Cysteine (Cys) is incorporated into several compounds which are involved in detoxification of heavy metals. It is evident from recent studies that Cys is effective in alleviating the toxicity of ...heavy metals. Nevertheless, little is known about the Cys-mediated alleviation of chromium (Cr) toxicity. In our study, the impacts of exogenous Cys on Cr-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) were examined by using physiological and proteomic analyses. The results showed that Cr (100 µM) increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, decreased cell viability, enhanced lipid peroxidation and consequently inhibited plant growth. The application of Cys (500 µM) attenuated the adverse effects of Cr on seedling growth. Cys supplementation to Cr treated plants decreased Cr accumulation in the shoots and increased Cr accumulation in roots. Cys treatment also modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased endogenous Cys content. Sixty proteins in root tissue were significantly affected by exogenous Cys under Cr stress using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Forty-six differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in various biological pathways such as stress response (41.3%), energy and carbohydrate metabolism (21.7%), protein metabolism (6.5%), amino acid metabolism (6.5%), and others of unknown functions. The defense response-related proteins including glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases, pathogenesis-related proteins, glyoxalases and superoxide dismutase were differently regulated by Cys suggesting their roles in the Cys-mediated Cr tolerance.
•Exogenous Cys decreased Cr translocation, and alleviated Cr-toxicity in maize.•Cys decreased oxidative damage under Cr stress.•Proteomic analysis on maize revealed the alleviating effects of Cys under Cr.•Proteins related to defence and energy metabolism regulated Cys-induced Cr responses.
Başta Yahudilik ve Hıristiyanlık olmak üzere diğer din ve kültürlerden İslam’a aktarılmış rivayet malzemesi olan İsrâiliyat, on dört asırlık İslam tarihi boyunca özellikle tefsir disiplini ...çerçevesinde tartışılan konulardan biri olmuştur. Bu rivayetler erken dönem tefsirlerinde normatif bir değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmaksızın bilgi kaynaklarından biri olarak kullanılırken klasik tefsirlerde ağırlıklı olarak isnadının zayıflığına vurgu yapılarak tenkit edilmeye başlanmıştır. Çağdaş döneme gelindiğinde Batı menşeli pozitivizm, rasyonalizm ve tarihsel eleştiricilik gibi fikrî akımların ve oryantalistik iddiaların etkisiyle İsrâiliyat, gerçekliği olmayan, hayali, mitolojik ve hurafelerle karışık hikâye türü anlatımlar olarak değerlendirilerek daha ziyade içerik açısından tenkit edilmiştir. Bu tenkitler neticesinde hem İsrâiliyata mesafe konulmaya çalışılmış hem de ona alternatifler aranmıştır. Çağdaş dönem tefsirlerinde İsrâiliyatın en güçlü alternatifi olarak Kitab-ı Mukaddes’e müracaat edilmiş olsa da bu durum birçok tartışmaya kapı aralamış, ondan başka alternatifler üzerinde durulmuştur. Sözü edilen bu hususlar, Tunuslu âlim Tâhir b. Âşûr’un (1879-1973) et-Tahrîr ve’t-Tenvîr isimli tefsiri için de geçerlidir. Bu tefsirin önemli bir özelliği, İsrâilî rivayetlere belli kriterler çerçevesinde olumlu yaklaşmış olunsa da genellikle tenkit etmiş olmasıdır. Müellif, eserinde mümkün mertebe İsrâilî rivayetlere iltifat etmeyip onlara alternatifler geliştirmiştir. Bu alternatifler arasından Kitab-ı Mukaddes nakillerine öncelik vermiş olmakla birlikte bununla yetinmemiş başka alternatiflere de yönelmiştir. Bu çalışmada İbn Âşûr’un yer yer İsrâiliyata alternatif olarak kullandığı, metin merkezli yorumlama, sosyo-psikolojik yorumlama ve öngörülere dayalı yorumlama yöntemleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Müellifin bu yolla İsrâiliyata kıyasla daha sağlam ve tartışma zemininden uzak yöntemler geliştirdiği ve bu yöntemleri başarılı bir şekilde kullandığı görülmüştür. Bu yöntemlerin Kur’an kıssalarında dakik bir şekilde kullanılması halinde İsrâiliyata önemli birer alternatif olabilecekleri kanaatine varılmıştır.
Kur’an’a İşârî Yaklaşımlar Mustafa Yıldız
Artuklu Akademi,
06/2022, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Çağdaş dönemde akıl, pozitivist, rasyonalist, natüralist vb. birtakım akımların tesiriyle neredeyse her konuda akıl, mutlak otorite kabul edilmiş ve tabir yerindeyse putlaştırılmıştır. Söz konusu ...fikri cereyanların gittikçe güçlendiği bu dönemde bilginin ayrıca keşf, ilham, basîret, feraset, mârifet ve yakîn gibi manevi yollarla da elde edilebileceğine dikkat çekmek gerekmektedir. Bu noktada tefsir ekolleri arasında işârî tefsir yönteminin bilgi temininde akla ilaveten yukarıda sözü edilen manevi yollara da müracaat ederek onları önemli bir referans kabul etmesi dikkat çekicidir. İşârî tefsir ekolünün bu yöntemi lehte ve aleyhte birçok görüşe sahne olmuştur. Son dönemlerde işârî tefsir ekolü hakkında bazı çalışmalara imza atıldığı gözlense de bunların sınırlı sayıda olduğu, dolayısıyla bu sahanın, alanında yetkin araştırmacıları beklediği belirtilmelidir.
Tannic acid (TA) was employed as a novel colorimetric iron ion sensor. TA showed highly selective recognition for only Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
among a range of tested metal ions such as Cr
3+
, Mn
2+
, Co
2+
..., Ni
2+
, Cu
2+
, Zn
2+
, Hg
2+
, and Pb
2+
. In the presence of these metal cation solutions, only Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
solutions underwent impressive color change detectable with the naked eye from colorless to purple and gray, respectively. Surprisingly, TA behaves as a highly selective sensor upon chemical oxidation of iron (Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
) cations. In addition, various sensor applications of TA were performed. For this, TA-impregnated silica gel, alumina oxide sheet, and filter paper were used. Each test strip showed very high selectivity for iron ions. The detection limit of the sensor for Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
was found to be 1.0 × 10
−6
M, and the association constant
K
a
was determined as 4.05 × 10
4
M
−1
and 1.80 × 10
7
M
−1
. The order of ion binding power was determined to be Fe
3+
> Fe
2+
by UV-Vis spectroscopy. These discernable color changes due to the complexion of TA with Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
demonstrated the utilization of TA to selectively detect these metal cations.
Graphical abstract
The use of tannic acid as a complexing agent that can detect Fe (II) and Fe (III) metal ions in environmental waters by colorimetry and spectrophotometry.
Background Low-dose (25 mg), slow infusion (6 hours) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) with repetition as needed has been shown to provide effective and safer thrombolysis in patients with ...prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT). Further prolonging the infusion time may be rational with regard to reducing complication rates without reducing success rates. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of ultraslow (25 hours) infusion of low-dose (25 mg) alteplase (t-PA) for PVT. Methods and results Transesophageal echocardiography–guided thrombolytic therapy (TT) was administered to 114 patients with PVT in 120 different episodes between 2009 and 2013 in a single center. Prosthetic valve thrombosis was obstructive in 77 (64.2%) and nonobstructive in 43 (35.8%) episodes. Ultraslow infusion (25 hours) of low-dose (25 mg) t-PA, as the TT regimen, was used in all patients admitted with PVT. The end points were thrombolytic success, mortality, and complication rates. The overall success rate of TT was 90% (95% CI 0.85-0.95). The univariate predictors of an unsuccessful result were higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, thrombus cross-sectional area, duration of suboptimal anticoagulation, lower baseline valve area, and presence of atrial fibrillation. The NYHA class was the only independent predictor of TT failure by multiple variable analysis. The overall complication rate was 6.7% (3.3% nonfatal major, 2.5% minor, and 0.8% death). The predictors of complications were presence of atrial fibrillation, higher NYHA class, and thrombus area. Conclusion Ultraslow (25 hours) infusion of low-dose (25 mg) t-PA without bolus appears to be associated with quite low nonfatal complications and mortality for PVT patients without loss of effectiveness, except for those with NYHA class IV.
We report the synthesis and applications of a novel N-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using hydrothermal reaction between citric acid and p-aminophenol. The synthesized N-doped GQDs have been ...characterized physico-chemically and evaluated its antioxidant, antimicrobial, DNA binding and cleavage activities. siRNA loading studies were performed and their effects on cells were evaluated. Obtained results indicate that monodisperse solution of N-doped GQDs has been obtained with particles size ca. ∼10.9 ± 1.3 nm. UV–Vis spectroscopy studies of the interactions between the N-doped GQDs and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) showed that the compound interact with CT-DNA via both intercalative and electrostatic binding. The DNA cleavage study showed that the N-doped GQDs cleaved DNA without any external agents. The antioxidant activity of N-doped GQDS was very active when compared to BHT. As the concentration of the compound increased, the antioxidant activity also increased. Cell viability assay demonstrated that the Ndoped GQDs showed cell viability (70%) when the concentration reached 200 μg/mL for A549 and also MDA-MB-231, 150 μg/mL for NIH-3T3 cell lines at 24 h incubation. N-doped GQDs were coated with Eudragit RS 100 and EphA2-siRNA was loaded. As a result of the studies on these formulations, it was concluded that there may be significant effects on A549 cells. The microscopy results revealed that N-doped GQDs was quickly internalized into the cell. Our novel N-doped-GQDs with siRNA are candidate for in situ tumor suppression via DNA and mRNA breakage.
Bu risale üç temel konuyu ele almaktadır. Bu konulardan birincisi elest bezmi ikincisi cennet ve cehennemliklerin belirlenmesi sonuncusu ise levhi mahfuzdur.
This work proposes a qualitative study for the fractional second-grade fluid described by a fractional operator. The classical Caputo fractional operator is used in the investigations. The exact ...analytical solutions of the constructed problems for the proposed model are determined by using the Laplace transform method, which particularly includes the Laplace transform of the Caputo derivative. The impact of the used fractional operator is presented; especially, the acceleration effect is noticed in the paper. The parameters’ influences are focused on the dynamics such as the Prandtl number (Pr), the Grashof numbers (Gr), and the parameter η when the fractional-order derivative is used in modeling the second-grade fluid model. Their impacts are also analyzed from a physical point of view besides mathematical calculations. The impact of the fractional parameter α is also provided. Finally, it is concluded that the graphical representations support the theoretical observations of the paper.
Salinity stress is one of the main abiotic stress factors that severely affect the productivity and the geographical distribution of many plant species.
Salsola crassa
Bieb. is an annual ...xero-halophytic plant, belongs to the family Amaranthaceae, and has superior salinity tolerance. Halophytes are able to withstand extremely saline conditions, and thus, characterization of salt-responsive proteins in halophytes may provide valuable information to enhance salinity tolerance in crops. Here, we investigated the variability of salt tolerance of the halophyte
S. crassa
growing under different salt concentrations with a special emphasis on the physiological and proteomic changes in roots. The
S. crassa
’s five-day-old seedlings were grown under hydroponic system for 1 week under salt-free conditions and subsequently at three salinities (0, 100, and 300 mM NaCl) for 2 weeks. Physiological parameters (fresh and dry weights, and K
+
and Na
+
contents of root and leaf tissues) and root protein profiles were analysed. Indeed, seedling growth was higher in 100 mM NaCl than in control. Results also indicated that K
+
content decreased and Na
+
content increased under salinity. The activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase increased, whereas superoxide dismutase activity decreased in roots subjected to 300 mM NaCl concentration. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that the abundance of 51 proteins was changed in the roots. MALDI-TOF/TOF MS-based identification was successful for 19 proteins. The most affected metabolic pathways were related to stress defence, energy metabolism, and protein metabolism. The salinity responses of roots lie in enhanced levels of stress-protective proteins such as chaperones from heat shock protein family, and others such as
S
-adenosylmethionine synthetase. The up-regulated proteins involved in energy metabolism such as glycolysis and TCA cycle indicate an active acclimation to enhanced energy requirements to re-establish cellular homeostasis under salinity. This suggests that protein and energy metabolisms could be the major mechanisms for salinity tolerance in
S. crassa
.
•Schiff base podands were prepared and characterized.•The interactions of Schiff base podands with DNA were investigated by UV-Visible spectra and gel electrophoresis method.•The antimicrobial ...activities of the compound were investigated for its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to bacteria and yeast cultures.•The colorimetric response of the Schiff base receptors in DMSO was investigated.•For the first time in the literature, the interaction between Type II DNA topoisomerase alpha isoform and novel bis-Schiff base podands was investigated computationally by molecular docking studies.
In this study, bis-carbonyl podand (triethylene glycol bis(2-carbonylphenyl)ether) (1) was synthesized from the reaction of triethylene glycol dichloride with salicylaldehyde. Then, Schiff base podans (2 and 3) were prepared from the interaction of bis(carbonyl) podand with 2-amino-4-methylphenol and 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine in ethanol medium. The structures of podands have been investigated by elementary analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of the podands have been investigated for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to bacteria and yeast cultures. Furthermore, the interactions of Schiff base podands with DNA were investigated by UV-Vis spectra and gel electrophoresis method. The efficiency of molecules in DNA cleavage has also been investigated by computational examination of the interaction between Schiff base podands and human topoisomerase II alpha (hTopα) enzyme by molecular docking method. Docking results of podands were compared with known topo inhibitors. UV-Vis spectroscopy studies of the interactions between the podands and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) showed that the compounds interact with CT-DNA via electrostatic binding. DNA cleavage study showed that the podands cleaved DNA oxidatively. It has been observed that especially podand 2 shows the best interactions with the hTopα's binding site by molecular docking method compared to known inhibitors. In addition, antioxidant activities of Schiff base podands were measure using the DPPH method. Podands showed similar antioxidant activity with BHT. It was also found that activity increased with increasing concentration of compounds. In addition, the anion recognition ability of all Schiff bases was examined by colorimetric, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Schiff base podand 2 showed a visually and spectroscopically detectable color and absorbance change against fluoride, cyanide and hydroxyl anions, while Schiff base podand 3 showed the same change against fluoride, cyanide, acetate, dihydrogen phosphate and hydroxyl anions. No significant color and absorbance change were observed upon addition of other anions such as bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, perchlorate, and hydrogen sulphate.
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