Some molecular and functional properties of albumin (83.6% protein), globulin (95.5% protein), glutelin (81.3% protein) as well as protein isolate (80.7% protein) from cashew nut were investigated. ...These proteins were subjected to molecular (circular dichroism, gel electrophoresis, scanning electron microscopy) and functional (solubility, emulsification, foaming, water/oil holding capacity) tests. Cashew nut proteins represent an abundant nutrient with well-balanced amino acid composition and could meet the requirements recommended by FAO/WHO. SDS-PAGE pattern indicated cashew nut proteins were mainly composed of a polypeptide with molecular weight (MW) of 53 kDa, which presented two bands with MW of 32 and 21 kDa under reducing conditions. The far-UV CD spectra indicated that cashew proteins were rich in β-sheets. The surface hydrophobicity of the protein isolate was higher than that of the protein fractions. In pH 7.0, the solubility of protein fractions was above 70%, which was higher than protein isolate at any pH. Glutelin had the highest water/oil holding capacity and foaming properties. Protein isolate displayed better emulsifying properties than protein fractions. In summary, cashew nut kernel proteins have potential as valuable nutrition sources and could be used effectively in the food industry.
Abstract
Aim
In Taiwan island,
recent land‐bridge
and
oversea
dispersal after the appearance of proto‐Taiwan (<6.5 Ma) is responsible for its biodiversity assembly. Radiations have also been widely ...reported in mountain systems. The tempo‐spatial route to the floral hotspot was determined through a meta‐analysis of the evolution of endemic plants.
Location
Taiwan island and its adjacent regions.
Taxon
Seed plants.
Methods
Published dated phylogenies were compiled to infer the origin times represented by the stem ages. To determine the speciation mode, either
in situ
origin or dispersal origin, the ancestral range shift pattern and/or current distribution range of the sister taxa were used with 10 different biogeographical regions classified. Histograms quantifying the numbers of different origin modes within bins of 0.5 Ma were constructed. Probabilities of long‐distance dispersal (LDD) were evaluated.
Results
The 125 sampled species originate between the late Eocene and late Pleistocene, of which 14 (11.2%) and 111 (88.8%) were derived before and after the emergence of proto‐Taiwan, respectively. Spatially,
in situ
speciation would have a bigger contribution to the formation of endemism than dispersal events (56.8% vs. 43.2%). The species with
in situ
origin (mean = 1.83 Ma) were significantly younger than those with dispersal origin (mean = 6.34 Ma). The main regions where dispersal occurred were South‐Central China (
n
= 29) and Southeast China (
n
= 28), followed by Japan (
n
= 14). High probabilities (60.8%) of LDD were found.
Main Conclusions
Spatially,
recent land‐bridge
and
oversea
dispersal from the adjacent Asian flora is supported and the southern part of China was found to be the most important source.
In situ
speciation that may have correlated with mountain uplift, monsoon intensification and Pleistocene climatic fluctuations exerted greater contributions to the biodiversity there. Temporally, floral endemism predominantly occurred after the emergence of proto‐Taiwan. Additional investigations with more sophisticated sampling and genetic data are needed in the future.
To describe both certain linguistic neutrosophic information and uncertain linguistic neutrosophic information simultaneously in the real world, this paper originally proposes the concept of a ...linguistic neutrosophic cubic number (LNCN), including an internal LNCN and external LNCN. In LNCN, its uncertain linguistic neutrosophic number consists of the truth, indeterminacy, and falsity uncertain linguistic variables, and its linguistic neutrosophic number consists of the truth, indeterminacy, and falsity linguistic variables to express their hybrid information. Then, we present the operational laws of LNCNs and the score, accuracy, and certain functions of LNCN for comparing/ranking LNCNs. Next, we propose a LNCN weighted arithmetic averaging (LNCNWAA) operator and a LNCN weighted geometric averaging (LNCNWGA) operator to aggregate linguistic neutrosophic cubic information and discuss their properties. Further, a multiple attribute decision-making method based on the LNCNWAA or LNCNWGA operator is developed under a linguistic neutrosophic cubic environment. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to indicate the application of the developed method.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans is closely related to bacterial infection and the disruption of the intestinal barrier. Paeoniflorin (PF), a bioactive compound from
Paeonia lactiflora
...Pallas plants, exerts a potential effect of anti-inflammatory reported in various researches. However, the effect of PF on intestinal barrier function and its related mechanisms has not been identified. Here, we investigate the PF potential anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human Caco-2 cell monolayers and explore its underlying key molecular mechanism. In this context, PF significantly increased TEER value, decreased intestinal epithelium FITC-dextran flux permeability, and restored the expressions of occludin, ZO-1, and claudin5 in LPS-induced Caco-2 cell.
In vitro
, treatment of PF significantly inhibited LPS-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). In addition, we found that PF suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling
via
activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in ILPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Our findings indicate that PF has an inhibitory effect on endothelial injury. Our findings suggested that PF has an anti-inflammatory effect in ILPS-stimulated Caco-2 cells, which might be a potential therapeutic agent against IBD and intestinal inflammation.
Despite incorporation of organic groups into silica‐based aerogels to enhance their mechanical flexibility, the wide temperature reliability of the modified silicone aerogel is inevitably degraded. ...Therefore, facile synthesis of soft silicone aerogels with wide‐temperature stability remains challenging. Herein, novel silicone aerogels containing a high content of Si are reported by using polydimethylvinylsiloxane (PDMVS), a hydrosilylation adduct with water‐repellent groups, as a “flexible chain segment” embedded within the aerogel network. The poly(2‐dimethoxymethylsilyl)ethylmethylvinylsiloxane (PDEMSEMVS) aerogel is fabricated through a cost‐effective ambient temperature/pressure drying process. The optimized aerogel exhibits exceptional performance, such as ultra‐low density (50 mg cm−3), wide‐temperature mechanical flexibility, and super‐hydrophobicity, in comparison to the previous polysiloxane aerogels. A significant reduction in the density of these aerogels is achieved while maintaining a high crosslinking density by synthesizing gel networks with well‐defined macromolecules through hydrolytic polycondensation crosslinking of PDEMSEMVS. Notably, the pore/nanoparticle size of aerogels can be fine‐tuned by optimizing the gel solvent type. The as‐prepared silicone aerogels demonstrate selective absorption, efficient oil–water separation, and excellent thermal insulation properties, showing promising applications in oil/water separation and thermal protection.
A soft polysiloxane aerogel is designed and successfully fabricated through the condensation process of polydimethylvinylsiloxane macromolecules. In addition to its ultra‐lightweight nature, this material possesses several advantageous properties, including exceptional mechanical stability when exposed to liquid nitrogen, effective thermal insulation, super‐hydrophobicity, and notable advancements in porous material development.
As a neutrosophic number, which consists of a determinate part and an indeterminate part, can more easily and better express incomplete and indeterminate information that exists commonly in real ...situations, the main purposes of this paper are to provide a neutrosophic number tool for group decision-making problems with indeterminate information under a neutrosophic number environment and to develop a de-neutrosophication method and a possibility degree ranking method for neutrosophic numbers from the probability viewpoint as a methodological support for group decision-making problems. In group decision-making problems with neutrosophic numbers, through the de-neutrosophication and possibility degree ranking order of neutrosophic numbers, the ranking order of alternatives is performed well as the possibility degree ranking method has the intuitive meaning from the probability viewpoint, and then the best one(s) can be determined as well. Finally, two illustrative examples show the applications and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hydrogen production via water electrolysis is promising but impeded by sluggish cathodic and anodic reactions. Consequently, highly-efficient and earth-abundant electrocatalysts are attracting ...considerable attention. Herein we report a bifunctional NiMo alloy nanotube for efficient hydrogen production coupled with anodic urea oxidation in a hybrid water electrolysis system. Specifically, ultralow potentials of −44 mV and 1.36 V (vs. RHE) are required to deliver 10 mA cm−2 current density for cathodic and anodic reactions, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results show the Mo center is the main reaction site for the chemisorption and OH bond cleavage of H2O while Ni center is identified as the hydrogen-evolving site. Based on this bifunctional NiMo electrocatalyst, a hybrid water electrolysis cell is proposed and the overall cell voltage of ∼1.43 V is achieved for outputting 10 mA cm−2 current density during the 10 h operation. The understandings in alternative electrode reactions coupled with highly-efficient and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hybrid water electrolysis in this work holds encouraging potential in future energy conversion technologies and urea-related water treatments.
Nickel-molybdenum nanotube demonstrates the bifunctional and excellent electrocatalytic activity in the hybrid water electrolysis for energy-efficient and cost-effective hydrogen production assisting by anodic urea oxidation. Display omitted
•we report a bifunctional NiMo alloy nanotube for efficient hydrogen production coupled with anodic urea oxidation.•The Mo center is main reaction site for chemisorption and OH bond cleavage of H2O, while the Ni center is identified as the hydrogen-evolving site.•A hybrid water electrolysis cell with a voltage of 1.43 V is achieved for steadily outputting 10 mA cm−2 current density of hydrogen production.
Due to the uniqueness of the underwater environment, traditional data aggregation schemes face many challenges. Most existing data aggregation solutions do not fully consider node trustworthiness, ...which may result in the inclusion of falsified data sent by malicious nodes during the aggregation process, thereby affecting the accuracy of the aggregated results. Additionally, because of the dynamically changing nature of the underwater environment, current solutions often lack sufficient flexibility to handle situations such as node movement and network topology changes, significantly impacting the stability and reliability of data transmission. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a secure data aggregation algorithm based on a trust mechanism. By dynamically adjusting the number and size of node slices based on node trust values and transmission distances, the proposed algorithm effectively reduces network communication overhead and improves the accuracy of data aggregation. Due to the variability in the number of node slices, even if attackers intercept some slices, it is difficult for them to reconstruct the complete data, thereby ensuring data security.
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