile devices, have transformed and revolutionized our learning paradigms. Education has transitioned from the bricks-and-mortar, teacher fronted, and textbook-based teaching to out-of-class, student-centered, and inquiry-based learning. Since 2020, emerging technologies such as the Metaverse and artificial intelligence have shown great potential in expanding learning opportunities, ranging from the location of learning and teaching, the student-teacher machine interactions, to different modes of instruction and learning. In particular, the Metaverse has the power to transform the way peer feedback is provided, which is an essential aspect of effective education. This position paper aims to shed some light on the intersection of peer feedback and the Metaverse. It starts with a review of the classic sociocultural learning theory and the historical use of technology to support peer feedback, followed by an introduction to the definition and features of the Metaverse technology. Then, the paper proposes a tentative model about how the Metaverse can be utilized to facilitate peer feedback. It ends with important questions for educators and learners to contemplate in order to make the most of this new technology in improving the provision and uptake of peer feedback.
The goal of this synthesis is to review literature on the use of telecollaborative pedagogy for the purpose of language teacher education in order to identify themes in teacher intercultural ...telecollaborative learning. The synthesis reviews 36 telecollaborative studies that were published between 2009 and 2019 and focused on teacher professional development. Thematic analyses of the 36 studies revealed six themes: (a) changes in the focus from exploring telecollaborative learning to examining its application for teacher learning of new competences related to intercultural learning, technology integration, and telecollaboration integration; (b) conceptualization and design of telecollaboration as experiential learning for teacher professional development; (c) intentional enhancement of the transferability of new competences to future teaching; (d) teaching presence and expanded roles of project instructors; (e) explorations of teachers' changing attitudes and perceptions of telecollaborative learning; and (f) teacher preparedness for addressing challenges occurring in telecollaboration. Finally, this systematic review discusses the interrelationship among the six themes and offers implications for future research and practice in line with the current findings.
ZnS thin films had been deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method onto glass substrates in alkaline liquor. Thickness, surface morphology, structure and transmittance of ZnS thin films ...deposited at different temperatures (75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C and 95°C) were measured. Microstructure and chemical composition of the deposited thin films were confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and its attaching energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that ZnS thin film thicknesses are about 73–200nm. SEM results reveal that annealing make some particles grow up and the surface smooth and even through comparing the surface morphology before and after annealing. TEM and EDS analysis results indicate that the annealed thin films contain Zn and S and have microcrystalline structure. The ZnS thin films have high transmittance of about 78% in the range of 350–800nm. The transmittance of annealed ZnS thin film is lower than that of deposited ZnS thin film in the range of 350–800nm.
► ZnS films were deposited by chemical bath deposition method at different temperatures. ► The ZnS film thicknesses are about 73–200nm. ► Annealing makes some particles grow up and the surface smooth. ► The annealed films contain Zn and S and have a microcrystalline structure. ► The ZnS films had high transmittance of about 78% in the range of 350–800nm.
CdS thin films were prepared by chemical-bath deposition (CBD) from a bath containing thiourea, acetic cadmium, ammonia and ammonium acetate in an aqueous solution onto glass substrates at various ...bath temperatures. Spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), step height measurement instrument, digital four-point probe resistance measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize their properties. The diffraction peak which appeared at 26.5° becomes obvious after annealing. The thicknesses of CdS films obtained at 70 to 90°C are at the range of 60–110nm. The transmittance of the CdS films increases rapidly as the wavelength increases when the wavelength of incident light is less than 550nm. The transmittance becomes above 70% when the incident wavelength is larger than 550nm. The transmittance of the CdS films decreases as the bath temperature increases.
► The annealing process can improve the crystallinity of CdS films. ► High quality CdS thin films were obtained when the bath temperature was at 70–80°C. ► The particle sizes of deposited thin films are smaller than that of the annealed ones. ► The annealed film transmittance is above 70% when wavelength is larger than 550nm. ► Transmittance of annealed CdS film is lower than the deposited ones from 550nm.
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