•BEV adoption analysis with 1.6 millon people for 3years travel behavior data is developed.•Human travel mode detection model and travel habit clustering model are proposed.•Diverse consumption ...attitudes are taken into consideration.•A novel weighted vehicle adoption potential metric is introduced.•The detailed advises for policy target response are presented.
With the pressing demand of climate change mitigation, the rapid technological development and market adoption of battery electric vehicles are imperative. However, the diverse consumption attitudes and their interactions, which are rarely considered, can significantly affect the adoption potential of battery electric vehicles. On the basis of three years of global positioning system data of 1.6 million people, we estimated the travel and adoption demands of battery electric vehicles in Japan considering diverse consumption attitudes. Under the current construction conditions for public charging systems and charging technologies, the adoption potential of battery electric vehicles may not be as promising as previously expected, and the government still faces great pressure to respond to the market share target. Given the current level of battery technology, technical and policy improvements such as fast charging, reducing the production cost, perfecting the public charging infrastructure, and increasing purchasing subsidies were found to be more effective than improving the battery capacity at increasing the adoption potential of battery electric vehicles.
Nisin Z is a possible alternative for treating bovine mastitis by inhibiting mastitis-causing pathogens and having anti-inflammatory activity. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of nisin Z on ...mastitis is unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of nisin Z on mastitis. Our results showed that nisin Z inhibited the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MCF10A cells. After intraperitoneal injection, nisin Z significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the mammary gland, as well as decreased myeloperoxidase and pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and mammary gland. Western blot analysis revealed that nisin Z also dramatically suppressed the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in LPS-induced mastitis mice. We also found that nisin Z treatment could enhance the blood-milk barrier. In summary, our study demonstrated that nisin Z exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway and promoting the blood-milk barrier on LPS-induced mastitis.
Nowadays, high-speed permanent magnet synchronous machines (HSPMSMs) are widely used in high-speed direct-drive applications. Moreover, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have attracted a lot of ...attention. In this paper, the mathematical model of the MMC for the HSPMSM was built on high- and low-speed regions, respectively, and the control of each model is completely decoupled. Moreover, energy balance control schemes based on the common mode current injection of the MMC with HSPMSM drive applications have been proposed for high- and low-speed cases, respectively. Based on this model, the controller is proposed for high- and low-speed cases, respectively. Simulation and experiment results indicate that the proposed energy balance control method for an MMC in the high-speed PMSM drive application exhibits significant performance, which can ensure the energy balance of the MMC and eliminate the circulating current of the MMC directly.
High-speed permanent magnet motors (HSPMMs) have received attention in direct drive systems from the industry. Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have become the most practical solution for HSPMMs ...in industrial applications due to the advantages of their highly modular structure, high-quality output and high reliability. In this article, the symmetrical discrete-time model of the MMC for the HSPMM drive is presented. Based on this symmetrical discrete-time model, the discrete-time current regulator has been designed. Moreover, the submodel (SM) capacitor energy balance models for MMC have been described, and the energy balance control scheme is introduced. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the presented discrete-time current regulator has a strong dynamic response at high speed (15 kr/min), and the SM capacitor voltage balance control is also achieved. Compared with the conventional PI current controller, the proposed discrete-time current regulator improves the current loop dynamic performance at high-speed, and the energy balance control scheme can ensure the SM capacitor voltage balance of the MMC.
Sustainable performance assessment has received extensive attention in the fields of transportation, energy management, and urban planning. Given that transportation has become a leading component of ...urban greenhouse gas emissions, combining sustainable performance assessment with transportation emissions is crucial to urban sustainability. In this study, pointed at the unbalance between urban development and transportation accessibility among urban central activities zones, a metric named potential traffic attraction is proposed based on improved gravitational model to measure urban sustainable performance. Meanwhile, the correlation between the traffic attraction and the high-emission traffic is generated via GPS trajectories, which could ensure the credibility of high-emission travel mode for the correlation model. Based on the obtained urban sustainable performance, the status of the central activities zones development in Tokyo(Japan) was analyzed, finally, several corresponding strategies in different sustainable development status were proposed. Our study demonstrated that the integration of both urban development and transportation owns tremendous capabilities for reducing vehicle emissions, and it could provide specific guidelines for urban planning and transportation policies on urban sustainable development.
•Potential traffic attraction is proposed for urban sustainable performance assessment.•Millions of trajectories data are adopted for vehicle emissions calculation.•Impact of urban sustainable performance on high-emission traffic is confirmed.•Status of central activities zones development is identified for emissions reduction.
Maternal folate has been shown to relate to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the existing studies have yielded inconsistent conclusions. The purpose of this study was to ...systematically review the association between maternal folate status and the risk of GDM. Observational studies up to 31 October 2022 were included. Study characteristics, the means and standard deviations (SDs) of folate levels (serum/red blood cell (RBC)), the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the time for folate measurement were extracted. Compared with the non-GDM group, serum and RBC folate levels in women with GDM were significantly higher. Our subgroup analysis demonstrated that serum folate levels in the GDM group were significantly higher than in the non-GDM group only in the second trimester. RBC folate levels in the GDM group were significantly higher than in the non-GDM group in the first and second trimesters. Taking serum/RBC folate levels as continuous variables, the adjusted odds ratios of GDM risk showed that increased serum folate concentration rather than RBC folate elevated the risk of GDM. In the descriptive analysis, five studies reported high serum folate levels increased GDM risk, whereas the other five showed no association between serum folate levels and GDM risk. Moreover, the rest three studies pointed out high RBC folate levels increased GDM risk. Altogether we found that the risk of GDM is associated with high serum/plasma and RBC folate levels. Future studies should determine the recommended folic acid cutoff balancing the risk for GDM and fetal malformations.
Schistosomes are the causative agent of schistosomiasis, which affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Unlike other trematode parasites, schistosomes (along with the Didymozoidae) have ...evolved separate sexes. Pairing of males and females is a prerequisite for female sexual development and subsequent egg production. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play important roles in many biological processes. In the present study, we characterized EVs isolated from adult male and female Schistosoma japonicum. Proteomic analyses of the isolated EVs revealed that some proteins are significantly enriched in male or female EVs. RNA-sequencing analysis of a small RNA population associated with EVs identified 18 miRNAs enriched in male and female S. japonicum EVs. Among these, miR-750 was specifically enriched in female EVs. Additionally, the inhibition of miR-750 by a miRNA inhibitor led to decreased egg production in female schistosomes cultured in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-750 within female EV cargo may be involved in regulating ovary development and egg production in S. japonicum females.
Sesbania cannabina (SC) is a protein-rich roughage that thrives under moderate-severe saline-alkali (MSSA) soils with the potential to relieve the shortage of high nutritive forage. Sweet sorghum ...(SS) also tolerates MSSA soils and contains rich fermentable carbohydrates which could improve the fermentation quality in mixed silage. The present study investigated the silage quality, bacterial community, and metabolome in the mixed silage of SC and SS (SC-SS) with or without lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculants. Four ratios (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, and 3:7) of SC and SS were treated with sterile water or LAB inoculants (homofermentative
and
, and heterofermentative
and
), which were analyzed after 60 days of ensiling. Results revealed that LAB inoculation improved the fermentation quality by increasing the lactic acid content and decreasing the ammonia nitrogen and butyric acid contents compared with the untreated group. LAB inoculation also raised the relative feed value by reducing indigestible fibers e.g., neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose. Microbial and metabolomic analysis indicated that LAB inoculants could modify the bacterial community and metabolome of SC-SS silage. In co-ensiling samples except for SC alone silage,
and
were the dominant species. Metabolites with bioactivities like anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-tumor were upregulated with LAB inoculation. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that active metabolites (e.g., glycitin, glabrene, alnustone, etc.) were positively correlated with
, while tripeptides (e.g., SPK, LLK, LPH, etc.) were positively correlated with
. Adequately describing the SC-SS silage by multi-omics approach might deepen our understanding of complicated biological processes underlying feature silages fermentation. Moreover, it may also contribute to screening of targeted functional strains for MSSA-tolerating forage to improve silage quality and promote livestock production.
Aiming at the accurate prediction of the inception of instability in a compressor, a dynamic system stability model is proposed based on a sparrow-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithm in ...this article. To achieve this goal, a spatial mode is employed for flow field feature extraction and modeling object acquisition. The nonlinear characteristic presented in the system is addressed using fuzzy entropy as the identification strategy to provide a basis for instability determination. Using Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) optimization, a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is achieved for the performance prediction of system status. A Logistic SSA solution is first established to seek the optimal parameters of the RBFNN to enhance prediction accuracy and stability. On the basis of the RBFNN-LSSA hybrid model, the stall inception is detected about 35.8 revolutions in advance using fuzzy entropy identification. To further improve the multi-step network model, a Tent SSA is introduced to promote the accuracy and robustness of the model. A wider range of potential solutions within the TSSA are explored by incorporating the Tent mapping function. The TSSA-based optimization method proves a suitable adaptation for complex nonlinear dynamic modeling. And this method demonstrates superior performance, achieving 42 revolutions of advance warning with multi-step prediction. This RBFNN-TSSA model represents a novel and promising approach to the application of system modeling. These findings contribute to enhancing the abnormal warning capability of dynamic systems in compressors.
Ensiling legume with cereal is an effective method to ensure the energy rich-feed, but no information is available on the microbial fermentation mechanism of intercropped
(Lablab) and sweet sorghum ...in the saline-alkaline region. Therefore, the present study investigated the silage quality and microbial community of intercropped Lablab and sweet sorghum silages grown in the saline-alkaline region with or without inoculation of
(LP). The experimental treatments were prepared according to the Lablab and sweet sorghum planting patterns: Lablab and sweet sorghum sowing seed ratios were 1:1 (L), 5:1 (M), and 9:1 (H). After harvesting, each mixture was treated with LP or sterilized water (CK), followed by 60 days of fermentation. Results showed that both LP inoculation and intercropping significantly raised the lactic acid (LA) content and decreased the pH value, acetic acid (AA), and ammonia-N in intercropped silages. The LP addition and intercropping also improved the relative feed value by reducing structural carbohydrates. Moreover, LP silages had a greater relative abundance of
than CK silages, and its relative abundance increased with an increased seed-sowing ratio of Lablab in intercropping. LP was the prevalent species in LP silages compared to CK silages, and its relative abundance also increased with an increased seed-sowing ratio of Lablab in intercropping. The genus
was negatively correlated with ammonia-N (R = -0.6,
= 0.02) and AA (R = -0.7,
< 0.01) and positively correlated with LA (R = 0.7,
< 0.01) and crude protein (R = 0.6,
= 0.04). Overall, the intercropped seeding ratios of Lablab and sweet sorghum of ≥ 5:1 with LP inoculation resulted in better fermentation quality and preservation of nutritional components providing theoretical support and guidance for future intercropped protein-rich silage production in the saline-alkaline region.
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