Background
The best available evidence suggests that surgical intervention should be delayed where possible until four weeks after the onset of pancreatitis. Subgroups that may benefit from early or ...delayed intervention have not been identified.
Methods
This study reviewed a prospective database with 223 patients of necrotizing pancreatitis who received intervention. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare the results of different surgical timing.
Results
The median timing of intervention was 32 days. The mortality rates in the early (≤30 days) intervention and delayed intervention (>30 days) groups were 21 % (28/136) and 10 % (9/87), respectively (
P
= 0.04). In patients with persistent early organ failure, mortality and re-intervention rates were higher in the early group compared with the delayed group (23/61 vs. 3/21,
P
= 0.04; 17/61 vs. 2/21,
P
= 0.01). In patients without persistent early organ failure who underwent treatment, mortality rates, and re-intervention rates were similar between the early group and delayed group (5/75 vs. 6/66,
P
= 0.59; 7/75 vs. 3/66,
P
= 0.27). In patients with infected necrosis, mortality rate was similar with the early group and delayed group (17/77 vs. 7/57,
P
= 0.14).
Conclusion
Early intervention in patients without persistent organ failure showed similar outcomes with patients who received delayed intervention.
To enhance the time scale for entanglement recovery, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a molecular weight of approximately 9.2 × 10
6
gmol
−1
has been used. Rheological ...experiments were performed to monitor the melting kinetics of the disentangled melt prepared via solution casting. The successive frequency and strain sweep experiments showed that the processes of recovery of entanglements were quite clear in our experiments. It was observed that the entangled state influenced the border of the linear viscoelastic regime and the non-linear region. Complete re-entanglement time obtained by dynamics time-sweep experiment changed with the entanglement density and became unexpectedly longer in the disentangled sample. Meanwhile, the time-sweep experiments performed in the disentangled melt displayed that the gradual increasing of storage modulus in the initial has lagged behind and the time required for the modulus build up was relevant to the heating rate on melting. We suggested that an unusual behavior of melting kinetics of the disentangled sample caused the resultant heterogeneous melt having differences in local chain mobility, and hence an “immediate” loss in the disentangled state did not occur. Therefore, the level-off storage modulus on the onset of the following time-sweep experiment may be associated with the mixing of the distinguishable state of the heterogeneous distribution on melting.
Elevated CO
2
may reduce the tolerance of
Nilaparvata lugen
(
N. lugens
) to adverse environmental factors through the biological and physiological degeneration of
N. lugens
. In an artificial ...climate box, under 375 and 750 μL L
−1
CO
2
levels, the rice stems nutrient content, the nutrient content and enzyme activities of
N. lugens
nymph fed on rice seedlings exposed to ambient and elevated CO
2
were studied. The results showed that rice stems had significantly higher protein and total amino acid levels under ambient than elevated CO
2
levels. Nymphs had significantly higher protein levels in the ambient CO
2
treatment, while their glucose levels were significantly lower under ambient CO
2
conditions. Significantly higher trypsin activity was observed in nymphs grown in elevated CO
2
. Significantly lower activities of the protective enzymes total superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed in the nymphs under ambient CO
2
. Meanwhile, the activity of the detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase was significantly higher in the ambient CO
2
treatment. Measuring how energy and resources were allocated to enzymes in
N. lugens
nymphs under elevated CO
2
conditions can provide a more meaningful evaluation of their metabolic tolerances to adverse climatic conditions.
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