People with serious mental illness are at great risk of suicide, but little is known about the suicide rates among this population. We aimed to quantify the suicide rates among people with serious ...mental illness (bipolar disorder, major depression, or schizophrenia).
PubMed and Web of Science were searched to identify studies published from 1 January 1975 to 10 December 2020. We assessed English-language studies for the suicide rates among people with serious mental illness. Random-effects meta-analysis was used. Changes in follow-up time and the suicide rates were presented by a locally weighted scatter-plot smoothing (LOESS) curve. Suicide rate ratio was estimated for assessments of difference in suicide rate by sex.
Of 5014 identified studies, 41 were included in this analysis. The pooled suicide rate was 312.8 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 230.3-406.8). Europe was reported to have the highest pooled suicide rate of 335.2 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 261.5-417.6). Major depression had the highest suicide rate of 534.3 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 30.4-1448.7). There is a downward trend in suicide rate estimates over follow-up time. Excess risk of suicide in males was found 1.90 (95% CI 1.60-2.25). The most common suicide method was poisoning 21.9 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 3.7-50.4).
The suicide rates among people with serious mental illness were high, highlighting the requirements for increasing psychological assessment and monitoring. Further study should focus on region and age differences in suicide among this population.
High temperature may lead to the development of new microcracks or growth of pre-existing microcracks within granite, varying its physical and mechanical properties. Experiments were conducted to ...study the evolution of the physical and mechanical properties of granite specimens from room temperature to 800 °C. The specimens were heated in heating furnace and uniaxial compression tests were done using MTS servo-controlled testing machine. The results indicate five phases in the variation of physical and mechanical properties with temperature: from room temperature to 100, 100–300, 300–400, 400–600, and 600–800 °C. The first phase corresponds to the vaporization-escaping interval of adhered water, bound water, and structural water. Larger changes of physical and mechanical parameters in the temperature range of 300–600 °C, mostly 400–600 °C, are probably caused by the transition from the brittle state to plasticity (or ductility) of granite, and 400 °C may be a critical threshold of its thermal damage. These results confirm the important link among physical and mechanical properties in response to thermal treatment.
ABSTRACT We use about 200,000 FGK-type main-sequence stars from the LAMOST DR1 data to map the local stellar kinematics. With the velocity deprojection technique, we are able to derive the averaged ...three-dimensional velocity and velocity ellipsoids using only the line-of-sight velocity for the stars with various effective temperatures within pc. Using the mean velocities of the cool stars, we derive the solar motion of ( , , ) = (9.58 2.39, 10.52 1.96, 7.01 1.67) with respect to the local standard of rest. Moreover, we find that the stars with K show a net asymmetric motion of ∼3 in compared to the stars with K. And their azimuthal velocity increases when increases. This peculiar motion in the warmer stars is likely because they are young and not completely relaxed, although other reasons, such as the resonance induced by the central rotating bar or the spiral structures and the perturbation of the merging dwarf galaxies, cannot be ruled out. The derived velocity dispersions and cross-terms for the data are approximately consistent with previous studies. We also find that the vertical gradients of and are larger than that of . And the vertical gradient of shows a clear correlation with , while the other two do not. Finally, our sample shows a vertex deviation of about at pc, but roughly zero at pc.
Owing to the limitations of the present efforts on drug discovery against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the lack of the understanding of the biological regulation ...mechanisms underlying COVID-19, alternative or novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 treatment are still urgently required. SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity dysfunction are the two main courses driving the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Both the virus and host factors are potential targets for antiviral therapy. Hence, in this study, the current therapeutic strategies of COVID-19 have been classified into "target virus" and "target host" categories. Repurposing drugs, emerging approaches, and promising potential targets are the implementations of the above two strategies. First, a comprehensive review of the highly acclaimed old drugs was performed according to evidence-based medicine to provide recommendations for clinicians. Additionally, their unavailability in the fight against COVID-19 was analyzed. Next, a profound analysis of the emerging approaches was conducted, particularly all licensed vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) enrolled in clinical trials against primary SARS-CoV-2 and mutant strains. Furthermore, the pros and cons of the present licensed vaccines were compared from different perspectives. Finally, the most promising potential targets were reviewed, and the update of the progress of treatments has been summarized based on these reviews.
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant with known toxic effects on the liver. Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been shown to exert protective effect in numerous pathological ...processes. However, whether PU affords protection in Cd-induced liver damage is still equivocal. Therefore, 40 mice were treated with Cd and/or PU by gavage for 9 weeks, then the serum and liver samples were collected to verify this issue. In this study, Cd exposure triggered hepatic lipid metabolism disorders and resultant liver damage as evidenced by Oil Red O staining and total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in serum and liver, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in serum, and histopathology, which were significantly improved by PU. Moreover, PU also normalized the expression of Cd-disturbed lipid metabolism-related proteins to improve lipid accumulation, contributing to the alleviation of liver injury. Moreover, Cd-decreased antioxidative indices superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione (GSH) in hepatic tissues were significantly attenuated by PU administration, while Cd-elevated hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were markedly down-regulated by PU treatment, demonstrating the antioxidant effect of PU against Cd exposure. In addition, PU supplementation increased the anti-inflammatory potential, and normalized the levels of proinflammatory cytokines during Cd exposure. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that PU treatment decreases oxidative stress and inflammation response, which may contribute to prevent Cd-induced lipid metabolism disorder and consequent liver damage.
Cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation response contribute to hepatic lipid metabolism disorder, leading to liver damage in mice. Puerarin (PU) alleviates Cd-induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation response to improve hepatic lipid accumulation, providing the protection against Cd-induced hepatic damage in mice. Display omitted
•Puerarin (PU) improves cadmium (Cd)-induced liver damage in mice.•PU attenuates Cd-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice.•PU alleviates Cd-induced hepatic oxidative stress in mice.•PU ameliorates Cd-induced inflammation in liver of mice.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure, contributing to severe morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Berberine (BBR) has been well characterized to exert ...renoprotective effects in DN progression. However, the action mechanism of BBR in DN remains to be fully understood.
The DN rat model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg body weight) while 30 mM high glucose (HG)-treated podocytes were used as an in vitro DN model. The fasting blood glucose level and ratio of kidney weight to body weight were measured after BBR treatment (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) in STZ-induced DN rats. The renal injury parameters including 24-h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were assessed. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the transcript amounts of inflammatory factors. The concentrations of inflammatory factors were evaluated by ELISA kits. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the amounts of TLR4/NF-κB-related proteins. The apoptotic rate of podocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V/propidium iodide.
Berberine reduced renal injury in STZ-induced DN rat model, as evidenced by the decrease in fasting blood glucose, ratio of kidney weight to body weight, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urine nitrogen. BBR attenuated the systemic and renal cortex inflammatory response and inhibited TLR4/NF-κB pathway in STZ-induced DN rats and HG-induced podocytes. Also, HG-induced apoptosis of podocytes was lowered by BBR administration. Furthermore, blockade of TLR4/NF-κB pathway by resatorvid (TAK-242) or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate aggravated the inhibitory effect of BBR on HG-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in podocytes.
Berberine ameliorated DN through relieving STZ-induced renal injury, inflammatory response, and podocyte HG-induced apoptosis via inactivating TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Distributed Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem (DPFSP) has become a research hotspot in recent years. However, as a service level objective, the Total Weighted Earliness and Tardiness (TWET) has ...not been addressed so far. Due to the importance of the service level objective in modern industry, we deal with the minimization of the TWET for the DPFSP with due windows . An Iterated Greedy (IG) algorithm, namely IG with Idle Time insertion Evaluation (IGITE), is proposed. In the algorithm, an adapted NEH heuristic with five rules based on the unit earliness weight and unit tardiness weight, the due date, and the smallest slack on the last machine is used to generate an initial solution. Destruction procedure with a dynamic size is provided to enhance the exploration capability of the algorithm. Idle time insertion method is utilized to make the completion time of jobs within the due windows or as close to the due windows as possible. A large number of experiments show that the presented algorithm performs significantly better than the five competing algorithms adapted in the literature. The performance analysis shows that the IGITE is the most appropriate for the DPFSP with due windows among the tested algorithms.
•The first study of distributed permutation flowshop scheduling with due windows.•An effective Iterated Greedy algorithm is proposed.•Three rules are proposed for adapted NEH heuristic to generate initial solution.•Destruction with dynamic size is provided to yield more diverse search areas.•Idle time insertion method is used to complete jobs within or near due windows.
Recent investigations have revealed that puerarin (PU) alleviates cadmium (Cd)-caused hepatic damage via inhibiting oxidative stress. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles and play a critical part in ...regulating the occurrence of oxidative stress, but the role of mitochondria in the protection of PU against hepatocellular damage caused by Cd exposure remains unknown. Thus, this study was aimed to clarify this issue using mouse hepatocyte AML-12 cell line. Transmission electron microscopy analysis firstly showed that PU prevents Cd-induced mitochondrial ultrastructure damage. Mitochondrial network image analysis by confocal microscopy revealed that PU exerts the protection against Cd-induced cytotoxicity via restoring mitochondrial network fragmentation. Also, mitochondrial dynamic protein expression profiles showed that enhanced fission protein levels and inhibited fusion protein levels in Cd-treated cells were significantly reversed by PU, suggesting the protective effect of PU against Cd-induced mitochondrial fission. Moreover, changes of intracellular ATP level and protein levels of key regulators involving in mitochondrial biogenesis indicated that Sirtuin-1(Sirt1) pathway may be involved in the protection of Cd-impaired mitochondrial function by PU. Next, Sirt1 protein levels in treated cells were effectively regulated by genetic knockdown or chemical agonist SRT1720. Accordingly, alleviation of Cd-induced mitochondrial fission assays and cell viability by PU was markedly regulated by SRT1720 or Sirt1 knockdown, suggesting the indispensable role of Sirt1 in this process. Collectively, these findings highlight that PU prevents Cd-induced mitochondrial fission to alleviate cytotoxicity via Sirt1-dependent pathway, which provide novel evidences to fully understand the hepatoprotective action of PU against heavy metal toxicity.
•Puerarin (PU) alleviates cadmium (Cd)-inhibited mitochondrial dynamic imbalance.•PU alleviates Cd-inhibited Sirtuin 1(Sirt1)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.•Mitigation of Cd-induced mitochondrial fission and cytotoxicity by PU is Sirt1-dependent.
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