Objectives
To evaluate the worldwide prevalence and epidemiology profile of burning mouth syndrome.
Material and Methods
A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. Search strategies were ...performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database for studies published before January 31, 2021, for the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome.
Results
Eighteen articles were included. The overall pooled prevalence of burning mouth syndrome was 1.73% (95% CI = 0.176–0.351, n = 26,632) in general population, and 7.72% (95% CI = 0.434–0.691, n = 86,591) in clinical patients. The subgroup analysis by continent showed that among the population‐based studies the prevalence in Asia (1.05%) lower than in Europe (5.58%) and North America (1.10%). The subgroup analysis by gender showed the prevalence of female (1.15%) was higher than male (0.38%) in general population. The subgroup analysis by age showed the prevalence was higher for people over 50 (3.31%) than under 50 (1.92%).
Conclusions
The pooled prevalence of burning mouth syndrome was relatively high in both general population and clinical patients, varies in different regions with the highest prevalence in Europe, and females over 50 years were the most susceptible group. More epidemiological surveys on the prevalence of burning mouth syndrome are needed.
Background. Behcet’s disease (BD) is an autoimmune disease of systemic vasculitis with an unclear pathogenesis. Although western medicines remain the mainstay interventions, effectiveness and safety ...are significant challenges. Complementary and alternative medicine, including herbal medicine, are gaining more attention. Chinese medicine decoctions, which have been used for centuries, are the most common form of traditional therapies. Objective. The purpose of the review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicine decoctions in the treatment of BD. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for BD treatment with Chinese medicine decoctions were searched in six electronic databases until March 2021. Primary outcomes were total effective rate, recovery rate, and recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes were clinical feature scores (oral ulcers, eye lesions, genital ulcers, skin lesions, arthropathies, fever, and pathergy reactions) and laboratory index levels (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and immunoglobulin A). The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Handbook, and a meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.4.1. Results. Sixteen RCTs with 924 patients were included in the review. The meta-analysis indicated that Chinese medicine decoctions were effective for BD when compared with control groups for all the primary outcomes and 7/10 of the secondary outcomes. Adverse events were reported in 11 of the 16 RCTs, with the Chinese medicine decoctions possibly having fewer adverse events than western drugs. This review included a range of classical prescriptions. An additional meta-analysis of modified Gancao Xiexin Decoction for BD treatment was conducted. Gancao Xiexin decoction is also discussed as a representative prescription, as well as high-frequency herbs, and warrants further exploration for individualized medicine and pharmacology. Conclusion. Chinese medicine decoctions have the potential to be effective and safe for treating BD. However, additional well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm the findings because of the unsatisfactory quality of the included studies.
The transient characteristics of short‐circuit current (SCC) in doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) are quite different from the widely researched conventional synchronous machines. However, the ...second harmonic characteristics of SCC that impact the reliability of the transformer protection have not been accurately analysed. This paper presents the generation mechanism of second harmonic SCC in DFIG by deducing the dynamic response of rotor‐side converter, with particular attention to the influences of the voltage drop, harmonic component of stator voltage, frequency coupling, and deviation of the phase‐locked loop. When grid fault occurs, the terminal voltage sag leads to fluctuations in the active power, then the response of converter to power fluctuation and the frequency coupling leads to the second harmonic current in the abc reference frame. And the second harmonic current injected into the grid leads to fluctuations in the voltage disturbance term and deviation of the phase‐locked loop, which, in turn, affects the second harmonic current. Based on the analysis, the mitigation measures for the second harmonic current are proposed. Simulations are implemented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory inflammatory disease with imbalances in intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Cuproptosis serves as newly identified programmed cell death (PCD) form involved in UC. ...In the study, UC-related datasets were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A comparison of UC patients and healthy controls identified 11 differentially expressed cuproptosis-related genes (DE-CRGs), where FDX1, LIAS, and DLAT were differentially expressed in UC groups from the mouse models and clinical samples, with their expression correlating with disease severity. By comprehending weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis, the key genes common to the module genes relevant to different cuproptosis-related clusters and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) both in different clusters and patients with and without UC were identified using several bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of four characteristic genes with diagnostic potential demonstrated significant decrease in both mouse models and clinical UC samples. Our discoveries offer a theoretical foundation for cuproptosis effect in UC.
This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the quality of life of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to construct a disease recurrence prediction model based on these ...influencing factors.
A prospective, single-center study in China was conducted between October 2020 and March 2021. The quality of life of patients was assessed using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the quality of life of patients with IBD. The chi-square test and the point-biserial correlation analysis were performed to identify factors associated with clinical recurrence. A binary logistic regression model was constructed to predict the recurrence. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prediction model. Patients with IBD from April 2021 to June 2021 were randomly included for model verification to evaluate the disease recurrence prediction model.
The average IBDQ score of patients with IBD was 172.2 ± 35.0 (decreased by 23.2%). The scores of all dimensions of the IBDQ were decreased, especially emotional function and systemic symptoms. Disease activity, age, extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), and annual household income were important factors influencing the IBDQ scores of patients with ulcerative colitis, and these accounted for ~57.0% of the factors affecting the quality of life. Disease activity, EIMs, and occupational stress were important factors influencing the IBDQ scores of patients with Crohn's disease, and they accounted for approximately 75.1% of the factors affecting the quality of life. Annual household income, occupational stress, and IBDQ scores were independent risk factors for recurrence. The area under the curve of the recurrence prediction model was 81.1%. The sensitivity and specificity were 81.7 and 71.7%, respectively. The Youden index of the model was 0.534. The established recurrence prediction model has good discriminant validity in the validation cohort.
The quality of life of patients with IBD was generally poor. The use of factors affecting the quality of life to predict disease recurrence has high predictive value and can support the management of IBD by selecting patients at a higher risk for relapse.
Ginkgo biloba is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from the Ginkgophyta and is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. Clinical trials have demonstrated the ...clinical benefits of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) preparations for patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP).
The efficacy of different GBE preparations in treating UAP may vary, leading to a lack of guidance for physicians when choosing GBE preparations. How to make choices among different GBE preparations is a topic worthy of investigation. In order to clarify the efficacy differences among different GBE preparations, provide a reference for their optimal use conditions, this study was conducted.
This study included literature from eight databases from inception to November 2023. It included UAP patients, with the control group receiving conventional treatment and the treatment group receiving different GBE preparations in addition to conventional treatment. Angina efficacy, electrocardiogram (ECG) improvement, and frequency of angina were chosen as outcomes. This study employed a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis, and the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve was used for estimating the efficacy ranking.
A total of 98 studies involving 9513 patients and 9 interventions were included. Compared with conventional treatment, GBE preparations combined with conventional treatment had better efficacy in angina symptoms and ECG improvement. According to the SUCRA ranking, Shuxuening injection was most effective in improving angina symptoms and reducing the frequency of angina. Among oral GBE preparations, Ginkgo tablets had the best performance in improving angina symptoms and ECG manifestations, and reducing the frequency of angina. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the treatment group and the control group, and all adverse events were mild and self-limiting. Compared with oral preparations, the incidence of adverse events for injections was higher.
GBE preparations may alleviate angina symptoms and myocardial ischemia in the treatment of UAP with favorable safety. Shuxuening injection may be the most effective among all GBE preparations in improving angina symptoms, while Ginkgo tablets may perform best among oral formulations. The optimal use of GBE injection may be for rapidly alleviating angina symptoms and myocardial ischemia in patients with UAP, and oral formulation of GBE may be more suitable for the long-term treatment of patients with milder symptoms.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022361487, ID: CRD42022361487.
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Sterol regulatory element-binding protein （SREBP） transcription factors are master regulators of cellular lipid homeostasis in mammals and oxygen-responsive regulators of hypoxic adaptation in fungi. ...SREBP C-terminus binds to the WD40 domain of SREBP cleavage-activating protein （SCAP）, which confers sterol regulation by controlling the ER-to-Golgi transport of the SREBP-SCAP complex and access to the activating proteases in the Golgi. Here, we biochemically and structurally show that the carboxyl terminal domains （CTD） of Srel and Scpl, the fission yeast SREBP and SCAP, form a functional 4：4 oligomer and SreI-CTD forms a dimer of dimers. The crystal structure of Sre1-CTD at 3.5 A and cryo-EM structure of the complex at 5.4 A together with in vitro biochemical evidence eluci- date three distinct regions in SreI-CTD required for Scpl binding, SreI-CTD dimerization and tetrameric formation. Finally, these structurally identified domains are validated in a cellular context, demonstrating that the proper 4：4 oligomeric complex formation is required for Srel activation.
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein （SREBP） and SREBP cleavage-activating protein （SCAP） are central players in the SREBP pathway, which control the cellular lipid homeostasis. SCAP binds ...to SREBP through their carboxyl （C） domains and escorts SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi upon sterol depletion. A conserved pathway, with the homologues of SREBP and SCAP being Srel and Scpl, was identified in fission yeast Schizosaccharomycespombe. Here we report the in vitro reconstitution of the complex between the C domains of Srel and Scpl as well as the crystal structure of the WD40 domain of Scpl at 2.1 ~ resolution. The structure reveals an eight-bladed 5-propeller that exhibits several distinctive features from a canonical WD40 repeat domain. Structural and biochemical characterization led to the identification of two Scpl elements that are involved in Srel recognition, an Arg/Lys-enriched surface patch on the top face of the WD40 propeller and a 30-residue C-terminal tail. The struc- tural and biochemical findings were corroborated by in vivo examinations. These studies serve as a framework for the mechanistic understanding and further functional characterization of the SREBP and SCAP proteins in fission yeast and higher organisms.
Developing highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for the effectiveness of water splitting. Low‐cost spinel oxides have attracted increasing interest as ...alternatives to noble metal–based OER catalysts. A rational design of spinel catalysts can be guided by studying the structural/elemental properties that determine the reaction mechanism and activity. Here, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is found that the relative position of O p‐band and MOh (Co and Ni in octahedron) d‐band center in ZnCo2−xNixO4 (x = 0–2) correlates with its stability as well as the possibility for lattice oxygen to participate in OER. Therefore, it is testified by synthesizing ZnCo2−xNixO4 spinel oxides, investigating their OER performance and surface evolution. Stable ZnCo2−xNixO4 (x = 0–0.4) follows adsorbate evolving mechanism under OER conditions. Lattice oxygen participates in the OER of metastable ZnCo2−xNixO4 (x = 0.6, 0.8) which gives rise to continuously formed oxyhydroxide as surface‐active species and consequently enhances activity. ZnCo1.2Ni0.8O4 exhibits performance superior to the benchmarked IrO2. This work illuminates the design of highly active metastable spinel electrocatalysts through the prediction of the reaction mechanism and OER activity by determining the relative positions of the O p‐band and the MOh d‐band center.
Metastable spinel oxides for efficient water oxidation can be designed by a graduate substitution strategy. A systematic study on Ni‐substituted spinel ZnCo2O4 indicates the relative position of M 3d and O 2p as an indicator of lattice oxygen stability. With Ni substitution, the surface reconstruction is activated toward a spinel with lattice oxygen mechanism for water oxidation.
Owing to the space–air–ground integrated networks (SAGIN), seaborne shipping has attracted increasing interest in the research on the motion behavior knowledge extraction and navigation pattern ...mining problems in the era of maritime big data for improving maritime traffic safety management. This study aims to develop a novel unsupervised methodology for feature extraction and knowledge discovery based on automatic identification system (AIS) data, allowing for seamless knowledge transfer to support trajectory data mining. The unsupervised hierarchical methodology is constructed from three parts: trajectory compression, trajectory similarity measure, and trajectory clustering. In the first part, an adaptive Douglas–Peucker with speed (ADPS) algorithm is created to preserve critical features, obtain useful information, and simplify trajectory information. Then, dynamic time warping (DTW) is utilized to measure the similarity between trajectories as the critical indicator in trajectory clustering. Finally, the improved spectral clustering with mapping (ISCM) is presented to extract vessel traffic behavior characteristics and mine movement patterns for enhancing marine safety and situational awareness. Comprehensive experiments are conducted and implemented in the Chengshan Jiao Promontory in China to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel methodology. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology can effectively compress the trajectories, determine the number of clusters in advance, guarantee the clustering accuracy, and extract useful navigation knowledge while significantly reducing the computational cost. The clustering results are further explored and follow the Gaussian mixture distribution, which can help provide new discriminant criteria for trajectory clustering.
•Put forward an unsupervised hierarchical methodology for maritime knowledge discovery.•Develop an adaptive Douglas–Peucker with speed algorithm to extract critical features.•Propose the improved spectral clustering with mapping to mine the hidden patterns.•Demonstrate the advantages of the hierarchical methodology by clustering experiments.•Reveal the distribution characteristics based on the similarity distribution fitting.
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