With the rapid development of China, urbanization has become an important research topic of China’s CO
2
emissions. To fill the gap in considering the spatial correlation of the comprehensive ...urbanization that includes multi-dimensional factors on CO
2
emissions from urban civil buildings (
UBEC
), this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator of urbanization from four aspects including population, economy, society, and land urbanization by using the entropy method. The spatial spillover effect of
UBEC
and the impact of comprehensive urbanization on
UBEC
are also studied by using the spatial panel model in this paper. This study finds out that
UBEC
has obvious spatial spillover effects. During the early years of the study period, the eastern coastal areas had greater carbon emissions, while in recent years, they have gradually transitioned to the northwestern regions. Comprehensive urbanization has a significant promotion effect on it. And foreign direct investment and per capita energy consumption also have positive impact on
UBEC
. This study provides a reference for measuring the effects of urbanization on sector-specific CO
2
emissions and may be useful for energy efficiency and emission abatement efforts in China.
One of the challenges that China currently faces is how to reduce the emissions of water pollution. However, the study of water pollution convergence has a certain policy significance for controlling ...the emissions of water pollution. This article firstly uses chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH
3
–N) as indicators of water pollution. Due to the obvious spillover effect of water in space, this article adds a spatial effect to the convergence model. Based on panel data of 30 provinces and cities from 2006 to 2017, this article uses a dynamic spatial Dubin model to analyze the convergence of water pollution emission intensity to address the endogenous problem in the model. The empirical results of this paper show that there is absolute
β
-convergence and conditional
β
-convergence in the intensity of water pollution emissions. The spatial autocorrelation test shows that there is a positive spatial autocorrelation of water pollution emissions, which means that the pollution emissions in neighboring areas will affect the emissions in the local area. The industrial structure has a certain promoting effect on the emission of water pollution, which means that adjusting the industrial structure and alleviating the structure of the secondary industry is the trend of future development. Economic growth can curb the emissions of water pollution. The influences of urbanization and foreign investment on the emissions of the two pollutants are inconsistent, and policies can be formulated according to local conditions in the future.
With the rapid development of China, urbanization has become an important research topic of China's CO
emissions. To fill the gap in considering the spatial correlation of the comprehensive ...urbanization that includes multi-dimensional factors on CO
emissions from urban civil buildings (UBEC), this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator of urbanization from four aspects including population, economy, society, and land urbanization by using the entropy method. The spatial spillover effect of UBEC and the impact of comprehensive urbanization on UBEC are also studied by using the spatial panel model in this paper. This study finds out that UBEC has obvious spatial spillover effects. During the early years of the study period, the eastern coastal areas had greater carbon emissions, while in recent years, they have gradually transitioned to the northwestern regions. Comprehensive urbanization has a significant promotion effect on it. And foreign direct investment and per capita energy consumption also have positive impact on UBEC. This study provides a reference for measuring the effects of urbanization on sector-specific CO
emissions and may be useful for energy efficiency and emission abatement efforts in China.
As one of the critical components of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the flow channel design in the bipolar plate is crucial to improve the mass transfer performance and stability. In ...this study, the effect of the structural characteristics and location arrangement of traveling wave flow channels, with a concave surface as the mass transfer surface, on the fuel cell performance is investigated, and the evaluation indexes, such as oxygen mass flux, net power density, synergistic coefficient, and unevenness coefficient, are established to evaluate the flow law of fluid, distribution law of pressure, synergistic mass transfer, and performance stability of the fuel cell. Results show that the synergistic mass transfer performance is better in the traveling wave channels with identical structural characteristics and uniform arrangement. Furthermore, a 21.20 % increase in the average fluid flow velocity can enhance oxygen and liquid water flux at the bipolar plate (BP)/gas diffusion layer (GDL) interfaces by about 198.48 % and 207.94 %, respectively, resulting in an 87.13 % increase in net power density and 70.95 % improvement in the performance stability of the fuel cell.
•Multiple traveling wave flow channels with a concave surface are verified.•A Novel evaluation method for mass transfer and performance stability is established.•Traveling wave channel of Model 1 has the best synergistic mass transfer performance.•Efficiency of oxygen mass transfer improved by about 198.48 %.•Stability of output power increased by approximately 70.95 %.
As an economically important fish,
Opsariichthys bidens
has obvious sexual dimorphism and strong reproductive capacity, but no epigenetics study can well explain its phenotypic variations. In recent ...years, many microRNAs involved in the regulation of reproductive development have been explored. In this study, the small RNA libraries of
O. bidens
on the testis and ovary were constructed and sequenced. A total of 295 known miRNAs were obtained and 100 novel miRNAs were predicted. By comparing testis and ovary libraries, 115 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were selected, of which 53 were up-regulated and 62 were down-regulated. A total of 64 GO items (padj < 0.01) and 206 KEGG pathways (padj < 0.01) were enriched in the target gene of miRNA. After that, the expression levels of nine DE miRNAs, including let-7a, miR-146b, miR-18c, miR-202-5p, miR-135c, miR-9-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-460-5p and miR-338 were verified by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, bidirectional prediction of DE miRNAs and sex-related genes was carried out and the targeting correlation between miR-9-5p and
nanos1
was verified by Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. Our findings identified the differentially expressed miRNA and paved the way to new possibilities for the follow-up study on the mechanism of miRNA-mRNA interaction in the gonads of
O. bidens
.
PCR-based DNA amplification has been one of the major methods in aquaculture research for decades, although its use outside the modern laboratory environment is limited due to the relatively complex ...methods and high costs. To this end, we investigated a swabbing and disc protocol for the collection of DNA samples from fish which could extract DNA from fish skin mucus by a non-invasion technique costing only $0.02 (USD) and requiring less than 30 seconds. The disc method that we chose could use the cheap filter paper to extract DNA from above 10
crucian carp blood cells, which is comparable to the commercial kit. By using skin mucus swabbing and the disc method, we can obtain amplification-ready DNA from mucus to distinguish different species from our smallest fish (medaka, ~2.5 cm and crucian carp, ~7 cm) to our biggest fish (tilapia, ~15 cm). Furthermore, the viral pathogen
herpesvirus (CaHV) of crucian carp was detected using our method, which would make performing molecular diagnostic assays achievable in limited-resource settings including aquafarms and aqua stores outside the laboratory environment.
As a small farmed fish, Opsariichthys bidens shows sex phenotypic difference between male and female individuals, but the molecular mechanism of gonadal development is still unclear. This study ...performed transcriptome sequencing on the adult testis and ovary of O. bidens to identify sex-related genes. A total of 50,321 unigenes were obtained from six libraries of gonadal tissues, with a total length of 69,070,743 bp and an average length of 1372 bp. Moreover, 29,889, 24,874, 14,564, 18,519, 27,195 and 22,558 unigenes were annotated in the non-redundant protein database, Swissprot, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), eukaryotic orthologous group (KOG), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases, respectively. By comparing testis and ovary libraries, 12,609 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 5975 were up-regulated in the testis and 6634 were up-regulated in the ovary. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes resulted in 3119 enriched GO items (padj<0.01) and 47 enriched KEGG pathways (padj<0.01). Subsequently, the expression levels of nine sex-related genes, including dazl, dnd, nanog, piwi, vasa, zp4, amh, cyp19a and dmrt1 were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, molecular cloning and in situ hybridization demonstrated that both cyp19a and vasa were conserved in O. bidens. In addition, cyp19a was mainly expressed in early developmental stages of oocytes in the ovary but not in the testis. While vasa was present in both testis and ovary, and was highly expressed in the early stages of gametogenesis in gonads. These findings provide basic support for further research on the function of sex-related genes and the molecular mechanisms of sex determination in O. bidens.
•Transcriptome sequencing on the adult gonads of O. bidens was performed and analyzed.•Sex-related genes dazl, dnd, nanog, piwi, vasa, zp4, amh, cyp19a and dmrt1 were identified in O. bidens.•Cyp19a and vasa were specifically expressed in gonads among fish and their sub-cellular distributions were revealed in O. bidens.
Ileostomy was widely used during colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and peristomal dermatitis was one of the most common stoma-relative complications. Stoma education class may reduce the rate of ...peristomal dermatitis.
We enrolled patients who were diagnosed with rectal cancer and underwent surgery with ileostomy between January 2018 to December 2018 at a single tertiary hospital. The general demographic information of patients along with the participation in stoma education class and the occurrence of peristomal dermatitis were analyzed.
A total of 491 patients were included in the study, and 162 patients (32.99%) participated in the stoma education class. Eighty-five patients (17.31%) suffered peristomal dermatitis within one month after ileostomy. The rate of peristomal dermatitis in the stoma education group was significantly lower than that in the control group (11.11%
20.36%, P=0.011). Regardless of the education level, the risk of peristomal dermatitis in the education group was reduced (P<0.05). Lower peristomal dermatitis rates were found in patients who were younger than 60 years (P=0.012), whose stoma were taken care of by other people (P=0.014), or without diabetes (P=0.026). Univariate and Multivariate analysis showed that stoma education was the only factor associated with the decrease in rates of peristomal dermatitis (OR =0.458, P=0.008), while diabetes was an independent risk factor (OR =3.732, P<0.001).
Postoperative stoma education class significantly decreased the rate of peristomal dermatitis in the early postoperative period in CRC patients with ileostomy, especially for those who were younger than 60 years, received stoma care from others or without diabetes.
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