In this letter, we investigate the rebound dynamics of two equally sized droplets simultaneously impacting a superhydrophobic surface via lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations. We discover three ...rebound regimes depending on the center‐to‐center distance between the two droplets: a complete‐coalescence‐rebound (CCR) regime, a partial‐coalescence‐rebound (PCR) regime, and a no‐coalescence‐rebound (NCR) regime. We demonstrate that all the rebound regimes are closely associated with dynamic behaviors of the formed liquid ridge or bridge between the two droplets. We also present the contact time in the three regimes. Intriguingly, although partial coalescence takes place, the contact time is still dramatically shortened in the PCR regime, which is even smaller than that of single‐droplet impact. These findings provide new insights into the contact time of multiple‐droplet impact and thereby offering useful guidance for some applications such as anti‐icing, self‐cleaning, and so forth.
Endometriosis is defined as an oestrogen‐dependent and inflammatory gynaecological disease of which the pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cellular heterogeneity and ...reveal the effect of CD8+ T cells on the progress of endometriosis. Three ovarian endometriosis patients were collected, and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) progressed and delineated the cellular landscape of endometriosis containing five cell clusters. The endometrial cells (EMCs) were the major component, of which the mesenchymal cells were preponderant and characterized with increased inflammation and oestrogen synthesis in endometriosis. The proportion of T cells, mainly CD8+ T cells rather than CD4+, was reduced in endometriotic lesions, and the cytokines and cytotoxicity of ectopic T cells were depressed. CD8+ T cells depressed the proliferation of ESCs through inhibiting CDK1/CCNB1 pathway to arrest the cell cycle and triggered inflammation through activating STAT1 pathway. Correspondingly, the coculture with ESCs resulted in the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells through upregulating STAT1/PDCD1 pathway and glycolysis‐promoted metabolism reprogramming. The endometriotic lesions were larger in nude mouse models with T‐cell deficiency than the normal mouse models. The inhibition of T cells via CD90.2 or CD8A antibody increased the endometriotic lesions in mouse models, and the supplement of T cells to nude mouse models diminished the lesion sizes. In conclusion, this study revealed the global cellular variation of endometriosis among which the cellular count and physiology of EMCs and T cells were significantly changed. The depressed cytotoxicity and aberrant metabolism of CD8+ T cells were induced by ESCs with the activation of STAT1/PDCD1 pathway resulting in immune survival to promote endometriosis.
The proportion of T cells, mainly CD8+ T cells rather than CD4+, was reduced in endometriotic lesions, and the cytokines and cytotoxicity of ectopic T cells were depressed. CD8+ T cells depressed the proliferation of ESCs through inhibiting CDK1/CCNB1 pathway to arrest the cell cycle and triggered inflammation through activating STAT1 pathway. The coculture with ESCs resulted in the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells through upregulating STAT1/PDCD1 pathway and glycolysis‐promoted metabolism reprogramming.
In this work, a robust and easy-to-handle strategy was developed to fabricate silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-decorated filter paper as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate using dip-coating ...method only with the assistance of chloride ions. Filter paper was modified with chloride ions for chemisorption of Ag NPs, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between Ag NPs and paper. The effect of laser-induced substrate deformation was studied. The enhancement factor of the substrate was higher than 6.4 × 10
5
with a limit of detection of 1 × 10
−8
M for 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. The Ag NPs-decorated paper substrate exhibits a good uniformity and can be stored for more than 2 months with negligible degradation. This substrate has great potential for detecting food contaminations, environment polluters and biomolecules.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects millions of people. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) located in rheumatoid panni play a pivotal role in the formation of RA. The ...long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 is reportedly downregulated in rheumatoid arthritis. However, its detailed mechanism in RA remains to be explored. This study investigated the roles and related mechanisms of GAS5 in RA.
The expression levels of GAS5, miR-222-3p, and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) were evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 and BrdU assays. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to evaluate the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The interaction between GAS5 or Sirt1 and miR-222-3p was predicted by starBase and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay.
GAS5 expression was found to be downregulated in the serum samples of RA patients and in RA-FLSs. GAS5 overexpression or the inhibition of miR-222-3p impeded the activity of RA-FLSs by repressing their proliferation and inflammation and by promoting apoptosis. Mechanistically, GAS5 indirectly regulates Sirt1 expression by binding miR-222-3p. Further experiments confirmed that Sirt1 overexpression restored the anti-RA activity of GAS5 under miR-222-3p mimic.
The miR-222-3p/Sirt1 axis was found to be critical for the function of GAS5 in regulating the proliferation, inflammation, and apoptosis of RA-FLSs. These data indicate GAS5 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy for RA progression.
Current literature has indicated that Peyronie's disease (PD) could be initiated by microtrauma and the subsequent inflammation episodes that follow. PD could be sorted into acute or chronic status, ...and it can differ when selecting the clinical therapeutics. PD would cause pain and penile deformity to diseased men and impair their erectile function. Occasionally, surgical revision of the penis might be needed to correct the penile curvature. We find that there are limited effective options of intra-lesion injections for the PD plaques. By searching the databases and screening the literature with the PRISMA 2020 guideline, we observed that several preclinical studies that applied stem cell therapy in treating PD were fruitful in the acute phase. Although in the chronic phase of PD, erectile parameters were not significantly improved, and therefore, future studies might be better elevated in certain aspects, such as the sites selected for harvesting stem cells or changing the centrifugation forces. In this review, we concluded the contemporary understanding of inflammatory microenvironments in PD, the stem cell therapy in PD, and our perspectives on future studies. We concluded that there may be great potential in stem cell therapy for treating both acute and chronic phases PD.
We investigate the dynamic behaviors of two droplets simultaneously impacting an inclined superhydrophobic substrate via lattice Boltzmann method simulations. We discover that, for the case of two ...droplets impacting an inclined substrate, there are three rebound patterns depending on the droplet spacing and the inclination angle, i.e., a complete-coalescence-rebound (CCR) pattern, a partial-coalescence-rebound (PCR) pattern, and a no-coalescence-rebound (NCR) pattern. Intriguingly, the inclination angle shows completely opposite effects on the rebound dynamics, i.e., when the droplets are placed laterally, the PCR pattern is more restricted and the contact time is more delayed with increasing of the inclination angle; while when the droplets are placed tangentially, the PCR pattern is more promoted and the contact time is more shortened. More interestingly, once the rebound pattern changes, the contact time changes dramatically, especially when the rebound pattern transforms from CCR/NCR to PCR, the contact time presents a sudden and significant decrease. These findings provide new insights into estimation of the contact time of multiple droplets impacting an inclined superhydrophobic substrate.
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Tillage methods affect soil heat, water, nutrients and soil biology in different ways. Reasonable soil management system can not only improve physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also ...change the ecological process of farmland soil. Conservation tillage can improve the quality of the soil to different degrees. For example, no-tillage system can effectively improve soil enzyme activity. No tillage and subsoiling tillage can provide abundant resources for soil microbe' s growth and reproduction. No tillage, minimum tillage and other conservation tillage methods exert little disturbance to soil animals, and in turn affect the quantity and diversity of the soil animals as well as their population structure. Effects of different tillage methods on soil physical and chemical properties as well as biological characteristics were reviewed in this article, with the soil physical and chemical indices, enzyme activities, soil microbe diversity and soil animals under different tillage patterns analyzed. The p
Responses of plant diversity and primary productivity to nutrient addition in a Stipa baicalensis grassland, China YU Li, SONG Xiao-long, ZHAO Jian-ning, WANG Hui, BAI Long, YANG Dian-lin (1Key Lab of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China 2College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R.China)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture,
10/2015, Letnik:
14, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Nutrient addition can affect the structure and diversity of grassland plant communities, thus alter the grassland productivity. Studies on grassland plant community composition, structure and ...diversity in response to nutrient addition have an important theoretical and practical significance for the scientific management of grassland, protection of plant diversity and the recovery of degraded grassland. A randomized block design experiment was conducted with six blocks of eight treatments each： control（no nutrient addition） and K, P, N, PK, NK, NP, and NPK addition. We evaluated plant composition, height, coverage, density, and aboveground biomass to estimate primary productivity and plant diversity. Results showed that all treatments increased primary productivity significantly（P〈0.05） with the exception of the K and the NPK treatments had the greatest effect, increasing aboveground biomass 2.46 times compared with the control（P〈0.05）. One-way ANOVA and factorial analysis were used for the species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and aboveground biomass, and the relationships between the diversity indices and aboveground biomass were determined through linear regression. We found that fertilization altered the community structure; N（but not P or K） addition increased the proportion of perennial rhizome grasses and significantly reduced that of perennial forbs（P〈0.05）, thus it presented a trend of decrease in species richness, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indexex, respectively. Only the main effects of N had significant impacts on both the diversity indices and the aboveground biomass（P〈0.05）, and the interactions between N-P, N-K, P-K and N-P-K could be neglected. With fertilization, plant diversity（correlation coefficient, –0.61）, species richness（–0.49）, and species evenness（–0.51） were all negatively linearly correlated with primary productivity. The correlations were all significant（P〈0.01）. Scientific nutrient management is an effective way to improve grassland productivity, protect the plant diversity as well as recover the degraded grassland.
Nitrite oxidation, driven by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, is an important step of nitrification and thus plays a vital role in biogeochemical nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems. Although ...biochar has been widely recognized as a promising material for use in vegetable fields to slowly release nutrients, the current understanding of how nitrite oxidizers respond to the application of biochar in a plastic greenhouse vegetable field is very limited. A soil incubation experiment showed that soil nitrite oxidation was increased by 13.0%, 35.0% and 64.2% (P < 0.05) with the application of 0.5% (C0.5), 1.5% (C1.5), and 4.0% (C4.0) biochar (mass ratio), respectively. Methods including qPCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were also used to explore the impact of biochar on functional communities involved in nitrite oxidation. Nitrobacter and Nitrospira were the main genera of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and were assumed to be very important in the soil environment. Moreover, the increases in soil nitrite oxidation were positively correlated with the abundance of Nitrobacter-like NOB (P < 0.05) but not the Nitrospira-like NOB gene abundance. Furthermore, biochar application combined with nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the Nitrobacter community composition, with lineages such as Nitrobacter alkalicus and Nitrobacter vulgaris being significantly enriched. Redundancy analysis indicated that the observed variations in the Nitrobacter community structure were associated with changes in soil microbial biomass nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen induced by biochar. These results implied that Nitrobacter rather than Nitrospira was significantly improved by biochar added to the soil for vegetable production.
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•Biochar stimulated the soil nitrite oxidizing potential.•Biochar significantly increased the relative abundance of Nitrobacter compared with Nitrospira.•Nitrobacter variations were significantly associated with available nitrogen.•The most impacted Nitrobacter lineages were N. vulgaris and N. alkalicus.
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