This paper presents a review on dip-coating for fibrous materials, mainly concentrated on the mechanism, recently developed dip-coating methods and novel functional applications. The emphasis has ...been made here, to present theoretical basis of dip-coating-induced film deposition, especially, the reported works to predict the thickness based on various processing parameters. Different modified dip-coating techniques to fabricate deposited films for fibrous substrate have also been gathered. The scope of reviewed dip-coating methods are not only conventional solution and sol–gel-based dip-coating, but also recently developed vacuum-assisted, spin-assisted, photo-assisted and multi-layered dip-coating methods. An overview of reported and potential applications for coated fibrous materials has also been given, which mainly including self-cleaning, oil–water separation, conductive textiles, fibrous-based energy storage devices, and photonic crystals, etc. This review is intended to give readers a good horizon for the present status concerning variety of studies and applications related to dip-coating. An effort has been made here to report the important contributions in the area of dip-coating for fibrous substrate, and critical points regarding future research directions are outlined in the summary.
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With water as both solvent and reactant, a novel manganese(III)‐mediated and ‐catalyzed synthesis of β‐ketosulfones through decarboxylative hydroxysulfonylation reactions of arylpropiolic acids with ...sodium sulfinates is described. This protocol has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, easy to handle reagents, purification simplicity, and being environmentally benign, which demonstrate the practical utility of this methodology.
The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase, a master regulator that is evolutionarily conserved among yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), plants, animals, and humans, integrates nutrient and energy ...signaling to promote cell proliferation and growth. Recent breakthroughs made possible by integrating chemical, genetic, and genomic analyses have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular functions and dynamic regulation of the TOR kinase in photosynthetic plants. TOR signaling plays fundamental roles in embryogenesis, meristem activation, root and leaf growth, flowering, senescence, and life span determination. The molecular mechanisms underlying TOR-mediated ribosomal biogenesis, translation promotion, readjustment of metabolism, and autophagy inhibition are now being uncovered. Moreover, monitoring photosynthesis-derived GѪc and bioenergetics relays has revealed that TOR orchestrates unprecedented transcriptional networks that wire central metabolism and biosynthesis for energy and biomass production. In addition, these networks integrate localized stem/progenitor cell proliferation through interorgan nutrient coordination to control developmental transitions and growth.
With the arrival of the informationization era, the inheritance and development of ethnic folk dance in dance teaching faces new challenges and opportunities. This paper discusses effectively ...inheriting and developing ethnic folk dance under informationization. The research methodology includes the Analysis of folk dance movement characteristics, movement capture and feature extraction based on Kinect acquisition technology. The results show that the dancer’s movement data can be accurately recorded by Kinect capture technology, and the error of capture coordinates can be minimized up to 1.115. The study also finds that the dance movement features can be effectively extracted using Gaussian Mixture Model Background Subtraction and Median Filtering preprocessing techniques. In addition, the “Trinity Teaching Assistive Technology” proposed in this study can improve teaching quality. The application of information technology not only promotes the scientific and standardized teaching of folk dance, but also helps improve students’ skills and creativity.
Target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator that integrates energy, nutrients, growth factors, and stress signals to promote survival and growth in all ...eukaryotes. The reported land plant resistance to rapamycin and the embryo lethality of the Arabidopsis tor mutants have hindered functional dissection of TOR signaling in plants. We developed sensitive cellular and seedling assays to monitor endogenous Arabidopsis TOR activity based on its conserved S6 kinase (S6K) phosphorylation. Surprisingly, rapamycin effectively inhibits Arabidopsis TOR-S6K1 signaling and retards glucose-mediated root and leaf growth, mimicking estradiol-inducible tor mutants. Rapamycin inhibition is relieved in transgenic plants deficient in Arabidopsis FK506-binding protein 12 (FKP12), whereas FKP12 overexpression dramatically enhances rapamycin sensitivity. The role of Arabidopsis FKP12 is highly specific as overexpression of seven closely related FKP proteins fails to increase rapamycin sensitivity. Rapamycin exerts TOR inhibition by inducing direct interaction between the TOR-FRB (FKP-rapamycin binding) domain and FKP12 in plant cells. We suggest that variable endogenous FKP12 protein levels may underlie the molecular explanation for longstanding enigmatic observations on inconsistent rapamycin resistance in plants and in various mammalian cell lines or diverse animal cell types. Integrative analyses with rapamycin and conditional tor and fkp12 mutants also reveal a central role of glucose-TOR signaling in root hair formation. Our studies demonstrate the power of chemical genetic approaches in the discovery of previously unknown and pivotal functions of glucose-TOR signaling in governing the growth of cotyledons, true leaves, petioles, and primary and secondary roots and root hairs.
Background: Plants possess conserved TOR PK but appear to display rapamycin resistance.
Results: Rapamycin effectively inactivates Arabidopsis TOR PK and retards glucose-mediated growth.
Conclusion: Integrative analyses with TOR-S6K phosphorylation, rapamycin, and estradiol-inducible tor and fkp mutants unravel the central roles of glucose-TOR signaling in diverse plant cells and organs.
Significance: Rapamycin and estradiol-inducible tor mutants facilitate chemical genetic dissection of plant TOR signaling networks.
The development of responsive antibacterial implants is highly significant for the treatment of implant‐associated infection. In this study, one self‐adaptive antibacterial porous implant with ...sustainable responses is flexibly designed and constructed for infected bone defect therapy. Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) implants derived from nature bones, one typical implant, are first functionalized via low‐cytotoxic ethanediamine‐functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) brushes, and gentamicin sulfate (GS, a kind of aminoglycoside antibiotic in clinic) is subsequently conjugated by an acid‐responsive bond to produce smart antibacterial HA implants (HA–GS). The release of GS can be triggered by the acidic environment induced by the metabolism of bacteria for self‐adaptive antibacterial response. Due to the good drug loading capacity and chemical stability of HA–GS in neutral condition, the sustainable antibacterial ability is readily achieved for long‐term applications. The highly effective in vivo anti‐infection therapy with HA–GS is demonstrated in one infected bone defect rabbit model. The implant‐associated infection is completely inhibited by HA–GS at the early stage and the defected bones exhibit superior recovery at the late stage. This design strategy of sustainable self‐adaptive antibacterial implants will provide a promising concept for the prevention and therapy of implant‐associated infections.
Self‐adaptive antibacterial porous implants (HA–GS) with sustainable responses are readily designed and constructed for the high‐performance therapy against infected bone defects.
Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an atypical Ser/Thr protein kinase that is evolutionally conserved among yeasts, plants, and mammals. In plants, TOR signaling functions as a central hub to integrate ...different kinds of nutrient, energy, hormone, and environmental signals. TOR thereby orchestrates every stage of plant life, from embryogenesis, meristem activation, root, and leaf growth to flowering, senescence, and life span determination. Besides its essential role in the control of plant growth and development, recent research has also shed light on its multifaceted roles in plant environmental stress responses. Here, we review recent findings on the involvement of TOR signaling in plant adaptation to nutrient deficiency and various abiotic stresses. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying how plants cope with such unfavorable conditions via TOR-abscisic acid crosstalk and TOR-mediated autophagy, both of which play crucial roles in plant stress responses. Until now, little was known about the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of TOR in plant stress responses. We propose that the Snf1-related protein kinase-TOR axis plays a role in sensing various stress signals, and predict the key downstream effectors based on recent high-throughput proteomic analyses.
Accurate control of a quantum system is a fundamental requirement in many areas of modern science ranging from quantum information processing to high-precision measurements. A significantly important ...goal in quantum control is preparing a desired state as fast as possible, with sufficiently high fidelity allowed by available resources and experimental constraints. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a robust way to realize high-fidelity state transfer but it requires a sufficiently long operation time to satisfy the adiabatic criteria. Here we theoretically propose and then experimentally demonstrate a shortcut-to-adiabatic protocol to speed-up the STIRAP. By modifying the shapes of the Raman pulses, we experimentally realize a fast and high-fidelity stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage that is robust against control parameter variations. The all-optical, robust and fast protocol demonstrated here provides an efficient and practical way to control quantum systems.
Antiadhesion barriers such as films and hydrogels used to wrap repaired tendons are important for preventing the formation of adhesion tissue after tendon surgery. However, sliding of the tendon can ...compress the adjacent hydrogel barrier and cause it to rupture, which may then lead to unexpected inflammation. Here, a self‐healing and deformable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel is constructed as a peritendinous antiadhesion barrier. Matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2)‐degradable gelatin‐methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres (MSs) encapsulated with Smad3‐siRNA nanoparticles are entrapped within the HA hydrogel to inhibit fibroblast proliferation and prevent peritendinous adhesion. GelMA MSs are responsively degraded by upregulation of MMP‐2, achieving on‐demand release of siRNA nanoparticles. Silencing effect of Smad3‐siRNA nanoparticles is around 75% toward targeted gene. Furthermore, the self‐healing hydrogel shows relatively attenuated inflammation compared to non‐healing hydrogel. The mean adhesion scores of composite barrier group are 1.67 ± 0.51 and 2.17 ± 0.75 by macroscopic and histological evaluation, respectively. The proposed self‐healing hydrogel antiadhesion barrier with MMP‐2‐responsive drug release behavior is highly effective for decreasing inflammation and inhibiting tendon adhesion. Therefore, this research provides a new strategy for the development of safe and effective antiadhesion barriers.
The MMP‐2‐degradable gelatin‐methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres (MSs) loading guanidinobenzoic acid‐modified generation 5 polyamidoamine (G5‐GBA)/Smad3‐small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles (siRNA@MS) were fabricated by microfluidics technique, and then were incorporated into a self‐healing hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel (siRNA@MS@HA) on the polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers to form peritendinous anti‐adhesion membrane. Here it is hypothesized that Smad3‐siRNA nanoparticles would be released from GelMA MSs responded to the elevation of MMP‐2 after tendon injury, thus downregulating the expression of Smad3 and fibroblast proliferation in peritendinous area. Moreover, the hydrogel‐electrospun nanofibers could attenuate inflammation and act as a physical barrier to prevent adhesion tissue invading into the repaired tendon.
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that functions as a central signaling hub to integrate diverse internal and external cues to precisely orchestrate cellular and ...organismal physiology. During evolution, TOR both maintains the highly conserved TOR complex compositions, and cellular and molecular functions, but also evolves distinctive roles and strategies to modulate cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival, and stress responses in eukaryotes. Here, we review recent discoveries on the plant TOR signaling network. We present an overview of plant TOR complexes, analyze the signaling landscape of the plant TOR signaling network from the upstream signals that regulate plant TOR activation to the downstream effectors involved in various biological processes, and compare their conservation and specificities within different biological contexts. Finally, we summarize the impact of dysregulation of TOR signaling on every stage of plant growth and development, from embryogenesis and seedling growth, to flowering and senescence.
In eukaryotes, the protein kinase Target of Rapamycin (TOR) senses diverse upstream signals and regulates translation, transcription, and metabolism to promote cell proliferation and growth. This review summarizes the recent advances in plant TOR signaling and compares the conservation and specificity of TOR signaling among yeasts, mammals, and plants.
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