Abstract
Most of the existing aerosol cultivation equipments are bulky, simple-structured and poor in functional stability. Based on this, the author developed a set of automatic control ...high-pressure fine mist cultivation device, designed the PLC automatic control circuit, and simulated and tested the temperature and humidity change curves. The test results verify the simulation model and the overall device runs well, among which the spray atomization process, and the temperature field, humidity field and velocity field under three atomization modes are simulated. Three atomization schemes are analyzed, and in the end the optimal one is selected. In comparison, the side-by-side spray is completely covered; the atomization is more sufficient. The results show that the time when the humidity reaches 90% in the same position is different under different initial humidity conditions. The atomization humidity maintenance time in different environments is approximately the same, and can be maintained for 4 to 5 hours. It can be seen from the comparison of the results that the greater the humidity, the shorter the heat exchange time and the faster the heat exchange.
Rodents have been extensively used as animal models in microbiome studies. However, all rodents have a habitual nature called coprophagy, a phenomenon that they self‐reinoculate feces into their ...gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies have shown that blocking coprophagy can alter rodents' diversity of gut microbiota, metabolism, neurochemistry, and cognitive behavior. However, whether rodents' coprophagy behavior affects the levels of inflammation and depression is unclear. In order to address this problem, we first blocked coprophagy in healthy mice. It displayed an increase in the levels of depression, verified by depressive‐like behaviors and mood‐related indicators, and inflammation, verified by the increased levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine, in coprophagy‐blocked mice. Furthermore, we transplanted fecal microbiota from chronic restraint stress (CRS) depression model mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model mice to healthy recipient mice, respectively. It showed that the disease‐like phenotypes in the coprophagy‐blocked group were worse than those in the coprophagy‐unblocked group, including severer depressive symptoms and higher levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ) in serum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (HIP). These findings showed that blocking coprophagy in mice not only increased the levels of inflammation and depression in healthy mice but also aggravated inflammation and depression induced by fecal microbiota from disease donors. The discovery may provide a vital reference for future research involving FMT in rodents.
Effect of solution heat treatment on microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behaviors were investigated for the selective laser melted (SLM) Inconel 718 superalloy. Electrochemical results ...showed that solution treatment Inconel 718 has lower corrosion current density and bigger radius of the capacitive loop than as-deposited Inconel 718, means that the solution heat treated Inconel 718 has superior corrosion resistance than as-printed Inconel 718. Microstructure studies suggested that Nb-rich Laves phase widely distributed in the as-deposited Inconel 718 matrix, unlike less Laves phase is exited in annealed Inconel 718. The superior corrosion resistance of the solution heat treatment Inconel 718 could be elucidated by the removed Laves phase.
In view of current volumetric water hydraulic pumps, especially water hydraulic internal gear pumps, a scheme of an internal ball gear pump was proposed. Its working principle was expounded and the ...calculation methods of its performance parameters such as displacement, flow pulsation and maximum speed were studied. Compared and analysed the advantages and disadvantages of traditional displacement water hydraulic pump with ball gear pump, and its key basic technologies. The results show that (1) by engaging the concave/convex ball gears instead of the gears, it can realize the function of the pump; (2) the arrangement of multiple rows of radial staggered not only ensures the continuity and stability of the transmission, but also solves the phenomenon of water trapping; (3) displacement is proportional to the diameter of the ball (modulus) while flow pulsation is inversely proportional to the number of rows of ball gear. Also, the maximum speed is inversely proportional to the diameter of the concave ball gear and the density of the working medium, which is proportional to the inlet pressure of the ball tooth pump, etc... This study could lay a simple theoretical foundation for the development of high-performance water hydraulic internal ball gear pump.
A three-dimensional, nineteen-velocity（D3Q19） Lattice Boltzmann Method（LBM） model was developed to simulate the fluid flow of a laminar square jet in cross flows based on the single relaxation time ...algorithm. The code was validated by the mathematic solution of the Poiseuille flow in a square channel, and was further validated with a previous well studied empirical correlation for the central trajectory of a jet in cross flows. The developed LBM model was found to be able to capture the dominant vortex, i.e. the Counter-rotating Vortex Pair（CVP） and the upright wake vortex. Results show that the incoming fluid in the cross flow channel was entrained into the leeside of the jet fluid, which contributes to the blending of the jet. That the spread width of the transverse jet decreases with the velocity ratio. A layer-organized entrainment pattern was found indicating that the incoming fluid at the lower position is firstly entrained into the leeside of the jet, and followed by the incoming fluid at the upper position.
Rainfall erosivity is an important climatic factor for predicting soil loss. Through the application of high-resolution pluviograph data at 5 stations in Huangshan City, Anhui Prov- ince, China, we ...analyzed the performance of a modified Richardson model that incorporated the seasonal variations in parameters α andβ. The results showed that （1） moderate to high seasonality was presented in the distribution of erosive rainfall, and the seasonality of rainfall erosivity was even stronger; （2） seasonal variations were demonstrated in both parameters α and β of the Richardson model; and （3） incorporating and coordinating the seasonality of parameters αandβgreatly improved the predictions at the monthly scale. This newly modi- fied model is therefore highly recommended when monthly rainfall erosivity is required, such as, in planning soil and water conservation practices and calculating the cover-management factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation （USLE） and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation （RUSLE）.
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