The transfer of fresh embryos is generally preferred over the transfer of frozen embryos for in vitro fertilization (IVF), but some evidence suggests that frozen-embryo transfer may improve the ...live-birth rate and lower the rates of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and pregnancy complications in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.
In this multicenter trial, we randomly assigned 1508 infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome who were undergoing their first IVF cycle to undergo either fresh-embryo transfer or embryo cryopreservation followed by frozen-embryo transfer. After 3 days of embryo development, women underwent the transfer of up to two fresh or frozen embryos. The primary outcome was a live birth after the first embryo transfer.
Frozen-embryo transfer resulted in a higher frequency of live birth after the first transfer than did fresh-embryo transfer (49.3% vs. 42.0%), for a rate ratio of 1.17 (95% confidence interval CI, 1.05 to 1.31; P=0.004). Women who underwent frozen-embryo transfer also had a lower frequency of pregnancy loss (22.0% vs. 32.7%), for a rate ratio of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.83; P<0.001), and of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (1.3% vs. 7.1%), for a rate ratio of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.37; P<0.001), but a higher frequency of preeclampsia (4.4% vs. 1.4%), for a rate ratio of 3.12 (95% CI, 1.26 to 7.73; P=0.009). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of other pregnancy and neonatal complications. There were five neonatal deaths in the frozen-embryo group and none in the fresh-embryo group (P=0.06).
Among infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome, frozen-embryo transfer was associated with a higher rate of live birth, a lower risk of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and a higher risk of preeclampsia after the first transfer than was fresh-embryo transfer. (Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01841528.).
In this review, we summarize existing research on a variety of environmental factors potentially involved in the etiology, prevalence, and modulation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and we ...suggest avenues for future research. The main environmental factors we consider include environmental toxins, diet and nutrition, socioeconomic status, and geography. There is some evidence that environmental toxins play a role in disrupting reproductive health, but there is limited research as to how these toxins may affect the development of PCOS. Although research has also shown that PCOS symptoms are reduced with certain dietary supplements and with weight loss among obese women, additional research is needed to compare various approaches to weight loss, as well as nutritional factors that may play a role in preventing or mitigating the development of PCOS. Limited studies indicate some association of low socioeconomic status with certain PCOS phenotypes, and future research should consider socioeconomic conditions during childhood or adolescence that may be more relevant to the developmental onset of PCOS. Finally, the limited scope of comparable international studies on PCOS needs to be addressed, because global patterns of PCOS are potentially valuable indicators of cultural, environmental, and genetic factors that may contribute to excess risk in certain regions of the world.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the normative cut-off score that defines hirsutism among Chinese women, and the effect of age, menstrual irregularities, and polycystic ovaries on the same. DESIGN: ...Cross-sectional, population-based study. SETTING: A multistage systematic cluster random sampling among 16 communities from two rural and two city regions. PATIENT(S): A representative sample of 2,988 women aged 20–45 years from the general population of Southern China. INTERVENTION(S): Subjects underwent physical and ultrasound evaluations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Terminal hair growth was assessed using the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) scoring system. RESULT(S): An mFG score ≥5 was observed in 10% and a score of ≥2 in 25% of the subjects. Cluster analysis identified an mFG score of 5 as the cut-off value that defines abnormal terminal facial and body hair growth in a male pattern (i.e., hirsutism) in the total population; scores of 6, 5, and 4 for women aged 20–25, 26–30, and >30 years, respectively. Defined by these cut-off values, the prevalence of hirsutism in our total population was 10.5%; and decreased with increasing age: 14.4%, 10.7%, 7.9%, 3.6%, and 1.5%, respectively, in women aged 20–25, 26–30, 31–35, 36–40, and 41–45 years. Furthermore, the incidence of acne, menses irregularities, polycystic ovaries, and acanthosis nigricans were significantly increased among the hirsute women. CONCLUSION(S): An mFG score of 5 or greater indicates hair growth above the norm among women in the general Southern Chinese population, a cut-off value that decreases with increasing age.
Following a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS 1) including 744 cases and 895 controls, we analyzed genome-wide association data from a new cohort of Han Chinese (GWAS 2) with 1,510 ...polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cases and 2,016 controls. We followed up significantly associated signals identified in the combined results of GWAS 1 and 2 in a total of 8,226 cases and 7,578 controls. In addition to confirming the three loci we previously reported, we identify eight new PCOS association signals at P < 5 × 10(-8): 9q22.32, 11q22.1, 12q13.2, 12q14.3, 16q12.1, 19p13.3, 20q13.2 and a second independent signal at 2p16.3 (the FSHR gene). These PCOS association signals show evidence of enrichment for candidate genes related to insulin signaling, sexual hormone function and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Other candidate genes were related to calcium signaling and endocytosis. Our findings provide new insight and direction for discovering the biological mechanisms of PCOS.
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), also named citrus greening disease, occurs worldwide and is known as a citrus cancer without an effective treatment. The symptoms of HLB are similar to those of ...nutritional deficiency or other disease. The methods based on single-source information, such as RGB images or hyperspectral data, are not able to achieve great detection performance. In this study, a multi-modal feature fusion network, combining a RGB image network and hyperspectral band extraction network, was proposed to recognize HLB from four categories (HLB, suspected HLB, Zn-deficient, and healthy). Three contributions including a dimension-reduction scheme for hyperspectral data based on a soft attention mechanism, a feature fusion proposal based on a bilinear fusion method, and auxiliary classifiers to extract more useful information are introduced in this manuscript. The multi-modal feature fusion network can effectively classify the above four types of citrus leaves and is better than single-modal classifiers. In experiments, the highest accuracy of multi-modal network recognition was 97.89% when the amount of data was not very abundant (1,325 images of the four aforementioned types and 1,325 pieces of hyperspectral data), while the single-modal network with RGB images only achieved 87.98% recognition and the single-modal network using hyperspectral information only 89%. Results show that the proposed multi-modal network implementing the concept of multi-source information fusion provides a better way to detect citrus HLB and citrus deficiency.
This meta-analysis analyzed the clinical pregnancy outcomes of repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients treated with immunomodulatory therapies. Publications (published by August 16, 2021) were ...identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The quality of the studies was evaluated with the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and a network meta-analysis was performed with Stata 14.0. The outcomes were clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR), and implantation rate (IR). The results of our network meta-analysis of 16 RCTs (including 2,008 participants) show that PBMCs, PRP, and SC-GCSF can significantly improve the CPR compared with LMWH (PBMCs: OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.21-3.83; PRP: OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.08-5.24; SC-GCSF: OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.05-5.72). The LBR of PRP was significantly higher than those of IU-GCSF (OR 3.81; 95% CI 1.22-11.86), LMWH (OR 4.38; 95% CI 1.50-12.90), and intralipid (OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.03-14.29), and the LBR of PBMCs was also significantly better than that of LMWH (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.14-4.85). Furthermore, PRP treatment significantly improved the IR compared with LMWH treatment (OR 2.81; 95% CI 1.07-7.4). The limited evidence from existing RCTs suggests that PBMCs and PRP are the best therapeutic options for RIF patients. However, owing to the quantity limitation, more top-quality research is required to obtain additional high-level evidence.
Instance segmentation of fruit tree canopies from images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is of significance for the precise management of orchards. Although deep learning methods have ...been widely used in the fields of feature extraction and classification, there are still phenomena of complex data and strong dependence on software performances. This paper proposes a deep learning-based instance segmentation method of litchi trees, which has a simple structure and lower requirements for data form. Considering that deep learning models require a large amount of training data, a labor-friendly semi-auto method for image annotation is introduced. The introduction of this method allows for a significant improvement in the efficiency of data pre-processing. Facing the high requirement of a deep learning method for computing resources, a partition-based method is presented for the segmentation of high-resolution digital orthophoto maps (DOMs). Citrus data is added to the training set to alleviate the lack of diversity of the original litchi dataset. The average precision (AP) is selected to evaluate the metric of the proposed model. The results show that with the help of training with the litchi-citrus datasets, the best AP on the test set reaches 96.25%.
Citrus psyllid is the only insect vector of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is the most destructive disease in the citrus industry. There is no effective treatment for HLB, so detecting citrus ...psyllids as soon as possible is the key prevention measure for citrus HLB. It is time-consuming and laborious to search for citrus psyllids through artificial patrol, which is inconvenient for the management of citrus orchards. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, a computer vision method instead of the artificial patrol can be adopted for orchard management to reduce the cost and time. The citrus psyllid is small in shape and gray in color, similar to the stem, stump, and withered part of the leaves, leading to difficulty for the traditional target detection algorithm to achieve a good recognition effect. In this work, in order to make the model have good generalization ability under outdoor light condition, a high-definition camera to collect data set of citrus psyllids and citrus fruit flies under natural light condition was used, a method to increase the number of small target pests in citrus based on semantic segmentation algorithm was proposed, and the cascade region-based convolution neural networks (R-CNN) (convolutional neural network) algorithm was improved to enhance the recognition effect of small target pests using multiscale training, combining CBAM attention mechanism with high-resolution feature retention network high-resoultion network (HRNet) as feature extraction network, adding sawtooth atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) structure to fully extract high-resolution features from different scales, and adding feature pyramid networks (FPN) structure for feature fusion at different scales. To mine difficult samples more deeply, an online hard sample mining strategy was adopted in the process of model sampling. The results show that the improved cascade R-CNN algorithm after training has an average recognition accuracy of 88.78% for citrus psyllids. Compared with VGG16, ResNet50, and other common networks, the improved small target recognition algorithm obtains the highest recognition performance. Experimental results also show that the improved cascade R-CNN algorithm not only performs well in citrus psylla identification but also in other small targets such as citrus fruit flies, which makes it possible and feasible to detect small target pests with a field high-definition camera.
Effect of resveratrol on superovulation in mice Li, Ruiqi; Li, Enhong; Kamili, Gumina ...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy,
February 2022, 2022-Feb, 2022-02-00, 20220201, 2022-02-01, Letnik:
146
Journal Article
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Oocyte quality is one of the key factors affecting the outcome of ART. Therefore, how to improve oocyte quality has become an urgent problem in the field of ART. In this study we evaluated the effect ...of resveratrol (RSV), added during the process of superovulation, on embryonic development in mice. The results showed that the blastocyst rate was significantly higher in the RSV treated group than in the control group when oocytes were parthenogenetically activated in vitro (61.67 vs 41.51%, P = 0.032). In the naturally fertilized oocytes group, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst were significantly higher in the RSV treatment group than in the control group (74.47% vs 60.98%, P = 0.035; 96.19% vs 70.00%, P = 0.000, respectively). For the aged mice, the average number of oocytes, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst were also significantly higher in RSV treated groups than in the control group (19.47 ± 5.98 vs 10.30 ± 4.82, P = 0.028; 69.03 vs 50.75%, P = 0.014; 64.10% vs 44.12%, P = 0.049, respectively). Mitochondrial membrane potential and mtDNA copy number in oocytes were significantly increased after RSV treatment in both the young and aged populations. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis related genes was significantly upregulated in cumulus cells of young and aged mice following RSV treatment. Our data suggest that supplementation of RSV during superovulation improves oocytes quality in young and aged mice, increases the number of oocytes retrieved from aged mice, and improves oocytes mitochondrial function.
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•Resveratrol improves oocytes mitochondrial function.•Resveratrol improves oocytes quality in young and aged mice.•Resveratrol increases the number of oocytes retrieved from aged mice.
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