Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring permanent porosity, designable topologies, and tailorable functionalities have attracted great interest in the past two decades. Developing efficient ...modular approaches to rationally constructing COFs from a set of molecules via covalent linking has been long pursued. Herein, we report a facile one‐pot strategy to prepare COFs via an irreversible Suzuki coupling reaction followed by a reversible Schiff's base reaction without the need for intermediate isolation. Gram‐scale ordered frameworks with kgm topology and rich porosities can be obtained by using diamino‐aryl halide and dialdehyde aryl‐borate compounds as monomers. The resultant microporous CR‐COFs were used for efficient C2H4/C3H6 separation. This strategy reduces the waste generated and efforts consumed by stepwise reactions and relative purification processes, making the large‐scale syntheses of stable COFs feasible. Moreover, it offers a novel modular approach to designing COF materials.
A facile one‐pot strategy is used to prepare covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via a Suzuki coupling reaction and Schiff's base reaction by using diamino‐aryl halide and dialdehyde aryl‐borate compounds as monomers. The resulting COFs are used for C2H4/C3H6 separation. This work provides a novel modular approach involving irreversible coupling reactions for constructing COF materials.
Objective
Due to the phenotypic heterogeneity and etiological complexity of bipolar disorder (BD), many patients do not respond well to the current medications, and developing novel effective ...treatment is necessary. Whether any BD genome‐wide association study (GWAS) risk genes were targets of existing drugs or novel drugs that can be repurposed in the clinical treatment of BD is a hot topic in the GWAS era of BD.
Methods
A list of 425 protein‐coding BD risk genes was distilled through the BD GWAS, and 4479 protein‐coding druggable targets were retrieved from the druggable genome. The overlapped genes/targets were subjected to further analyses in DrugBank, Pharos, and DGIdb datasets in terms of their FDA status, mechanism of action and primary indication, to identify their potential for repurposing.
Results
We identified 58 BD GWAS risk genes grouped as the druggable targets, and several genes were given higher priority. These BD risk genes were targets of antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, calcium channel antagonists, as well as anxiolytics and analgesics, either existing clinically‐approved drugs for BD or the drugs than can be repurposed for treatment of BD in the future. Those genes were also likely relevant to BD pathophysiology, as many of them encode ion channel, ion transporter or neurotransmitter receptor, or the mice manipulating those genes are likely to mimic the phenotypes manifest in BD patients.
Conclusions
This study identifies several targets that may facilitate the discovery of novel treatments in BD, and implies the value of conducting GWAS into clinical translation.
This paper considers a reconnaissance task assignment problem for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with different sensor capacities. A modified Multi-Objective Symbiotic Organisms Search ...algorithm (MOSOS) is adopted to optimize UAVs' task sequence. A time-window based task model is built for heterogeneous targets. Then, the basic task assignment problem is formulated as a Multiple Time-Window based Dubins Travelling Salesmen Problem (MTWDTSP). Double-chain encoding rules and several criteria are established for the task assignment problem under logical and physical constraints. Pareto dominance determination and global adaptive scaling factors is introduced to improve the performance of original MOSOS. Numerical simulation and Monte-Carlo simulation results for the task assignment problem are also presented in this paper, whereas comparisons with non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and original MOSOS are made to verify the superiority of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate that modified SOS outperforms the original MOSOS and NSGA-II in terms of optimality and efficiency of the assignment results in MTWDTSP.
A photoinduced SET process enables the direct B−H bond activation of NHC–boranes. In contrast to common hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategies, this photoinduced reaction simply takes advantage of ...the beneficial redox potentials of NHC–boranes, thus obviating the need for extra radical initiators. The resulting NHC–boryl radical was used for the borylation of a wide range of α‐trifluoromethylalkenes and alkenes with diverse electronic and structural features, providing facile access to highly functionalized borylated molecules. Labeling and photoquenching experiments provide insight into the mechanism of this photoinduced SET pathway.
A photoinduced SET process enables the direct B−H bond activation of NHC–boranes. The resulting NHC–boryl radical was used for the borylation of a wide range of α‐trifluoromethylalkenes and alkenes with diverse electronic and structural features, providing facile access to highly functionalized borylated molecules.
Advancing to the era of cancer immunotherapy Wang, Yun; Wang, Min; Wu, Hao‐Xiang ...
Cancer communications (London, England),
September 2021, Letnik:
41, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cancer greatly affects the quality of life of humans worldwide and the number of patients suffering from it is continuously increasing. Over the last century, numerous treatments have been developed ...to improve the survival of cancer patients but substantial progress still needs to be made before cancer can be truly cured. In recent years, antitumor immunity has become the most debated topic in cancer research and the booming development of immunotherapy has led to a new epoch in cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the relationships between tumors and the immune system, and the rise of immunotherapy. Then, we summarize the characteristics of tumor‐associated immunity and immunotherapeutic strategies with various molecular mechanisms by showing the typical immune molecules whose antibodies are broadly used in the clinic and those that are still under investigation. We also discuss important elements from individual cells to the whole human body, including cellular mutations and modulation, metabolic reprogramming, the microbiome, and the immune contexture. In addition, we also present new observations and technical advancements of both diagnostic and therapeutic methods aimed at cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we discuss the controversies and challenges that negatively impact patient outcomes.
In this review, we present a clear view of the major factors and regulators associated with cancer immunotherapy and to provide our point of view on the latest available technologies and treatment methods for resolving clinical problems.
Influences of structural characteristics of phenolic compounds on the properties of potato starch were investigated, and their effects on the quality, function, and digestion of potato starch noodles ...were further determined. All testing phenolic compounds (including protocatechuic acid PA, naringin NA, and tannic acid TA) exhibited the significant capability to modify the thermal properties, rheological properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch. The high amount of hydroxyl groups, the presence of glycoside structure, appropriate molecular size, and steric hindrance were beneficial to enhance their effects on potato starch. In addition, by changing the microstructure of starch hydrocolloids, PA, NA, and TA could affect the color, texture properties, and cooking properties of potato starch noodles. Meanwhile, PA and TA could endow potato starch noodles with remarkable antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the in vitro digestion of potato starch noodles was obviously inhibited by phenolic compounds, especially for TA. All present results suggested that structural characteristics of phenolic compounds affected their interaction affinity and combination degree with potato starch molecules, so as to modify the properties of starch and affect the quality, function, and digestion of starchy foods, which showed the valuable applications in food and chemical industries.
Practical Application
The property, function, and digestion characteristics of potato starch show the significant effects on the quality of potato starch products in food industry. In present study, the thermal properties, rheological properties, and enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch were modified by different phenolic compounds (including protocatechuic acid, naringin, and tannic acid) in varying degrees, whereas the quality, antioxidant activity, and digestion characteristic of potato starch noodles were modified by phenolic compounds with different structures. All results showed the potential application and interaction regularities of phenolic compounds as natural additives for potato starch processing in food industry.
The goal of spectral imaging is to capture the spectral signature of a target. Traditional scanning method for spectral imaging suffers from large system volume and low image acquisition speed for ...large scenes. In contrast, computational spectral imaging methods have resorted to computation power for reduced system volume, but still endure long computation time for iterative spectral reconstructions. Recently, deep learning techniques are introduced into computational spectral imaging, witnessing fast reconstruction speed, great reconstruction quality, and the potential to drastically reduce the system volume. In this article, we review state-of-the-art deep-learning-empowered computational spectral imaging methods. They are further divided into amplitude-coded, phase-coded, and wavelength-coded methods, based on different light properties used for encoding. To boost future researches, we've also organized publicly available spectral datasets.
A
bstract
The study of Rényi mutual information (RMI) sheds light on the AdS/CFT correspondence beyond classical order. In this article, we study the Rényi mutual in- formation between two intervals ...at large distance in two-dimensional holographic warped conformal field theory, which is conjectured to be dual to gravity on AdS
3
or warped AdS
3
spacetimes under Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions. By using the operator product expansion of twist operators up to level 3, we read the leading oder and the next-to-leading order RMI in the large central charge and small cross-ratio limits. The leading order result is furthermore confirmed using the conformal block expansion. Finally, we match the next-to-leading order result by a 1-loop calculation in the bulk.
The design of structurally dynamic molecular networks can offer strategies for fabricating stimuli‐responsive adaptive materials. Herein we first report a gas‐responsive dynamic gel system based on ...frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. Two trefoil‐like molecules with bulky triphenylborane and triphenylphosphine groups are synthesized as complementary Lewis acid and base with trivalent sites. They can together bind CO2 gas molecules and further form a cross‐linked network via the bonding interactions between FLPs and CO2. Such CO2‐bridged dative linkages are shown to be dynamic covalent bonds, which endow the frustrated Lewis network with adaptable behaviors and unprecedented gas‐regulated viscoelastic, mechanical, and self‐healing performance. This study is an initial attempt to apply the FLP concept in materials chemistry, but we believe that this strategy will open a promising future for gas‐sensitive smart materials.
Gas‐glue CO2: CO2 can act as a “gas glue” to cross‐link trefoil‐like frustrated Lewis molecular pairs into a new form of molecular network. The CO2‐bridged cross‐links are dynamically covalent, which endows the gel network with unique gas‐modulated viscoelastic, mechanical, and self‐healing performance.
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