The findings of previous research on the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are inconsistent. Therefore, this ...meta-analysis was conducted to clarify the outcomes of patients taking PPIs. This analysis included 14 articles with more than 268,683 subjects. PPI use was not associated with increased or decreased risk of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio OR 1.64, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.54–5.00, P = 0.39) or mortality (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 0.86–4.24, P = 0.11). However, PPI use increased the risks of severe disease (OR 1.67, 95% CI = 1.37–2.02, P < 0.00001) and secondary infection (OR 4.62, 95% CI = 2.55–8.39, P < 0.00001). In summary, PPI use was not associated with an increased risk of infection and mortality in COVID-19 but appeared to be associated with an increased risk of progression to severe disease and secondary infection. However, more original studies are urgently needed to further clarify the relationship between PPI use and COVID-19.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which play critical roles in cancer progression and metastasis. In recent years, many researchers have been studying ...the relationship between MMP9 and breast cancer. However, it still remains indecisive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to draw more accurate conclusions. A total of 21 relevant documents were retrieved, including 25 case-control studies. We quantitatively analyzed the data obtained. To clarify the relationship between MMP9 polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility under different conditions, we also made a further subgroup analysis for each locus. In summary, we discovered that MMP9 rs3918242 rendered an increased risk for breast cancer, especially among Iranians and Indians. MMP9 rs3787268 could be a protective factor. MMP9 rs17576 and MMP9 rs2250889 have no association with breast cancer risk.
Background and objectives
Accurate identification and evaluation of the parathyroid glands (PGs) intraoperatively is critical to reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism after total ...thyroidectomy. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIFI), including the autofluorescence (AF) and indocyanine green fluorescence (ICGF) imaging, is a promising technique to protect PGs. This study aimed to assess whether the combined use of AF and ICGF could reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism and improve the identification and evaluation of PGs during total thyroidectomy.
Methods
This randomized controlled trial enrolled 180 patients who were randomized into two groups and underwent total thyroidectomy with unilateral or bilateral central lymph node dissection. In the control group, the PGs were identified and evaluated by the naked eye. In the NIFI group, AF was used to identify the PGs and ICGF was applied to assess the blood perfusion of the PGs
in situ
. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The secondary outcomes included the number of identified PGs, autotransplanted PGs, and known preserved PGs
in situ
.
Results
The incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism was significantly lower in the NIFI group than in the control group (27.8% vs. 43.3%,
P
= 0.029). More PGs were identified in the NIFI group than in the control group (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4,
P
< 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the number of autotransplanted PGs between the two groups (
P
= 0.134). Compared with the control group, a greater number of known PGs were preserved
in situ
in the NIFI group (1.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.0 ± 0.5,
P
< 0.001). In the NIFI group, only 4.5% of the patients with at least one well-perfused PG (ICG score of 2) developed postoperative hypoparathyroidism, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (34.6%,
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion
Combined use of AF and ICGF during total thyroidectomy reduces the risk of transient postoperative hypoparathyroidism, enhances the ability to identify and preserve PGs, and improves the accuracy of evaluating the perfusion of PGs during surgery.
Clinical Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Register (
www.chictr.org.cn
), identifier ChiCTR2100045320. Registered on April 12, 2021.
It is crucial to diagnose lymph node (LN) metastases (LNM) before or during thyroid carcinoma surgery. Measurement of thyroglobulin (Tg) in the fine needle aspirate washout (FNA-Tg) is useful to ...assist in the diagnosis of LNM for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of a new technique based on a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay (GICA) for intraoperative FNA-Tg in diagnosing LNM.
This study is registered with chictr.org.cn, ID: ChiCTR2200063561 (registered 11 September, 2022).
This prospective study enrolled 51 PTC patients who underwent cervical LN dissection. A total of 150 LNs dissected from the central and lateral compartments were evaluated by FNA-Tg-GICA at three different time points and compared with frozen sections and the conventional Tg measurement method electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC), cutoff value to discriminate benign and malignant LNs, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were provided.
The cutoff value of FNA-Tg to predict LNM was 110.83 ng/mL for ECLIA and 13.19 ng/mL, 38.69 ng/mL, and 77.17 ng/mL for GICA at 3, 10, and 15 min, respectively. There was no significant difference between the AUCs of GICA at different time points compared to using ECLIA and frozen sections. Besides, the diagnostic performance of GICA and ECLIA showed no significant difference in evaluating LNM from central and lateral compartments or between the TgAb-positive subgroup and TgAb-negative subgroup.
GICA is a promising method for intraoperative FNA-Tg measurement and has high value in predicting LNM. It may be a novel alternative or supplementary method to frozen section or ECLIA.
The feasibility of endoscopic thyroidectomy by complete areola approach (ETCA) remains controversial. This study was conducted by combining our clinical data with the data obtained from a systematic ...review literature search to examine the effectiveness and safety of ETCA compared with conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).
A total of 136 patients with a diagnosis of DTC who underwent unilateral thyroidectomy with central neck dissection from August 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled. The enrolled patients were divided into the ETCA group (
= 73) and the COT group (
= 63). The operative time, intraoperative bleeding volume, number of removed lymph nodes, number of metastatic lymph nodes, postoperative drainage volume, length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and complications were analyzed. Then, a systemic review and comprehensive literature search were conducted by using PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP database up to June 2022. Review Manager software version 5.3 was used for the meta-analysis.
The results of clinical data showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in the operative time, intraoperative bleeding volume, removed lymph nodes, and postoperative drainage volume. There were no statistical differences in the length of postoperative hospital stay, number of metastatic lymph nodes, postoperative PTH level, and complications. In the systematic review and meta-analysis, 2,153 patients from fourteen studies (including our data) were ultimately included. The results of the meta-analysis found that ETCA had a longer operative time, larger postoperative drainage volume, and lower intraoperative bleeding volume. In terms of the length of postoperative hospital stay, the number of removed lymph nodes, and surgical complications, there was no significant difference between the two groups.
ETCA poses lower surgical bleeding and better cosmetic appearance compared with COT, while the length of operation and postoperative drainage in ETCA is less favorable compared with COT. In addition, ETCA is not inferior to COT in terms of the postoperative hospitalization stay, the number of removed lymph nodes, and surgical complications. Given its overall advantages and risks, ETCA is an effective and safe alternative for patients with cosmetic concerns.
FAS cell surface death receptor (FAS) gene has 2 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its promoter, FAS-1377G > A (rs2234767) and FAS-670A > G (rs1800682). Several studies have ...investigated the role of these 2 polymorphisms in etiology of breast cancer in Asian population while the outcomes are inconsistent. To derive a more precise assessment of the association between breast cancer susceptibility with FAS gene promoter SNPs, a meta-analysis of published studies was performed.
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Chinese biomedical database (CBM) for papers published until November 1, 2018. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidential interval (95%CI) was conducted to evaluate the associations. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata13.0 software. A total of 8 studies covering 2564 cases and 2633 controls were included.
The integrated results suggest the following: For the FAS-1377G/A polymorphism, we only found significant associations for allele G vs allele A (OR = 1.100, 95%CI = 1.004-1.206, P = .040). After stratification by ethnicity, a significant association was observed only for the AA+GA vs GG genotype in East Asian populations (OR = 1.177, 95% CI = 1.010-1.371, P = .037). The association was not found in West Asian populations. For the FAS -670A/G polymorphism, no association with cancer risk was found in any comparison model. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the meta-analysis results obtained after excluding any single study were similar to the original ones, suggesting that the meta-analysis results were not significantly affected by any single study.
These results indicated that FAS-1377G/A polymorphism may contribute to the increased breast cancer susceptibility and could be a promising target for cancer risk prediction. Further studies are needed to determine if the FAS gene confers a risk of breast cancer in other ethnic groups, such as Africans and Latin Americans.
An increasing number of studies have highlighted the potential link between EXO1 polymorphisms and cancer risk, although no consensus has yet been obtained. Thus, we aimed to obtain a thorough and ...current assessment of EXO1 polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility by performing a meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature retrieval was performed on PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science and Wanfang databases. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to assess the results. Finally, 39 case-control studies of the nine EXO1 polymorphisms that involved 21,651 cases and 21,348 controls met our inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis indicated that the rs1047840 polymorphism conferred a significantly increased susceptibility to cancer in an allelic model. Similarly, the rs3754093, rs1776177, rs9350, rs10802996, rs1635498, rs1776148 and rs851797 polymorphisms were also associated with an increased susceptibility to cancer in an allelic model, respectively, while no significant association was identified for rs1635517 polymorphism. For the rs1047840 polymorphism, in an ethnicity subgroup analysis, a significantly increased susceptibility to cancer for Asians was identified in all the genetic models, and for Caucasians in an allelic model. Our findings provide the evidence that the rs1047840, rs9350, rs10802996, rs1635498, rs1776148, rs1776177, rs3754093 and rs851797 polymorphisms may act as risk factors for cancer.
BACKGROUND Breast diseases pose increasing threat to women health as peoples lifestyle changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical application value of Palpation Imaging (PI) in ...the diagnosis of breast diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS From October 2019 to February 2020, 184 patients with 225 breast lesions were examined by using PI, ultrasound, and mammography in the department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. All cases were confirmed pathologically by core-needle biopsy or excisional biopsy. The cut-off value of the PI tests was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. We compared the examination results of PI with ultrasound and mammography to analyze the diagnostic value of PI. RESULTS Pathological examination revealed that 186/225(82.67%) lesions were benign, while 39 were malignant. All 8 parameters of PI were significantly correlated with pathological findings (P<0.05). The best cut-off value for the PI score was 19.5 and the area under the curve (AUC) for the PI was 0.921 (95% CI: 0.874-0.968, P<0.001) with 89.7% sensitivity and 86.0% specificity. PI showed greater sensitivity (89.7%) and its specificity (86.0% vs. 86.4%, P=0.931) and accuracy (86.7% vs. 84.6%, P=0.604) were similar to those of mammography. The combination of 3 types of test is superior to a single examination. The sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 98.8%. CONCLUSIONS PI has high clinical value in differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions. Combination examination has the potential to improve the detection of breast cancer in screening and diagnostic capacities and can be used as a supplement to ultrasound and mammography.
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) polymorphisms have been shown to correlated with breast cancer risk in previous studies. However, the role of CAV1 polymorphisms still remained indecisive, and dual functions of ...CAV1 was demonstrated in breast cancer development. Consequently, a meta-analysis to evaluate and summarize the association of the CAV1 polymorphisms with breast cancer susceptibility.
Extensive search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, EMBASE.com, CNKI and Wanfang searching platform up to March 2019. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of each study. The Odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed to evaluate the strength of the associations in five genetic models. Inter-study heterogeneity was quantified using the I-squared (I2) test. In addition, the Egger’s test and Begg’s test were applied to evaluate the publication bias.
4 case-control studies with 2115 cases and 2138 controls were enrolled into this analysis. There was a significant association between rs3807987 polymorphism of CAV1 and breast cancer in allele comparison (A vs. G: OR = 1.288, 95％CI = 1.162–1.428, P < 0.001), heterozygote comparison (AG vs. GG: OR= 1.422, 95％CI=1.233–1.639, P < 0.001), and dominant comparison (AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.395, 95％CI=1.228-1.586, P < 0.001). A significant association of rs3807987 polymorphism in allele comparison (A vs. G: OR=1.238, 95％CI=1.109–1.383, P < 0.001), heterozygote comparison (AG VS. GG: OR=1.466, 95％CI=1.267–1.697, P < 0.05), and dominant comparison (AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.384, 95％CI=1.209–1.585, P < 0.001) was also founded amongst Chinese population. A significant association between rs7804372 polymorphism and breast cancer amongst Chinese population in recessive comparison (AA vs. AT + TT: OR = 0.730, 95％CI = 0.567–0.940, P = 0.015) was identified. No significant association between breast cancer risk and rs1997623 was found.
CAV1 rs3807987 and rs7804372 polymorphisms are associated with the change of breast cancer risk. More well-designed and large studies in various populations are needed to further elaborate these associations.
Previous researches on the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use and the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 has generated inconsistent findings. Therefore, this meta-analysis was ...conducted to clarify the outcome in patients who take PPIs. Eight articles with more than 268,683 subjects were included. PPI use was not associated with increased or decreased risk of COVID-19 infection (OR:3.16, 95% CI=0.74-13.43, P=0.12) or mortality risk of COVID-19 patients (OR=1.91, 95% CI=0.86-4.24, P=0.11). While it can add risk of severe disease (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.20-1.99, P<0.001;) and secondary infection (OR=4.33, 95% CI=2.57-7.29). In summary, PPI use is not associated with an increased risk of infection and may not change the mortality risk of COVID-19, but appeared to be associated with an increased risk of progression to severe disease and secondary infection. However, more original studies to further clarify the relationship between PPI and COVID-19 are still urgently needed.
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