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•A type of suspension array by photonic crystal hydrogel microspheres was proposed.•The microspheres could provide stable encoding and probe immobilization.•The multiplex detection of ...heavy metal ions with the microspheres was realized.
A novel type of suspension array for multiplex detection of heavy metal ions with photonic crystal hydrogel microspheres was reported. The photonic crystal hydrogel microspheres have close-packed photonic crystal particles as their encoding units and ssDNA-functionalized hydrogel as the sensing units. The developed microspheres were successfully applied in multiplex detection of heavy metal ions.
Rupture of vulnerable plaques is the main trigger of acute cardio‐cerebral vascular events, but mechanisms responsible for transforming a stable atherosclerotic into a vulnerable plaque remain ...largely unknown. Melatonin, an indoleamine hormone secreted by the pineal gland, plays pleiotropic roles in the cardiovascular system; however, the effect of melatonin on vulnerable plaque rupture and its underlying mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we generated a rupture‐prone vulnerable carotid plaque model induced by endogenous renovascular hypertension combined with low shear stress in hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− mice. Melatonin (10 mg/kg/d by oral administration for 9 weeks) significantly prevented vulnerable plaque rupture, with lower incidence of intraplaque hemorrhage (42.9% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.014) and of spontaneous plaque rupture with intraluminal thrombus formation (38.1% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.029). Mechanistic studies indicated that melatonin ameliorated intraplaque inflammation by suppressing the differentiation of intraplaque macrophages toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype, and circadian nuclear receptor retinoid acid receptor‐related orphan receptor‐α (RORα) mediated melatonin‐exerted vasoprotection against vulnerable plaque instability and intraplaque macrophage polarization. Further analysis in human monocyte‐derived macrophages confirmed the role of melatonin in regulating macrophage polarization by regulating the AMPKα‐STATs pathway in a RORα‐dependent manner. In summary, our data provided the first evidence that melatonin‐RORα axis acts as a novel endogenous protective signaling pathway in the vasculature, regulates intraplaque inflammation, and stabilizes rupture‐prone vulnerable plaques.
Four-bar linkage has been used in motion generation synthesis for a long time, but there are inevitably some shortcomings such as order defects and poor design flexibility. In this work, a planetary ...gear train with noncircular gears is proposed to realize planar motion generation synthesis. Compared with the four-bar linkage, it has the advantages of a compact structure, full rotatability, and flexible design. The planetary gear train with noncircular gears is composed of two interrelated parts: a two-stage noncircular gear pair and the
RR
dyad. The synthesis method is divided mainly into three steps: First, the constraint equation of
RR
dyad for planar motion generation is established, and a solution region of the double revolute joint (
RR
) dyads is calculated by kinematic mapping theory. Second, after the full rotatability identification of
RR
dyads and the determination of each transmission ratio, the centrodes of two-stage noncircular gear pairs, which correspond to the specific
RR
dyad, are obtained. Finally, the planetary gear train with noncir-cular gears is established to pass the given poses. This method has a universal significance and can be applied to many practical cases.
Spectral clustering makes use of the spectrum of an input affinity matrix to segment data into disjoint clusters. The performance of spectral clustering depends heavily on the quality of the affinity ...matrix. Commonly used affinity matrices are constructed by either the Gaussian kernel or the self-expressive model with sparse or low-rank constraints. A technique called diffusion which acts as a post-process has recently shown to improve the quality of the affinity matrix significantly, by taking advantage of the contextual information. In this paper, we propose a variant of the diffusion process, named Self-Supervised Diffusion, which incorporates clustering result as feedback to provide supervisory signals for the diffusion process. The proposed method contains two stages, namely affinity learning with diffusion and spectral clustering. It works in an iterative fashion, where in each iteration the clustering result is utilized to calculate a pseudo-label similarity so that it can aid the affinity learning stage in the next iteration. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world data have demonstrated that the proposed method can learn accurate and robust affinity, and thus achieves superior clustering performance.
Eight C6–C3-based bibenzyl derivatives (dengraphenols A–G, K), three mono-bibenzyls (dengraphenols I, L–M), one bis-bibenzyl (dengraphenol H), one oxyneolignane (dengraphenol J), one phenanthrene ...(dengraphenol N), and one picrotoxane-type sesquiterpene (dengrasusane A) were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium gratiosissimum. The resolution of dengraphenols A–J by chiral HPLC afforded ten pairs of enantiomers (±)-dengraphenols A–J. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, computational calculation methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, among which twenty-four (±)-dengraphenols A–E, (+)-dengraphenol F, (±)-dengraphenols G–J, dengraphenols K–N, dengrasusane A were undescribed. Ten compounds (±)-dengraphenol B, (±)-dengraphenols D–E, (±)-dengraphenol H, (−)-dengraphenol I and dengraphenol N) showed potent cytotoxicity against eight human cancer cell lines (A431, A2780, H460, HCT8, BGC823, SW1990, Daoy, and HGC27) with IC50 values of 3.77–9.75 μM. At a concentration of 10 μM, (−)-dengraphenol C, (±)-dengraphenol F, and (±)-dengraphenol K exhibited remarkable hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced toxicity with a cell survival rate of 65.8%, 70.6% and 73.5%, respectively; dengraphenol N displayed significant anti-inflammatory effects; and dengraphenol K showed strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 5.71 μM. These results would provide potential compounds for drug discovery.
Bibenzyls, phenanthrenes and picrotoxane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from Dendrobium gratiosissimum Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae), among them, bibenzyls and phenanthrenes exhibited good cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities. Display omitted
•Twenty-four undescribed compounds were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium gratiosissimum.•All structures with absolute configurations were completely determined.•These compounds exhibited cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory activities et al.
Cassava (
Crantz) is a major tuberous crop produced worldwide. In this study, we sequenced 158 diverse cassava varieties and identified 349,827 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels. In ...each chromosome, the number of SNPs and the physical length of the respective chromosome were in agreement. Population structure analysis indicated that this panel can be divided into three subgroups. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that the average nucleotide diversity of the panel was 1.21 × 10
for all sampled landraces. This average nucleotide diversity was 1.97 × 10
, 1.01 × 10
, and 1.89 × 10
for subgroups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis demonstrated that the average LD was about ∼8 kb. We evaluated 158 cassava varieties under 11 different environments. Finally, we identified 36 loci that were related to 11 agronomic traits by genome-wide association analyses. Four loci were associated with two traits, and 62 candidate genes were identified in the peak SNP sites. We found that 40 of these genes showed different expression profiles in different tissues. Of the candidate genes related to storage roots, Manes.13G023300, Manes.16G000800, Manes.02G154700, Manes.02G192500, and Manes.09G099100 had higher expression levels in storage roots than in leaf and stem; on the other hand, of the candidate genes related to leaves, Manes.05G164500, Manes.05G164600, Manes.04G057300, Manes.01G202000, and Manes.03G186500 had higher expression levels in leaves than in storage roots and stem. This study provides basis for research on genetics and the genetic improvement of cassava.
In shear wave far detection logging, dipole-source radiation is the main factor influencing the amplitude of the reflected shear waves. In this paper, a method is derived with the far-field ...asymptotic solution to calculate the dipole-source radiation of shear waves in a fluid-filled borehole. Then the dipole-source radiation of the shear waves is simulated under both low and high frequencies. In addition, the influences of formation elastic parameters on the dipole-source radiation of the shear waves are analyzed and the variations of the radiation characteristics of the shear wave with source main frequency and borehole radius are compared. Results show that the density and compressional wave velocity of the formation have little effect on the dipole-source radiation of the shear waves. However, the shear wave velocity not only affects the shear wave amplitude radiated to the formation by the dipole source (radiation performance), but also affects the energy distribution of the shear wave at different locations in space (radiation direction). The dipole source has better radiation performance and radiation coverage at low frequency and the optimal excitation frequency in different formations is very close, which is good for the application of this technology under different circumstances. At low frequency, the borehole has little influence on the dipole-source radiation, no matter how large the borehole radius is. However, at high frequency, the borehole modulation of the dipole-source radiation cannot be ignored, especially at large borehole radius.
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