Glucose functions as a hormone‐like signalling molecule that modulates plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of glucose in root elongation remains elusive. Our study ...demonstrates that high concentrations of glucose reduce the size of the root meristem zone by repressing PIN1 accumulation and thereby reducing auxin levels. In addition, we verified the involvement of ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) in this process by showing that abi5‐1 is less sensitive to glucose than the wild type, whereas glucose induces ABI5 expression and the inducible overexpression of ABI5 reduces the size of the root meristem zone. Furthermore, the inducible overexpression of ABI5 in PIN1::PIN1‐GFP plants reduces the level of PIN1‐GFP, but glucose reduces the level of PIN1‐GFP to a lesser extent in abi5‐1 PIN1::PIN1‐GFP plants than in the PIN1::PIN1‐GFP control, suggesting that ABI5 is involved in glucose‐regulated PIN1 accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that ABI5 functions in the glucose‐mediated inhibition of the root meristem zone by repressing PIN1 accumulation, thus leading to reduced auxin levels in roots.
A new perovskite‐like coordination polymer (CH3)2NH2Cd(N3)3 is reported which undergoes a reversible ferroelastic phase transition. This transition is due to varied modes of motion of the (CH3)2NH2+ ...guest accompanied by a synergistic deformation of the Cd(N3)3− framework. The unusual two‐staged switchable dielectric relaxation reveals the molecular dynamics of the polar cation guest, which are well controlled by the variable confined space of the host framework. As the material switches from the ferroelastic phase to the paraelastic phase, a remarkable increase of the rotational energy barrier is detected. As a result, upon heating at low temperature, this compound shows a notable change from a low to a high dielectric state in the ferroelastic phase. This thermoresponsive host–guest system may serve as a model compound for the development of sensitive thermoresponsive dielectric materials and may be key to understanding and modulating molecular/ionic dynamics of guest molecules in confined space.
Flexible frameworks: A perovskite‐like coordination polymer (CH3)2NH2Cd(N3)3 undergoes a ferroelastic‐to‐paraelastic phase transition as a result of the motion of the guest cation within the host framework (see picture), which itself undergoes a simultaneous deformation. This material acts as a thermoresponsive dielectric system owing to the well‐controlled guest molecular dynamics in the confined space.
Our previous study showed that exogenous human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) targeted established osteosarcoma and promoted its growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. As a follow‐up, the present ...study aimed to investigate how hMSCs would interact with Saos‐2 through autocrine/paracrine communication. The results showed that co‐injection of hMSCs with Saos‐2 into the proximal tibia of nude mice could promote tumor growth and progression. In vitro, the proliferation of Saos‐2 and hMSCs was promoted by each other’s conditioned medium, in which interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) played an important role. Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs could be inhibited by conditioned medium of Saos‐2, in which IL‐6 was also involved. Furthermore, decreased IL‐6 secretion by hMSCs during its osteogenesis and increased IL‐6 secretion in response to conditioned medium of Saos‐2 were observed. Based on these data, we suggest that there was a positive feedback loop of IL‐6 in the interaction between hMSCs and Saos‐2. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 2554–2560)
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been identified as a reliable alternative biomarker of insulin resistance (IR). Recently, a considerable number of studies have provided robust statistical ...evidence suggesting that the TyG index is associated with the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, the application of the TyG index as a marker of CVD has not systemically been evaluated, and even less information exists regarding the underlying mechanisms associated with CVD. To this end, in this review, we summarize the history of the use of the TyG index as a surrogate marker for IR. We aimed to highlight the application value of the TyG index for a variety of CVD types and to explore the potential limitations of using this index as a predictor for cardiovascular events to improve its application value for CVD and provide more extensive and precise supporting evidence.
Background
For adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they experience many challenges in dietary decision‐making. Thus, this study examined the perspective and experiences of adults with IBD ...in dietary decision‐making.
Objective
This study aimed to explore the perception and consideration of people with IBD in their daily dietary decisions through monitoring, interpretation and action during the decision‐making process.
Design
A qualitative study of individuals affected by IBD was conducted through semistructured interviews.
Results
Twenty patients were recruited from four tertiary hospitals in Nanjing, China, and each participant completed a semistructured interview. The majority of participants reported on the process and experience of dietary decision‐making. Key themes were categorised into three stages: (1) assessing needs, preferences and food cues (monitor); (2) moving from experience to expertise (interpret) and (3) balancing expectations amidst limitations (act). The majority of participants reported that their decisions were shaped by assessing current disease status and food cues. Those interviewed with IBD were willing to make tradeoffs for bowel stability, but their decisions were also influenced by past dietary experiences and traditional Chinese beliefs. The lack of awareness of dietary guidelines was a significant barrier to healthy eating decisions. Positive or negative feelings accompanied dietary decisions.
Conclusion
Although most people with IBD change their diet after diagnosis, the changes made are often inconsistent with existing dietary recommendations. Several factors can influence the dietary decision‐making process. This study will help assess the experiences of people with IBD in dietary decision‐making to encourage the formation of targeted dietary health and well‐being interventions. Knowledge of nutrition and diet should be provided in education and training programmes for IBD management.
Patient or Public Contribution
The first three authors of this paper were the lead researchers in this study's design. These authors were mentored by patient researchers who also contributed to the manuscript, and the research process was co‐lead and directed by other patient participants and consultants. The results of this paper were directly obtained from patient participants.
Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular, metabolic, and other aging-related diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT3 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). ...Mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, ip) to induce diabetes mellitus. Our proteomics analysis revealed that SIRT3 expression in the myocardium of diabetic mice was lower than that of control mice, as subsequently confirmed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. To explore the role of SIRT3 in DCM, SIRT3-knockout mice and 129S1/SvImJ wild-type mice were injected with STZ. We found that diabetic mice with SIRT3 deficiency exhibited aggravated cardiac dysfunction, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the serum, decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the myocardium, exacerbated myocardial injury, and promoted myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were transfected with SIRT3 siRNA, then exposed to high glucose (HG, 25.5 mM). We found that downregulation of SIRT3 further increased LDH release, decreased ATP level, suppressed the mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated oxidative stress in HG-treated cardiomyocytes. SIRT3 deficiency further raised expression of necroptosis-related proteins including receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and cleaved caspase 3, and upregulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins including NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase 1 p20, and interleukin-1β both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, SIRT3 deficiency aggravated hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial damage, increased ROS accumulation, promoted necroptosis, possibly activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and ultimately exacerbated DCM in the mice. These results suggest that SIRT3 can be a molecular intervention target for the prevention and treatment of DCM.
BackgroundPast studies have found a strong relationship between alcohol drinking and human health.MethodsIn this study, we first tested the association of rs671 with alcohol use in 2349 participants ...in southeast China. We then evaluated the causal impact between alcohol use and cardiovascular traits through a Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis.ResultsWe found strong evidence for the association of rs671 in the ALDH2 gene with alcohol drinking (p=6.08×10-47; ORadj G=4.50, 95% CI 3.67 to 5.52). We found that female G carriers of rs671 had a higher proportion of non-drinkers than male G carriers (88.01% vs 38.70%). In non-drinkers, the female G allele frequency was higher than the male G allele frequency (71.1% vs 55.2%). MR analysis suggested that alcohol use had a causal effect on blood pressure (increasing 9.46 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure (p=9.67×10-4) and 7.50 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure (p=9.62×10-5)), and on hypertension in men (p=0.011; OR =1.19, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.36) and in pooled samples (p=0.013; OR =1.20, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.39), but not in women. We did not observe a causal effect of alcohol use on body mass index and lipid levels; further studies are needed to clarify the non-causal relationship.ConclusionsCompared to never-drinkers, current and previous alcohol use had a causal effect on blood pressure and hypertension in pooled samples and in men. These results reflect Chinese culture which does not encourage women to drink.
Pure organic materials with intrinsic room‐temperature phosphorescence typically rely on heavy atoms or heteroatoms. Two different strategies towards constructing organic room‐temperature ...phosphorescence (RTP) species based upon the through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) unit of 2.2paracyclophane (PCP) were demonstrated. Materials with bromine atoms, PCP‐BrCz and PPCP‐BrCz, exhibit RTP lifetime of around 100 ms. Modulating the PCP core with non‐halogen‐containing electron‐withdrawing units, PCP‐TNTCz and PCP‐PyCNCz, successfully elongate the RTP lifetime to 313.59 and 528.00 ms, respectively, the afterglow of which is visible for several seconds under ambient conditions. The PCP‐TNTCz and PCP‐PyCNCz enantiomers display excellent circular polarized luminescence with dissymmetry factors as high as −1.2×10−2 in toluene solutions, and decent RTP lifetime of around 300 ms for PCP‐TNTCz enantiomers in crystalline state.
A series of organic phosphors based on paracyclophanes (PCPs) exhibit both strong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and excellent circularly polarized luminescence. Modulating the PCP core with non‐halogen‐containing electron‐withdrawing units elongates the RTP lifetime to 313.59 and 528.00 ms. The afterglow is visible for several seconds under ambient conditions.
A photocatalytic formal 3+2 cycloaddition of 2H‐azirines with alkynes has been achieved under irradiation by visible light in the presence of organic dye photocatalysts. This transformation provides ...efficient access to highly functionalized pyrroles in good yields and has been applied to the synthesis of drug analogues. A primary trial of photocascade catalysis merging energy transfer and redox neutral reactions was shown to be successful.
Photo(chemistry) op: A photocatalytic formal 3+2 cycloaddition of 2H‐azirines with alkynes has been established under the irradiation of visible light in the presence of an organic dye. This transformation provides efficient access to highly functionalized pyrroles in good yields and has been applied to the formal synthesis of an inhibitor for HMG‐CoA reductase.
Previous studies implied that dietary isoflavone intake may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, but some have shown ambiguous results. This study aimed to systematically evaluate and ...summarize available evidence on the effect dietary isoflavone intake has on the risk of developing breast cancer.
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for prospective cohort studies published through April 2017 that evaluated the effect of dietary isoflavone intake on the development of breast cancer.
Sixteen prospective cohort studies, involving 11,169 breast cancer cases and 648,913 participants, were identified and included in our data analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) of breast cancer was 0.99 for high versus low intake of isoflavones (95% confidence interval CI, 0.91–1.09; P = 0.876) and 0.99 for moderate versus low intake of isoflavones (95%CI, 0.92–1.05; P = 0.653), with insignificant heterogeneity (P = 0.187 for high versus low, and P = 0.192 for moderate versus low). While a moderate consumption of soy-based foods did not significantly affect breast cancer risk, a high intake of soy-based foods associated with a lower risk of developing breast cancer. Considering specific foods, an increased the risk of developing breast cancer was seen with a moderate intake of formononetin, but no significant associations were found between breast cancer risk and other isoflavone-rich diets.
The present meta-analysis indicates that women with a high dietary intake of soy foods may experience a statistically significant reduction in breast cancer risk. However, moderate formononetin consumption may increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
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