We consider Morse functions on compact manifolds possibly with boundary and define their fold cobordism groups based on generic fold maps into the plane. We determine the fold cobordism groups of ...Morse functions on surfaces with boundary.
Bleomycin and the skin Yamamoto, T.
British journal of dermatology (1951),
November 2006, Letnik:
155, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Summary
Bleomycin is frequently used as a chemotherapeutic agent to treat various kinds of malignancy. However, the cytotoxic effects of bleomycin cause a number of adverse responses, in particular ...in the lung and the skin. Bleomycin is used by dermatologists as a treatment for various skin cancers, recalcitrant warts, keloid and hypertrophic scars. This article discusses the use of bleomycin for various skin disorders, as well as the risk factors and cutaneous side‐effects resulting from its use.
Strong spin-orbit coupling fosters exotic electronic states such as topological insulators and superconductors, but the combination of strong spin-orbit and strong electron-electron interactions is ...just beginning to be understood. Central to this emerging area are the 5d transition metal iridium oxides. Here, in the pyrochlore iridate Pr2Ir2O7, we identify a non-trivial state with a single-point Fermi node protected by cubic and time-reversal symmetries, using a combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. Owing to its quadratic dispersion, the unique coincidence of four degenerate states at the Fermi energy, and strong Coulomb interactions, non-Fermi liquid behaviour is predicted, for which we observe some evidence. Our discovery implies that Pr2Ir2O7 is a parent state that can be manipulated to produce other strongly correlated topological phases, such as topological Mott insulator, Weyl semimetal, and quantum spin and anomalous Hall states.
When modeling the thermal performance of a building, it is very important to consider the heat transport from the wall of the building to the interior environment. In energy simulations (ES), the ...convective heat transfer coefficient (
h
c
) determines this heat transfer. Therefore,
h
c
is a significant factor in the calculation of room temperature. In the field of architecture,
h
c
utilizes the temperature of the turbulent zone as a reference temperature. However, the definition of this reference temperature is ambiguous. The preferred definition of the reference temperature is y
+
, and this is based on Prandtl's wall law. The reference temperature has a large impact on the calculation of
h
c
, but it is difficult to evaluate the convective component. Nevertheless, it is possible to extract the velocity component near the wall using a shear stress-based velocity scale, but previous studies have not clarified how the latter and the reference temperature contribute to
h
c
. Until now, the method used to calculate
h
c
has been based on a combination of experimental and analytical methods, such as the use of inflow air temperature as the reference temperature in wind tunnel experiments. In this study, we analyze the method used for calculating heat flow and introduce a new method for calculating
h
c
. In an actual environment, the turbulent flow field is expected to be strongly affected by the nearby flow velocity and reference temperature. To model such a turbulent flow field, we conducted a basic study in which a unidirectional flow was blown across a floor mat. Specifically, the influences of the shear stress-based velocity scale and the reference temperature were investigated by varying the inflow velocity temperature from 10 °C to 40 °C. The analysis first showed that
h
c
and the shear stress-based velocity scale were highly correlated (R
2
= 0.8073). However, an analysis of the outliers revealed a significant contribution from the reference temperature.
In conclusion, the value of
h
c
cannot be determined solely by the shear stress-based velocity scale, even in cases involving forced convection. Our findings provide very important information for ES settings in the field of architecture and will significantly contribute to the field of thermal environment simulation.
This paper melds an overview of the history of Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) embrittlement research, focusing on predicting ductile-to-brittle transition temperature shifts (ΔT), along with an ...assessment of the current status of these efforts, especially for extended life operation. The 60-year history of RPV research reveals remarkable progress on a very complex and challenging problem that has, for several decades, been a paradigm for a ‘science in service of engineering’ approach to a critical technological challenge. This research has laid the foundation for properly analyzing modestly accelerated materials test reactor (MTR) data to make robust ΔT predictions beyond the current low flux (φ) power reactor surveillance database. We show that most current models, that are accurate at lower fluence (φt), systematically and significantly underpredict ΔT at high φt, largely owing to the currently unaccounted for contribution of late blooming MnNiSi precipitates (MNSPs). We propose a simple empirical approach to predicting ΔT between φt ≈ 4 × 1023 n/m2 (the currently reliable ΔT model limit) and 14 × 1023 n/m2 (for extended life). The method is shown to be empirically robust, and is supported by a microstructurally informed physical model. In addition to quantifying the role of MNSPs, important observations include approximately linear ΔT dependence at high φt (versus the previous ≈ √φt trend at lower φt), and a diminution of the effect of φ. The decreased φ effect at high φt has very important implications for the use of accelerated MTR data to predict service relevant ΔT.
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