The current study seeks to investigate digital inequality among older adults in China, specifically examining two socially defined age groups: young-old adults (aged 60-74) and old-old adults (aged ...75+). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used to examine the prevalence of and identify the factors associated with Internet access, usage (frequency and breadth containing 11 activities), skills, and social support. The study used data from the 2018 China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) which consisted of 11,419 respondents aged 60 years and older. We found that 40.22% of older adults had access to the Internet, and 18.27% used it regularly. Socioeconomic factors played a crucial role in determining Internet access and usage, with young-old adults with higher education using the Internet more frequently, deliberately, and competently. Those with higher economic status had greater social support to use it, and the old-old adults with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to have Internet access. This study has implications for prioritizing targeted policies and interventions aimed at supporting socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults and ensuring equal opportunities for all to access and benefit from the digital world.
Aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices using potassium-ions as charge carriers are attractive due to their superior safety, lower cost and excellent transport properties compared to other ...alkali ions. However, the accommodation of potassium-ions with satisfactory capacity and cyclability is difficult because the large ionic radius of potassium-ions causes structural distortion and instabilities even in layered electrodes. Here we report that water induces structural rearrangements of the vanadium-oxygen octahedra and enhances stability of the highly disordered potassium-intercalated vanadium oxide nanosheets. The vanadium oxide nanosheets engaged by structural water achieves high capacity (183 mAh g
in half-cells at a scan rate of 5 mV s
, corresponding to 0.89 charge per vanadium) and excellent cyclability (62.5 mAh g
in full cells after 5,000 cycles at 10 C). The promotional effects of structural water on the disordered vanadium oxide nanosheets will contribute to the exploration of disordered structures from earth-abundant elements for electrochemical energy storage.
Abstract
Graphite, a robust host for reversible lithium storage, enabled the first commercially viable lithium-ion batteries. However, the thermal degradation pathway and the safety hazards of ...lithiated graphite remain elusive. Here, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) decomposition, lithium leaching, and gas release of the lithiated graphite anode during heating were examined by in situ synchrotron X-ray techniques and in situ mass spectroscopy. The source of flammable gas such as H
2
was identified and quantitively analyzed. Also, the existence of highly reactive residual lithium on the graphite surface was identified at high temperatures. Our results emphasized the critical role of the SEI in anode thermal stability and uncovered the potential safety hazards of the flammable gases and leached lithium. The anode thermal degradation mechanism revealed in the present work will stimulate more efforts in the rational design of anodes to enable safe energy storage.
Abstract
The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction to syngas with controlled CO/H
2
ratios has been studied on Pd-based bimetallic hydrides using a combination of in situ characterization ...and density functional theory calculations. When compared with pure Pd hydride, the bimetallic Pd hydride formation occurs at more negative potentials for Pd-Ag, Pd-Cu, and Pd-Ni. Theoretical calculations show that the choice of the second metal has a more significant effect on the adsorption strength of *H than *HOCO, with the free energies between these two key intermediates (i.e., ΔG(*H)–ΔG(*HOCO)) correlating well with the carbon dioxide reduction reaction activity and selectivity observed in the experiments, and thus can be used as a descriptor to search for other bimetallic catalysts. The results also demonstrate the possibility of alloying Pd with non-precious transition metals to promote the electrochemical conversion of CO
2
to syngas.
Abstract
Enhancing the intrinsic activity and space time yield of Cu based heterogeneous methanol synthesis catalysts through CO
2
hydrogenation is one of the major topics in CO
2
conversion into ...value-added liquid fuels and chemicals. Here we report inverse ZrO
2
/Cu catalysts with a tunable Zr/Cu ratio have been prepared via an oxalate co-precipitation method, showing excellent performance for CO
2
hydrogenation to methanol. Under optimal condition, the catalyst composed by 10% of ZrO
2
supported over 90% of Cu exhibits the highest mass-specific methanol formation rate of 524 g
MeOH
kg
cat
−1
h
−1
at 220 °C, 3.3 times higher than the activity of traditional Cu/ZrO
2
catalysts (159 g
MeOH
kg
cat
−1
h
−1
). In situ XRD-PDF, XAFS and AP-XPS structural studies reveal that the inverse ZrO
2
/Cu catalysts are composed of islands of partially reduced 1–2 nm amorphous ZrO
2
supported over metallic Cu particles. The ZrO
2
islands are highly active for the CO
2
activation. Meanwhile, an intermediate of formate adsorbed on the Cu at 1350 cm
−1
is discovered by the in situ DRIFTS. This formate intermediate exhibits fast hydrogenation conversion to methoxy. The activation of CO
2
and hydrogenation of all the surface oxygenate intermediates are significantly accelerated over the inverse ZrO
2
/Cu configuration, accounting for the excellent methanol formation activity observed.
Media portrayal of older adults is an expression of social realities and expectations, and the image of ageing has significant implications for intergenerational relations. A life course perspective ...is suggested for viewing old age as the final stage of successive lifespan development and investigating the social meaning of old age through comparisons of life stages. This article focuses on the visual portrayal of citizens at a particular life stage (infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age) in Swedish municipal new media. It aims to examine the ways that the municipality visually portrayed citizens at different life stages, as well as the media portrayal of older people that was produced from a life course perspective. This study is based on document analysis of municipal guidelines for visual language and other pertinent documents, as well as in- depth visual analysis of six representative Facebook photos published by the municipality in 2018. This article finds that the municipality has designated diversity and inclusiveness (including age) as two vital communication goals, in addition to applying a life-stage grouping technique to audience analysis. Visual analysis reveals that the visual portrayal of citizens is communicated using a set of traits attributed to the life stages represented. Specifically, these findings suggest that the particular visual components serve to categorize older people as a vulnerable group, while perpetuating age stereotypes and ageist perceptions in society.
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, especially for those living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Learning about knowledge of and attitudes ...towards HCV is essential to inform health promotion interventions development. This is one of very limited studies to examine the level of knowledge and attitudes towards HCV and their determinants among HIV-negative MSM and MSM living with HIV in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across seven provinces in China from December 2021 to January 2022. All the MSM living with HIV were recruited offline, whereas the recruitment ratio for HIV-negative MSM was half online and half offline. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, knowledge about HCV, and attitude towards HCV from participants were collected through the online survey. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the associated factors. Only 39.3% (33/84) of HIV-negative men and 44.0% (37/84) of men living with HIV had a good level knowledge about HCV. Nearly one-third (32.1%, 27/84) of HIV-negative men and 41.7% (35/84) of men living with HIV reported a positive attitude towards HCV. For HIV-negative men, positive attitude towards HCV was associated with the multiple sexual partners (aOR: 5.8, 95%CI:1.9-18.1) and the use of recreational substances (aOR: 3.1, 95%CI: 1.0-9.4). For men living with HIV, knowledge about HCV was associated with disclosing sexual orientation to healthcare providers, family or friends (aOR: 7.0, 1.9-26.0), the multiple sexual partners (aOR: 0.2, 0.1-1.0), the use of recreational substances (aOR: 3.7, 95%CI: 1.1-13.1) and the HBV testing history (aOR: 7.3, 95%CI: 1.6-32.7); positive attitude towards HCV was associated with the use of recreational substances (aOR: 3.1, 95%CI: 1.1-9.0). The majority of Chinese MSM showed an inadequate knowledge of and negative attitude towards HCV irrespective of HIV infection status. More tailored education campaigns and multicomponent interventions are required to be targeted on MSM, and more researches are also needed to inform how best to address the negative attitudes of this population towards HCV.
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