Studies on the association between adiponectin and leptin and anxiety and depression among postmenopausal women are limited. Therefore, the present study specifically evaluates the mutual ...relationships between adiponectin and leptin and anxiety and depression in postmenopausal women.
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 190 women aged 40-65 years were enrolled. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Fasting specimens were collected to measure sex hormone, glucose, insulin, and adipokine levels. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between depression and anxiety and adipocyte-derived hormones.
The study was performed in a hospital medical center.
Among 190 enrolled postmenopausal women, Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between CES-D and HAM-A (r = 0.715, P < 0.0001), between CES-D and adiponectin (p = 0.009) and leptin (p = 0.015), and between HAM-A and adiponectin (p = 0.01) and leptin (p = 0.001). The subjects with CES-D ≥ 16 and with HAM-A ≥ 18 had higher adiponectin levels than those with CES-D < 16 and HAM-A < 18, respectively. After adjusting for age, body mass index, exercise, alanine amino transferase and parameters of lipid profiles, Log adiponectin levels were found to be significantly associated with both CES-D and HAM-A, and Log leptin levels were only significantly associated with HAM-A.
The data show that adiponectin and leptin levels are significantly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. These results suggest that higher adiponectin and lower leptin levels may serve as potential markers related to anxiety and mood in postmenopausal women. More future research that is designed to deal with the important confounders (e.g., population heterogeneity) is needed to investigate comprehensively on these associations.
•An integrated view on different protein kinases and sirtuins in MSCs is provided.•The regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism in MSCs are summarized.•Recent advances in mitochondrial ...dynamics and transfer are discussed.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized to have the capacity of self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into mesoderm, ectoderm-like and endoderm-like cells. MSCs hold great promise for cell therapies due to their multipotency in vitro and therapeutic advantage of hypo-immunogenicity and lower tumorigenicity. Moreover, it has been shown that MSCs can serve as a vehicle to transfer mitochondria into cells after cell transplantation. Mitochondria produce most of the energy through oxidative phosphorylation in differentiated cells. It has been increasingly clear that the switch of energy supply from glycolysis to aerobic metabolism is essential for successful differentiation of MSCs. Post-translational modifications of proteins have been established to regulate mitochondrial function and metabolic shift during MSCs differentiation. In this article, we review and provide an integrated view on the roles of different protein kinases and sirtuins in the maintenance and differentiation of MSCs. Importantly, we provide evidence to suggest that alteration in the expression of Sirt3 and Sirt5 and relative changes in the acylation levels of mitochondrial proteins might be involved in the activation of mitochondrial function and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived MSCs. We summarize their roles in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, oxidative responses and differentiation of MSCs. On the other hand, we discuss recent advances in the study of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial transfer as well as their roles in the differentiation and therapeutic application of MSCs to improve cell function in vitro and in animal models. Accumulating evidence has substantiated that the therapeutic potential of MSCs is conferred not only by cell replacement and paracrine effects but also by transferring mitochondria into injured tissues or cells to modulate the cellular metabolism in situ. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism of MSCs may ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes of stem cell therapy in the future.
To provide comprehensive estimates of the global, regional, and national burden of infertility from 1990 to 2017, using findings from a 2017 study on the global burden of disease (GBD), we assessed ...the burden of infertility in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. DisMod-MR 2.1 is a Bayesian meta-regression method that estimates non-fatal outcomes using sparse and heterogeneous epidemiological data. Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rate of infertility increased by 0.370% per year for females and 0.291% per year for males from 1990 to 2017. Additionally, age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of infertility increased by 0.396% per year for females and 0.293% per year for males during the observational period. An increasing trend to these burden estimates was observed throughout the all socio-demographic index (SDI) countries. Interestingly, we found that high SDI countries had the lowest level of prevalence and DALYs in both genders. However, the largest increasing trend was observed in high-SDI countries for females. By contrast, low-SDI countries had the largest increasing trend in males. Negative associations were observed between these burden estimates and the SDI level. The global disease burden of infertility has been increasing throughout the period from 1990 to 2017.
Fast and efficient cleanup of crude oil spills is still a global challenge because most of the crude oils are highly viscous and lowly fluid. Herein, a kind of polydimethylsiloxane‐decorated wood ...carbon sponges (PDMS@WCS) with desirable compressibility and hydrophobicity for the fast adsorption and enhanced recovery of crude oil via the promotion of Joule‐heating and photothermal effect is reported. Moreover, the PDMS@WCS can be compressed and released at a constant strain of 50% for over times without structural damage due to the protection of PDMS coating. Thus, the adsorbed crude oil can be facilely excluded from PDMS@WCS under external pressure to show enhanced recovery.
Compressible and hydrophobic wood carbon sponges are elegantly fabricated from natural balsa woods and applied for the rapid recovery of high viscosity crude oil via the promotion of Joule‐heating and photothermal effect. Moreover, they possess a vertical porous structure inherited from natural wood that can greatly reduce the transport path of crude oil and increase the oil adsorption rate.
Intense light attenuation in water/wastewater results in photocatalysts exhibiting a low quantum efficiency. This study develops a novel piezoelectrocatalysis system, which involves quartz microrods ...(MRs) abundantly decorated with active‐edge‐site MoS2 nanosheets to form a quartz microrods@few‐layered MoS2 hierarchical heterostructure (QMSH). Through theoretical calculations, it is found that the quartz MRs serve as a parallel‐plate capacitor, which is self‐powered to provide an internal electric field to the few‐layered MoS2 nanosheets surrounding the quartz MR surfaces, and the piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) effectively facilitates redox reactions with the free carriers in MoS2. The self‐powered quartz MRs in the QMSH present an internal bias to the MoS2 nanosheets, thus yielding a piezoelectrocatalysis system. An efficient piezoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and decomposition of wastewater without light irradiation can be achieved simultaneously. The second‐order rate constant of the QMSH is ≈0.631 L mg−1 min−1, which is 650‐fold that of quartz MRs, indicating that the piezoelectric heterostructural catalysts display exceptionally high efficiency on piezoelectrocatalytic redox reactions rather than in the piezocatalytic process. The H2‐production rate of QMSH catalysts approaches ≈6456 µmo1 g−1 h−1 and peaks at ≈16.8 mmol g−1 in 8 h. The piezoelectrocatalytic process may be a promising method for treating industrial wastewater and producing clean energy.
A novel piezoelectrocatalysis system is developed, which involves quartz microrods abundantly decorated with active‐edge‐site MoS2 nanosheets to form a quartz microrods@few‐layered MoS2 hierarchical heterostructure (QMSH). The quartz microrods in the QMSH present an internal bias to the MoS2 nanosheets, thus yielding a piezoelectrocatalysis system. An efficient piezoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and decomposition of wastewater can be achieved simultaneously without light irradiation.
We propose all‐dielectric metasurfaces that can be actively re‐configured using the phase‐change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) alloy. With selectively controlled phase transitions on the composing GST ...elements, metasurfaces can be tailored to exhibit varied functionalities. Using phase‐change GST rod as the basic building block, we have modelled metamolecules with tunable optical response when phase change occurs on select constituent GST rods. Tunable gradient metasurfaces can be realized with variable supercell period consisting of different patterns of the GST rods in their amorphous and crystalline states. Simulation results indicate a range of functions can be delivered, including multilevel signal modulating, near‐field coupling of GST rods, and anomalous reflection angle controlling. This work opens up a new space in exploring active meta‐devices with broader applications that cannot be achieved in their passive counterparts with permanent properties once fabricated.
The all‐dielectric reconfigurable metasurfaces based on switchable phase‐change material Ge2Sb2Te5 with functional diversity for light modulation are shown. The tunability of EIT resonance on phase‐change metamolecule and the steering of gradient metasurface are demonstrated by selectively modifying the phase of selected constituent Ge2Sb2Te5 rods.
The current strategies for nanoelectrode functionalization usually involve sophisticated modification procedures, uncontrollable and unstable modifier assembly, as well as a limited variety of ...modifiers. To address this issue, we propose a versatile strategy for large‐scale synthesis of biomimetic molecular catalysts (BMCs) modified nanowires (NWs) to construct functionalized electrochemical nanosensors. This design protocol employs an easy, controllable and stable assembly of diverse BMCs‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) composites on conductive NWs. The intrinsic catalytic activity of BMCs combined with outstanding electron transfer ability of conductive polymer enables the nanosensors to sensitively and selectively detect various biomolecules. Further application of sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine functionalized nanosensors achieves real‐time electrochemical monitoring of intracellular glutathione levels and its redox homeostasis in single living cells for the first time.
Versatile and large‐scale synthesis of biomimetic molecular catalyst modified nanowires provides an innovative perspective for simple and stable construction of functionalized electrochemical nanosensors. Such nanosensors enable the sensitive and selective detection of diverse biomolecules, and for the first time achieve real‐time electrochemical monitoring of intracellular glutathione levels and its redox homeostasis in single living cells.
A modeling framework is proposed and validated to simulate turbine wakes and associated power losses in wind farms. It combines the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique with blade element theory and ...a turbine-model-specific relationship between shaft torque and rotational speed. In the LES, the turbulent subgrid-scale stresses are parameterized with a tuning-free Lagrangian scale-dependent dynamic model. The turbine-induced forces and turbine-generated power are modeled using a recently developed actuator-disk model with rotation (ADM-R), which adopts blade element theory to calculate the lift and drag forces (that produce thrust, rotor shaft torque and power) based on the local simulated flow and the blade characteristics. In order to predict simultaneously the turbine angular velocity and the turbine-induced forces (and thus the power output), a new iterative dynamic procedure is developed to couple the ADM-R turbine model with a relationship between shaft torque and rotational speed. This relationship, which is unique for a given turbine model and independent of the inflow condition, is derived from simulations of a stand-alone wind turbine in conditions for which the thrust coefficient can be validated. Comparison with observed power data from the Horns Rev wind farm shows that better power predictions are obtained with the dynamic ADM-R than with the standard ADM, which assumes a uniform thrust distribution and ignores the torque effect on the turbine wakes and rotor power. The results are also compared with the power predictions obtained using two commercial wind-farm design tools (WindSim and WAsP). These models are found to underestimate the power output compared with the results from the proposed LES framework.
•A new dynamic procedure is proposed to predict turbine power output in LES.•The new modeling framework is validated in simulations of the Horns Rev wind farm.•Power predictions using the new model are in good agreement with field data.•The new framework yields improved predictions compared with other modeling tools.
Epidemiological studies have investigated the relationship between infertility and the risk of ovarian cancer (OC); however, the results have been inconsistent. We therefore conducted the first ...meta‐analysis to update and quantify the aforementioned association based on prospective cohort studies. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases up to January 8, 2020. We extracted data from the studies and performed quality assessments. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Publication bias, and subgroup, meta‐regression and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. Nine prospective cohort studies with a total of 10 383 OC cases and 6 278 830 participants were included in the present study. The summary RR of the association between infertility and the risk of OC was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.35‐1.69), with low heterogeneity. Positive associations were observed in most subgroup analyses stratified by predefined factors, including region, duration of follow‐up, study quality, causes of infertility, invasiveness of OC, infertility treatment status and adjustment of potential confounding parameters. No significant publication bias was detected. Our findings suggest that infertility in women were associated with an increased risk of OC.
What's new?
To date, the epidemiological studies exploring the relationship between infertility and the risk of ovarian cancer have been inconclusive. For the first time, here the authors conducted a meta‐analysis of nine prospective cohort studies comprising 10 383 ovarian cancer cases and 6 278 830 participants. The findings suggest that infertility in women is associated with a 51% increased risk of ovarian cancer. Further studies are needed to disentangle the effects of specific causes of infertility in different histological subtypes of ovarian cancer.
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