Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are vital probiotics in the food processing industry, which are widely spread in food additives and products, such as meat, milk, and vegetables.
(
), as a kind of LAB, has ...numerous probiotic effects, mainly including antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and immune effects. Recently, the applications in the probiotic- fermentation products have attracted progressively more attentions. However, it is necessary to screen
with abundant functions from diverse sources due to the limitation about the source and species of
. This review summarized the screening methods of
and the exploration methods of probiotic functions in combination with the case study. The screening methods included primary screening and rescreening including gastric acidity resistance, bile resistance, adhesion, antibacterial effects, etc. The application and development prospects of
were described in detail, and the shortcomings in the practical application of
were evaluated to make better application of
in the future.
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•Immunomodulatory activities of SCP3 and SCP5 were evaluated with spleen lymphocytes.•SCP3 and SCP5 can synergize with ConA and LPS on spleen lymphocytes proliferation.•SCP3 and SCP5 ...increased the release of cytokines.•Immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide is related to its degree of substitution.
Two sulfated polysaccharides SCP3 and SCP5 with degree of substitution (DS) 0.45 and 0.13 were obtained by modifying the Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide (CP) with chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. Results demonstrated that the physicochemical properties, molar ratios of monosaccharide composition, molecular weights, and in vitro immunomodulatory activity were changed after being sulfated. Splenocytes proliferation assay showed that both CP and sulfated polysaccharides have immunomodulatory, while sulfated polysaccharides were stronger. CP mainly stimulate the production of the Th1-type cytokines, SCP3 and SCP5 not only significantly enhanced the secretion level of Th1-type cytokines, but also promote the Th2-type cytokines. Sulfated polysaccharides could significantly stimulate splenic lymphocyte proliferation synergistically with ConA or LPS. SCP3 significantly promoted the proliferation of T lymphocytes, while SCP5 stimulated the proliferation of B lymphocytes, which might be related to the DS. These results indicated that sulfation could improve the immune-enhancing effects of CP and different DS has different immunomodulatory activity.
•The pathway of furan formation in real system - canned strawberry jam was proposed.•Citric acid added as an acidity-regulating agent could promote furan formation.•Sugar rather than ascorbic acid is ...main precursor to form furan in strawberry jam.•Adding thickening agents such as xanthan gum could mitigate furan formation.•Sucrose or glucose would be better choice than fructose or high-fructose corn syrup.
The formation mechanism of furan has been studied extensively in model systems, however, furan formation in real foods are complex and far from being fully understood. In this study, the effects of acid-regulating agent (citric acid), sugar addition (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and thickening agents (xanthan gum, κ-carrageenan and pectin) on furan levels in strawberry jams were studied; meanwhile the formation pathway of furan in canned strawberry jam was proposed by carbon module labeling (CAMOLA) technique. Our results suggested low pH promoted furan formation in strawberry jam. Besides, fructose produces more furans than sucrose and glucose, and the addition of xanthan gum reduced furan levels significantly. The kinetic data showed that ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid degradation followed first-order kinetics while rate of furan formation followed zero-order kinetics. This study presented the possibility of mitigating furan formation in canned strawberry jams by optimization of processing parameters and addition of xanthan gum.
Primary cardiac tumors are rare but have the potential to cause significant morbidity if not treated in an appropriate and timely manner. To date, however, there have been no studies examining the ...survival characteristics of patients who did not undergo surgical resection.
We are presenting a case of a 61-year-old male admitted to our department due to “heart tumor’’. He had 5+years previous history of type 2 diabetes was, and he took Metformin orally for a long time. Under extracorporeal circulation and general anesthesia, the heart lesion was removed under thoracoscopy. The tumor was about 5 cm * 4 cm pale yellow color and sent for biopsy. Pathology report showed tumor like hyperplasia of fat and striated muscle tissues, some fat cells had atypical hyperplasia.
For patients with malignant tumor, most of them had local invasion or had distant metastasis when the diagnosis was clear, and only conservative management could be done. Moreover, the prognosis of malignant tumor is poor, and the pathological morphology is diverse. The causes of death are due to widespread tumor metastasis, refractory heart failure, and various arrhythmias.
Mechanical systems with dry friction are typical Filippov systems. Such class of systems have complicated dynamical behaviors due to the existence of sliding motion. In this work, we consider a ...one-degree-of-freedom oscillator with dry friction force. The phase map is derived to reduce the system to a circle map, and then, the existence of forward invariant torus is proved under suitable assumptions. Moreover, the typical resonance phenomenon and the grazing bifurcation of invariant torus are discussed. We find that the destruction of invariant tori is due to a loss of transversality for sufficiently large perturbation, which is different from the usual smooth tori dynamics.
This study aimed to quantitatively screen and compare the chemical compounds including protein, lipid, sucrose, total phenolics (TPC), and total titratable acidity (TTA) along with the fatty acid ...profile of green coffee beans from various geographical origins (China, Indonesia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Guatemala, Honduras, Brazil, and Colombia). Meanwhile, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to investigate whether the analyzed parameters’ data can be successfully applied to differentiate the geographical origins of green coffee beans. The levels of protein, lipid, sucrose, TTA, and TPC in all samples were in the range of 13.06–15.98 g 100 g−1, 12.88–16.29 g 100 g−1, 7.30–11.45 g 100 g−1, 231.43–361.21 mL 0.1 mol L−1 NaOH 100 g−1, and 37.56–50.57 mg GAE g−1, respectively. The fatty acid composition was dominated by C18:2, C16:0, C18:1, and C18:0. The major fatty acid group was unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), accounting for 51.66–54.28% of total fatty acids. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the chemical and fatty acid composition of green coffee beans from eight geographical origins (P＜0.05). Moreover, the PLS-DA results revealed excellent discrimination between the different geographical origins of green coffee beans, highlighting lipid, C24:0, C22:0, C18:3, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0, C16:0, and protein as discriminatory features.
•Green Arabica coffee beans from eight different geographical origins were analyzed.•A total of eleven fatty acids were detected in all green coffee beans.•PLS-DA score plot shows strong clustering according to geographical origin.•The fatty acid profile can be seen as a potential marker for origin discrimination.
Human facial expressions play an important role in interpersonal communication. However, most algorithms use a single feature in micro-expression recognition, which leads to low performance. We ...propose a novel micro-expression recognition algorithm using dual-stream combining optical flow and dynamic image convolutional neural networks. First, the algorithm can construct multiple features to classify micro-expressions. Second, the OF-Block module is proposed to extract optical flow features and preserve face motion information considerably. Finally, the proposed algorithm presents a hierarchical fusion strategy that fuses face motion features and spatiotemporal features several times to protect the diversity of features. Our proposed method is evaluated in three publicly available micro-expression databases (CASME, CASME II and SAMM). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can achieve state-of-the-art results compared to other models. Our accuracies are 61.20%, 73.09% and 58.07% in the CASME and CASME II and SAMM datasets, respectively.
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