Thin and muscular have been characterized as ideals for women and men, respectively. Little research has investigated whether men and women have accurate perceptions of opposite‐sex preferences of ...thinness and muscularity. Further, no study has explored whether opposite‐sex perceptions of thinness and muscularity preferences differ for short‐term and long‐term relationships. The present study set out to address these questions. We used interactive 3D human models to represent bodies varying in size (body mass index/BMI weight scaled by height) and body composition. University‐aged (18–31) White European heterosexual men and women were asked to choose their own and ideal body shape, the ideal body shape for a short‐ and a long‐term partner, and the body shape they thought the opposite‐sex would most like for short‐ and long‐term partners. Women overestimated the thinness that men prefer in a partner and men overestimated the heaviness and muscularity that women prefer in a partner. These misperceptions were more exaggerated for short‐term relationships than for long‐term relationships. The results illustrate the importance of investigating misperceptions of opposite‐sex preferences and raise the possibility that correcting misperceptions might have utility in reducing body dissatisfaction or eating disorders.
Methyl-binding domain (MBD) is a class of methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins that affects the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic modifications. MBD genes are not only inseparable from ...DNA methylation but have also been identified and validated in various plants. Although MBD is involved in a group of physiological processes and stress regulation in these plants, MBD genes in Eleutherococcus senticosus remain largely unknown.
Twenty EsMBD genes were identified in E. senticosus. Among the 24 chromosomes of E. senticosus, EsMBD genes were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes, and only one tandem repeat gene existed. Collinearity analysis showed that the fragment duplication was the main motif for EsMBD gene expansion. As the species of Araliaceae evolved, MBD genes also evolved and gradually exhibited different functional differentiation. Furthermore, cis-acting element analysis showed that there were numerous cis-acting elements in the EsMBD promoter region, among which light response elements and anaerobic induction elements were dominant. The expression motif analysis revealed that 60% of the EsMBDs were up-regulated in the 30% water content group.
By comparing the transcriptome data of different saponin contents of E. senticosus and integrating them with the outcomes of molecular docking analysis, we hypothesized that EsMBD2 and EsMBD5 jointly affect the secondary metabolic processes of E. senticosus saponins by binding to methylated CpG under conditions of drought stress. The results of this study laid the foundation for subsequent research on the E. senticosus and MBD genes.
In this work, a comparative study on the electrical, morphological, and thermal properties of polypropylene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PP/CNT) composites which were prepared by three different ...processing methods, such as compression molding (CM, shear rate: ~0 s−1), conventional injection molding (CIM, shear rate: ~102 s−1), and microinjection molding (μIM, shear rate: ~105 s−1), was reported. The difference in shear rates among these processing methods and matrix viscosity would significantly affect the state of filler distribution, thereby determining the properties of subsequent moldings. Electrical conductivity results showed that the percolation threshold of PP/CNT moldings followed a trend of μIM > CIM > CM. A higher degree of CNT orientation and a better filler distribution were achieved under the influence of higher shearing conditions, as corroborated by scanning electron microscope observations and Raman spectral analysis. Moreover, increasing filler concentrations played a positive role in improving the thermal stability of PP/CNT composites and the formation of CNT network was believed to be a contributing factor.
Organelle-targeting nanosystems are envisioned as promising tools for phototherapy, which can generate heat or reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cytotoxicity in the targeted location but leave ...the surrounding biological tissues undamaged. In this work, an imaging-guided mitochondria-targeting photothermal/photodynamic nanosystem has been developed on the basis of functionalized black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets (NSs). In the nanosystem, BP NSs are coated with polydopamine (PDA) and then covalently linked with both chlorin e6 (Ce6) and triphenyl phosphonium (TPP) through carbodiimide reaction between the amino group and the carboxyl group, forming BP@PDA-Ce6&TPP NSs. Due to the strong absorbance of BP@PDA in the near-infrared region and the highly efficient ROS generation of Ce6, the as-prepared nanosystem with mitochondria-targeting capacity (TPP moiety) shows remarkably enhanced efficiency in cancer cell killing. Combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy is implemented and monitored by
fluorescence imaging, achieving excellent performance in inhibiting tumor growth. This study presents a novel nanotheranostic agent for mitochondria-targeting phototherapy, which may open new horizons for biomedicine.
The problems caused by the interaction between slopes and hydrologic environment in traffic civil engineering are very serious in the granite residual soil area of China, especially in Guangdong ...Province. Against the background of two heavy rainfall events occurring during a short period due to a typhoon making landfall twice or even two typhoons consecutively making landfall, laboratory model tests were carried out on the hydrological effects of the granite residual soil slope considering three vegetation types under artificial rainfall. The variation in slope surface runoff, soil moisture content and rain seepage over time was recorded during the tests. The results indicate that surface vegetation first effectively reduces the splash erosion impact of rainwater on slopes and then influences the slope hydrological effect through rainwater forms adjustment. (1) The exposed slope has weak resistance to two consecutive heavy rains, the degree of slope scouring and soil erosion damage will increase greatly during the second rainfall. (2) The multiple hindrances of the stem leaf of Zoysia japonica plays a leading role in regulating the hydrological effect of slope, the root system has little effect on the permeability and water storage capacity of slope soil, but improves the erosion resistance of it. (3) Both the stem leaf and root system of Nephrolepis cordifolia have important roles on the hydrological effect. The stem leaf can stabilize the infiltration of rainwater, and successfully inhibit the surface runoff under continuous secondary heavy rainfall. The root system significantly enhances the water storage capacity of the slope, and greatly increases the permeability of the slope soil in the second rainfall, which is totally different from that of the exposed and Zoysia japonica slopes. (4) Zoysia is a suitable vegetation species in terms of slope protection because of its comprehensive slope protection effect. Nephrolepis cordifolia should be cautiously planted as slope protection vegetation. Only on slopes with no stability issues should Nephrolepis cordifolia be considered to preserve soil and water.
Summary
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have unhealthy bodyweight. This meta‐analysis was performed to understand the weight ...status in individuals with ASD or ADHD. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science databases were searched from inception until June 2020 to identify relevant studies. Prevalence estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of obesity, overweight and underweight were separately pooled using random‐effects models. A total of 95 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled estimates of the prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight were 21.8%, 19.8% and 6.4% in individuals with ASD and 14.7%, 20.9% and 4.0% in individuals with ADHD. In subgroup analyses, an increasing trend in the prevalence of unhealthy weight was observed from children aged 2 to 5 years to adults with ASD (obesity: from 16.7% to 31.3%, overweight: from 16.2% to 27.2%, underweight from 5.3% to 8.6%) and from children aged 6 to 12 years to adults with ADHD (obesity: from 13.5% to 19.3%, overweight: from 18.8% to 31.2%). The worrisome epidemic of obesity and overweight in individuals with ASD, ADHD highlighted the need for weight management.
•The corn cob activated carbons was prepared by chemical activation using ZnCl2.•The prepared sorbent was applied to remove Hg0 in flue gas with high efficiency.•ZnCl2 played a key role in mercury ...removal process.
It is a big challenge to effectively remove elemental mercury (Hg0) from coal fired flue gas with affordable adsorbents. To explore new adsorbents with low cost and high capacity for mercury removal is urgently demanded. On the other hand, it will be a good way to reduce the environmental burden by beneficially utilizing agricultural waste. In this study, one kind of agricultural waste, corn cob, was beneficially used for Hg0 control. The corn cob activated carbon (CCAC) with large surface area was prepared by chemical activation using ZnCl2 and was employed to remove elemental mercury (Hg0) from simulated flue gas (SFG) for the first time. The results demonstrated that the corn cob activated carbon performed high mercury removal efficiency up to 91.4% at 150 °C. The effects of activator, reaction temperature and main flue gas components were studied. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the adsorbents. The possible mechanism of mercury removal was discussed based on XPS analysis and characterization. The results indicated that ZnCl2 could not only activate microporous structures of carbon but also played an important role for removal of elemental mercury. The produced AC can be used as an effective adsorbent with low cost for mercury pollution control in flue gas.
Multilayered frequency-selective structures with checkerboard arrangement are presented to demonstrate the application of passive phase cancellation to reduce the strong reflection from a traditional ...2-D single-layer slot-type frequency-selective surface (FSS). The simple square slot is used as the basic unit to construct the involved supercells which are further combined to achieve the multilayered structures. The properly selected spacing between layers is mainly responsible for producing supercells with out-of-phase reflections, which establishes the destructive interference of reflected waves. In comparison with the traditional FSS, a band of reflection reduction is observed below the passband through the principle of phase cancellation. Meanwhile, the multilayered structures can maintain a passband with small insertion loss for transmission. The effect of increased supercell types on the bandwidth enhancement of reflection reduction and that of checkerboard arrangement on the angular performance are considered. A good agreement between simulation and measurement validates the observations.
This paper addresses a novel scheduling problem, namely the cascaded flowshop joint scheduling problem (CFJSP), which has critical applications in the modern electronic information equipment ...manufacturing industry. The CFJSP is composed of a distributed permutation flowshop scheduling problem and hybrid flowshop scheduling problem. This paper considers how to arrange a variety of jobs for the two flowshops together to minimize total flowtime. We present a mixed integer linear programming mathematical model and an effective adaptive iterated greedy (AIG) algorithm with a decomposition and collaboration mechanism, which optimizes each production phase sequentially and ultimately optimizes the whole process. Combining the problem-specific characteristic, an adaptive inverse bounded heuristic, an adaptive bounded range local search, and an odd/even random insertion reconstruction mechanism are proposed to explore more valuable space. Comprehensive computational experiments and statistical analyses are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed AIG. The experimental results show that the proposed AIG significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art competing algorithms from the literature in relative deviation index values at the same CPU running time.
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