Changes in land use and climate and their significantly impacts on the hydrological cycle are of widespread concern to researchers and policy makers. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model ...is used to analyze the effects of land use change and climate variability in the upper Naoli River watershed in the Sanjiang plain, northeast China. The remarkable land use changes include the decrease of woodland and wetland along with the farmland increasing. And then the rise rate has gradually diminished in recent years which should attributed to the China’s ecological environment construction project “Grain to Green” and “Convert farmland into forest and pasture” initiated in the late 1990s. Meanwhile, the climate is getting warmer and drier and the runoff variation has the same trend with precipitation and the opponent trend with temperature on the whole. Furthermore, the streamflow is affected by the combined effects of land use change and climate variability which exerts different influences in different periods. The results of this study can provide quantitative information for stakeholders and decision makers for regional water resources management and land use planning in the basin.
Tuberculosis remains a significant public health problem: one-third of the human population is infected with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and 10% of those are at risk of developing ...tuberculosis during their lifetime. In both humans and experimental animal models, genetic variation among infected individuals contributes to the outcome of infection. However, in immunocompetent individuals (the majority of patients), genetic determinants of susceptibility to tuberculosis remain largely unknown. Mouse models of MTB infection, allowing control of exposure and other potential environmental contributors, have proven extremely useful for examining this genetic component. In a cross of C3HeB/FeJ (susceptible) by C57BL/6J (resistant) inbred mouse strains, we have previously identified one major genetic locus, sst1, the susceptible allele of which did not confer an overt immunodeficiency, but rather specifically affected progression of lung tuberculosis. Having generated and tested the sst1 congenic strains, we have observed that this locus only partially explained the difference in susceptibility of the parental strains to MTB. We now present further studies controlling for the effect of the sst1, identify four additional tuberculosis susceptibility loci and characterize their effects by testing an independent cross, knockout or congenic mice.
Biaxially textured yttria stabilized zirconia (0
0
1) thin films were fabricated on untextured hastelloy substrates by ion beam assisted deposition method. The effects of assisting beam current ...density
J
a
and sputtering beam current density
J
s
on the textures of the films were studied. The results indicate that as
J
a
or
J
s
increase, both the out-of-plane and the in-plane textures are improved initially, and then degrade. The results can be attributed to anisotropic damage and selective sputtering effect of assisting ions. At the same ion-to-atom arrival ratio
r, which is reflected with
J
a
/
J
s
value, lower deposition rate can enhance the biaxial texture.
The flowing characteristics in rolling motion are investigated theoretically, with the fractional derivative Maxwell method. The velocity in rolling motion is derived. The effects of rolling motion ...on Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids are analyzed. The variations of peak velocity and velocity gradient on the wall of these two kinds of fluids are also investigated. The velocity profile of Non-Newtonian fluid is parabolic, with its peak velocity at the centerline. Compared with Non-Newtonian fluid, the effect of rolling motion on Newtonian fluid is more averaged. As to the Newtonian fluid, the peak velocity fluctuates between the wall and the tube center, and it has a peak at the middle of the wall and the centerline. When the peak velocity is at its minimum, there are two peak velocities next to the wall and centerline. Their absolute values are the same, but their symbols are different. The oscillation of velocity gradient on the wall is similar to that of the velocity. Their oscillation period is half of the rolling period. The dimensionless velocity gradient on the wall, whose amplitude is between zero and two, is determined by dimensionless frequency. The effects of rolling period, tube radius and fluid viscosity to the dimensionless velocity gradient on the wall are similar.
Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer death as diagnosis is frequently delayed to an advanced stage. Effective biomarkers and screening strategies for early detection are urgently needed. In ...the current study, we identify PSP94 as a key upstream factor in mediating prostasin (a protein previously reported to be overexpressed in ovarian cancer) signaling that regulates prostasin expression and action in ovarian cancer cells. PSP94 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer cell lines and patients, and is significantly correlated with prostasin levels. Signaling pathway analysis demonstrated that both PSP94 and prostasin, as potential upstream regulators of the Lin28b/Let-7 pathway, regulate Lin28b and its downstream partner Let-7 in ovarian cancer cells. Expression of PSP94 and prostasin show a strong correlation with the expression levels of Lin28b/Let-7 in ovarian cancer patients. Thus, PSP94/prostasin axis appears to be linked to the Lin28b/Let-7 loop, a well-known signaling mechanism in oncogenesis in general that is also altered in ovarian cancer. The findings suggest that PSP94 and PSP94/prostasin axis are key factors and potential therapeutic targets or early biomarkers for ovarian cancer.
The aim of this study was to detect the expression of transforming growth factor-ss1 (TGF-ss1) in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to explore its relationship ...with lung development. Forty-eight rats (2-3 days old) were randomly divided into a hyperoxia group and a control group (N = 24) which were then fed in > or =95% oxygen atmosphere and air, respectively. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th days of hyperoxia exposure, morphological changes of lung tissues were observed under an optical microscope. TGF-ss1 mRNA and protein levels in lung tissues were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. With increasing time of hyperoxia exposure, the hyperoxia group gradually suffered from pathological changes such as poor development of lung tissues, alveolar simplification, decrease in the number of alveoli, and hindered pulmonary microvascular development. On the 7th day of hyperoxia exposure, TGF-ss1 mRNA and protein levels (relative to b-actin) of the hyperoxia group (0.34 + or - 0.19 and 0.21 + or - 0.09, respectively) were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.83 + or - 0.45 and 0.57 + or - 0.45, respectively; P < 0.05). TGF-ss1 participates in the pathogenesis of BPD as an important regulatory factor during pulmonary vascular development.
The aim of this study was to detect the expression of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) in neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to explore its relationship ...with lung development. Forty-eight rats (2-3 days old) were randomly divided into a hyperoxia group and a control group (N = 24) which were then fed in ≥95% oxygen atmosphere and air, respectively. On the 1st, 3rd and 7th days of hyperoxia exposure, morphological changes of lung tissues were observed under an optical microscope. TGF-ß1 mRNA and protein levels in lung tissues were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. With increasing time of hyperoxia exposure, the hyperoxia group gradually suffered from pathological changes such as poor development of lung tissues, alveolar simplification, decrease in the number of alveoli, and hindered pulmonary microvascular development. On the 7th day of hyperoxia exposure, TGF-ß1 mRNA and protein levels (relative to b-actin) of the hyperoxia group (0.34 ± 0.19 and 0.21 ± 0.09, respectively) were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.83 ± 0.45 and 0.57 ± 0.45, respectively; P < 0.05). TGF-ß1 participates in the pathogenesis of BPD as an important regulatory factor during pulmonary vascular development.
► The flow distribution at the core inlet in rolling motion is investigated. ► In rolling motion, the variation of flow distribution factor is not regular. ► The minimum flow distribution factor ...could be decreased by rolling motion. ► The effect of rolling motion diminishes with Reynolds number increasing. ► Effect of rolling motion in single loop operation is more significant.
The flow distribution at the core inlet in rolling motion is investigated with software CFX12.0. The calculation results were in agreement with experimental data in steady state. As the increasing of rolling amplitude and the decreasing of rolling period, the effect of rolling motion on the flow distribution factor and the flowing behavior increases. In rolling motion, the variation of flow distribution factor is not regular. The rolling motion could decrease the minimum flow distribution factor. The effect of rolling motion on the coolant field and flow distribution diminishes with the Reynolds number increasing. The effect of rolling motion on the flow distribution in the case of single loop operation is more significant than that in the case of double loops operation.
After compressive deformation at 1000 °C and a strain rate of 2.5 × 10
−4
s
−1
, deformation mechanisms in the 001-oriented single-crystal nickel-based superalloy CMSX-4 are investigated. We found ...that besides dislocation climb, microtwinning and three different shearing processes, which separately result in the formation of pairs of
a
/2〈101〉 dislocations,
a
〈001〉 superdislocations and isolated superlattice stacking faults, operate simultaneously during plastic deformation, hence providing new insights into understanding the deformation mechanisms in nickel-based superalloys.
Graphical Abstract
PDF
