An organic crystal of 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (pCBP) exhibits time‐dependent afterglow color from blue to orange over 1 s. Both experimental and computational data confirm that the color ...evolution results from well‐separated, long‐persistent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with different but comparable decay rates. TADF is enabled by a small S1–T1 energy gap of 0.7 kcal mol−1. The good separation of TADF and RTP is due to a 11.8 kcal mol−1 difference in the S0 energies of the S1 and T1 structures, indicating that apart from the excited‐state properties, tuning the ground state is also important for luminescence properties. This afterglow color evolution of pCBP allows its applications in anticounterfeiting and data encryption with high security levels.
Organic sunset: A time‐dependent afterglow color in a single‐component organic molecular crystal was observed. It originates from well‐separated, long‐persistent thermally activated delayed fluorescence and room‐temperature phosphorescence with different but comparable decay rates.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water is successfully realized by using interstitial P‐doped CdS with rich S vacancies (CdS‐P) as the photocatalyst in the absence of any electron ...sacrificial agents. Through interstitial P doping, the impurity level of S vacancies is located near the Fermi level and becomes an effective electron trap level in CdS‐P, which can change dynamic properties of photogenerated electrons and thus prolong their lifetimes. The long‐lived photogenerated electrons are able to reach the surface active sites to initiate an efficient photocatalytic redox reaction. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of CdS‐P can be further improved through the loading of CoP as a cocatalyst.
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water is realized by CdS‐P. Through interstitial P doping, the impurity level of S vacancies is located near the Fermi level and becomes an effective electron trap level, which can change the dynamics of photogenerated electrons. The long‐lived photogenerated electrons can reach the surface active sites for initiating the photocatalytic reaction.
The lack of funding is one of the most important challenges in achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in African countries. Can foreign direct investment (FDI) from China as an ...important source of external financing help African countries achieve their SDGs? This study used the panel data random effects model to analyze the influence of China’s direct investment on SDG scores. Then, the study conducted the ordered probit model to examine the influence of FDI from China on the trend of achieving each SDG in Africa, with the SDGs being grouped into social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Results showed that China’s direct investment contributed to the achievement of SDGs in Africa. FDI from China positively influenced the SDG score in general and some of the 17 SDG scores including SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). The relationship between FDI from China and the trends for SDG 7, 8, 9, 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and 14 (Life below Water) was significantly positive. However, the SDG scores above belonged to the economic and environmental dimensions, whereas FDI from China had no significant influence on the social-dimension SDG scores and trends. To further expand the scale of China’s direct investment, more investment scopes, particularly those in the social dimension, should be developed. Moreover, China–Africa cooperation should be deepened to create a good investment environment for the achievement of African countries’ SDGs and to facilitate China’s implementation of promoting the development of developing countries as mentioned in the 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development and building the China–Africa community with a shared future.
The past decades have witnessed significant efforts toward the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures as systems that better mimic in vivo physiology. Today, 3D cell cultures are ...emerging, not only as a new tool in early drug discovery but also as potential therapeutics to treat disease. In this review, we assess leading 3D cell culture technologies and their impact on drug discovery, including spheroids, organoids, scaffolds, hydrogels, organs-on-chips, and 3D bioprinting. We also discuss the implementation of these technologies in compound identification, screening, and development, ranging from disease modeling to assessment of efficacy and safety profiles.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (
) is an enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic and epigenetic processes.
can be detected in approximately 20% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the mutated
...enzyme acquires new oncogenic enzyme activity and converts α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) to the tumor metabolite 2-hydroxyglutaric acid (2-HG), which accumulates at high levels in cells and hinders the function of αKG-dependent enzymes, including epigenetic regulators, resulting in DNA hypermethylation, abnormal gene expression, cell proliferation, and abnormal differentiation, and contributes to leukemia disease progression.
mutations have different effects on the prognosis of patients with AML depending on the location of the mutation and other co-occurring genomic abnormalities. This paper will review the latest research progress on the
positive AML gene changes, prognosis, and inhibitors.
The primary goal of this article is to develop a direct and simplified approach for computing triangular fuzzy Banzhaf values for a special class of cooperative games with coalitions' values ...represented by triangular fuzzy numbers, which are called triangular fuzzy cooperative games for short. Combining with the β -cut sets of coalitions' triangular fuzzy values, in this article, we can obtain a series of associated interval-valued cooperative games with the triangular fuzzy cooperative games. Hereby, we construct associated cooperative games with the interval-valued cooperative games. It is proven that the Banzhaf values of the associated cooperative games with interval-valued cooperative games are monotonic and nondecreasing functions under some size monotonicity-like conditions. Hence, the mean and the lower and upper limits of the triangular fuzzy Banzhaf values can be directly and explicitly attained through using only the mean, and the lower and upper limits of the coalitions' triangular fuzzy values, respectively. The developed approach does not use the subtraction of triangular fuzzy numbers and, hereby, can effectively avoid the irrational issues resulting from it. Furthermore, some important properties of the triangular fuzzy Banzhaf values are proven and the applicability and validity of the developed approach are illustrated with a numerical example.
Binder jetting is expected to become the universal process for preparing ceramic parts because it can overcome multiple problems, such as the difficulty to prepare complex-shaped ceramic parts and ...the shrinkage of the sintering process, which appear in conventional ceramic preparation process. This paper introduces principles, steps, and applications of binder jetting printing ceramics. Furthermore, five key factors of binder jetting printing ceramics (powders, binders, printing parameters, equipment, and post-treatment process) have been investigated. Accordingly, effects of powders (including shape, particle size and distribution, and additives), binders (including binding method, droplet-formation mechanism, and droplet-infiltration kinetics), printing parameters (including layer thickness, saturation, solid binder, and printing orientation), equipment, and post-treatment (including de-powdering process, and densification process) on density, roughness, strength, accuracy, and resolution of ceramic parts have been discussed and summarized. This paper provides detailed analysis of techniques and mechanisms of binder jetting of ceramics, giving guidance on how to handle raw materials and select various processing parameters for achieving desired performance.
The World Health Organization has declared SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak a worldwide pandemic. However, there is very limited understanding on the immune responses, especially adaptive immune responses ...to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we collected blood from COVID-19 patients who have recently become virus-free, and therefore were discharged, and detected SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in eight newly discharged patients. Follow-up analysis on another cohort of six patients 2 weeks post discharge also revealed high titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. In all 14 patients tested, 13 displayed serum-neutralizing activities in a pseudotype entry assay. Notably, there was a strong correlation between neutralization antibody titers and the numbers of virus-specific T cells. Our work provides a basis for further analysis of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2, and understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19, especially in the severe cases. It also has implications in developing an effective vaccine to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
•SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies are detected in COVID-19 convalescent subjects•Most COVID-19 convalescent individuals have detectable neutralizing antibodies•Cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are found in COVID-19 convalescent subjects•Neutralization antibody titers correlate with the numbers of virus-specific T cells.
In blood samples from COVID-19 convalescent subjects, Ni et al. have detected SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity. Most subjects display serum neutralizing activities, which correlate with the numbers of virus-specific T cells.
Achieving highly accurate responses to external stimuli during human motion is a considerable challenge for wearable devices. The present study leverages the intrinsically high surface‐to‐volume ...ratio as well as the mechanical robustness of nanostructures for obtaining highly‐sensitive detection of motion. To do so, highly‐aligned nanowires covering a large area were prepared by capillarity‐based mechanism. The nanowires exhibit a strain sensor with excellent gauge factor (≈35.8), capable of high responses to various subtle external stimuli (≤200 µm deformation). The wearable strain sensor exhibits also a rapid response rate (≈230 ms), mechanical stability (1000 cycles) and reproducibility, low hysteresis (<8.1%), and low power consumption (<35 µW). Moreover, it achieves a gauge factor almost five times that of microwire‐based sensors. The nanowire‐based strain sensor can be used to monitor and discriminate subtle movements of fingers, wrist, and throat swallowing accurately, enabling such movements to be integrated further into a miniaturized analyzer to create a wearable motion monitoring system for mobile healthcare.
A highly sensitive flexible strain sensor that is based on large‐area of aligned nanowires is developed. The sensor can be used as a wearable device to accurately detect, discriminate and monitor subtle movements linked with human motion.
Intuitionistic multiplicative preference relation (IMPR) is an efficient tool for describing the paired comparisons between objectives in group decision making (GDM). Existing GDM methods with IMPRs ...overlook the hesitancy of IMPRs and lack a feedback mechanism of adjustment in the consensus reaching process (CRP). Thus, to ensure that the adjusted IMPRs can provide reliable information for decision making, the hesitancy measure for IMPRs is first incorporated into the process of enhancing consistency and consensus. A new consistency index for IMPRs is defined based on distance measure. Some goal programming models are constructed for enhancing consistency of IMPR. For a collection of IMPRs with unacceptable consistency and consensus, based on the optimization model and the identification rule and direction rule (IR-DR), an interactive iterative algorithm is designed for enhancing consistency and consensus, which can greatly save the completion time of consensus reaching and maintain primitive information to the maximum. Subsequently, a distance-based aggregation model is constructed to derive the group IMPR by considering different experts’ decision-making principles. Thereby, a new GDM method with IMPRs considering minimum adjustment is proposed. Moreover, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through a numerical example and some related simulation experiments. Meanwhile its merits are illustrated by comparison analyses.
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