For diffusion processes, we extend various two-sided exit identities to the situation when the process is only observed at arrival times of an independent Poisson process. The results are expressed ...in terms of solutions to the differential equations associated with the diffusions generators.
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) nutrition on oxalate contents of different forms in spinach tissues. Results showed that leaves were the ...main locations of oxalates in spinach. Total oxalate, soluble oxalate, and insoluble oxalate contents were highest in leaves, followed by petioles and then roots. Soluble oxalate was the dominant form of oxalate in spinach. Nitrogen and Ca2+ (calcium ion) concentrations could markedly affect oxalate contents. Soluble oxalate contents in leaves increased obviously with the increase of N concentration until 8 mmol L-1, above which oxalate content started to decrease. Supplied with the same amount of N, increasing Ca2+ concentration reduced soluble oxalate content in leaves. Total oxalate reached the lowest with 5 mmol L-1 of Ca2+ supply. Leaves and petioles had lower total oxalate and lower proportion of soluble oxalate when N and Ca2+ concentrations were 8 and 5 mmol L-1.
The biotransformation of puerarin catalyzed by Bacillus cereus NT02 was studied. A primary screening was carried out using 307 strains of bacteria isolated from soil which were able to grow in the ...presence of puerarin. Strain NT02, identified as B. cereus, was able to convert puerarin into puerarin-6 double prime -O-phosphate. Under the optimum conditions, resting cells of B. cereus NT02 converted 27% of added 0.4 g/l puerarin into puerarin-6 double prime -O-phosphate that was characterized by MS, super(13)C NMR, super(31)P NMR. The activity of puerarin-6 double prime -O-phosphate was 25 times higher than that of puerarin in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging system. The water solubility of puerarin-6 double prime -O-phosphate was 85.4 times higher than that of puerarin.
Background
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) has been endorsed by the “First World Congress on International Therapies for Type 2 diabetes” as a possible therapeutic option in patients with type 2 ...diabetes with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 35 kg/m
2
. In the present study, we assessed the improvement in clinical indicators associated with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
LRYGB was performed in 30 T2DM patients with a BMI <35 kg/m
2
. The patients were followed up for 1 year. Pre- and postoperative changes in BMI, waist circumference, and biochemical indicators including fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were recorded.
Results
Significant reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin from 8.02 ± 1.77 to 5.59 ± 1.02 % (
p
< 0.05) at 12 months was noted. Diabetes was completely resolved in nine cases, resulting in discontinuation of diabetes-related medication. No significant surgical complications occurred.
Conclusions
LRYGB is beneficial for non-obese T2DM patients in China.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) has been endorsed by the "First World Congress on International Therapies for Type 2 diabetes" as a possible therapeutic option in patients with type 2 diabetes with a ...body mass index (BMI) of less than 35 kg/m^sup 2^. In the present study, we assessed the improvement in clinical indicators associated with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LRYGB was performed in 30 T2DM patients with a BMI <35 kg/m^sup 2^. The patients were followed up for 1 year. Pre- and postoperative changes in BMI, waist circumference, and biochemical indicators including fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were recorded. Significant reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin from 8.02±1.77 to 5.59±1.02 % (p<0.05) at 12 months was noted. Diabetes was completely resolved in nine cases, resulting in discontinuation of diabetes-related medication. No significant surgical complications occurred. LRYGB is beneficial for non-obese T2DM patients in China.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The discrete tone radiated from a cavitating tip vortex, known as "vortex singing", was first recognized in 1989, but its sound generation mechanism has remained a mystery for over thirty years. In ...this letter, by means of the correction for the cavitation bubble dynamics and the dispersion relation of cavity interfacial waves, we found that after the far-end disturbances propagate upstream, the whistling vortex should be triggered by near-end sound sources, the breathing mode waves. Further utilizing the theoretical solutions for singing lines and the potential singing cavitation number with frequency, we accurately identified all available tests for seeking the vortex singing over the past three decades, answering a long-standing perplexity: why such a best whistler is able to appear only within a narrow range of the cavitation number.
In the present study, we determined the effect of infrasonic exposure on apoptosis and intracellular free Ca²⁺ (Ca²⁺i) levels in the hippocampus of adult rats. Adult rats were randomly divided into ...the control and infrasound exposure groups. For infrasound treatment, animals received infrasonic exposure at 90 (8 Hz) or 130 dB (8 Hz) for 2 h per day. Hippocampi were dissected, and isolated hippocampal neurons were cultured. The Ca²⁺i levels in hippocampal neurons from adult rat brains were determined by Fluo-3/AM staining with a confocal microscope system on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 following infrasonic exposure. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide double staining. Positive cells were sorted and analyzed by flow cytometry. Elevated Ca²⁺i levels were observed on days 14 and 21 after rats received daily treatment with 90 or 130 dB sound pressure level (SPL) infrasonic exposure (p<0.01 vs. control). The highest levels of Ca²⁺i were detected in the 130 dB SPL infrasonic exposure group. Meanwhile, apoptosis in hippocampal neurons was found to increase on day 7 following 90 dB SPL infrasound exposure, and significantly increased on day 14. Upon 130 dB infrasound treatment, apoptosis was first observed on day 14, whereas the number of apoptotic cells gradually decreased thereafter. Additionally, a marked correlation between cell apoptosis and Ca²⁺i levels was found on day 14 and 21 following daily treatment with 90 and 130 dB SPL, respectively. These results demonstrate that a period of infrasonic exposure induced apoptosis and upregulated Ca²⁺i levels in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that infrasound may cause damage to the central nervous system (CNS) through the Ca²⁺‑mediated apoptotic pathway in hippocampal neurons.
Various organs of the body have distinct microenvironments with diverse biological characteristics that can influence the growth of tumors within them. However, the mechanisms underlying the ...interactions between tumor and host cells are currently not well understood. In the present study, a dual-color fluorescence-tracing glioma orthotopic implantation model was developed, in which C6 rat glioma cells labeled with the red fluorescent dye CM-Dil, and SU3 human glioma cells stably expressing red fluorescence protein, were inoculated into the right caudate nucleus of transgenic female C57BL/6 nude mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. The dual-color tracing with whole-body in vivo fluorescence imaging of xenografts was performed using a live imaging system. Frozen sections of the transplanted tumor were prepared for histological analyses, in order to detect the presence of invading tumor cells, blood vessels and cellular fusion. Dual-color images were able to distinguish between red tumor cells and green host cells. The results of the present study suggested that a dual-color fluorescence-tracing glioma orthotopic implantation model may be convenient for detecting tumor location, angiogenesis, cellular fusion, and the tumor microenvironment.
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