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•At least one neonicotinoid was detected in all soil, water and sediment samples.•Transport of raw agricultural products could be a source of NEOs in urban areas.•Pollution of NEOs in ...rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas.•Correlation and migration of NEOs residue in soil-water-sediment systems were studied.•Exposure to the current NEOs residue level of Guangzhou suggests a serious threat to sensitive non-target invertebrates.
Residues and distribution of neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) in soil-water-sediment systems of the urban and rural areas of Guangzhou, South China were investigated. A total of 104 soil samples from 7 different functional zones and 29 water/sediment samples from creeks were collected. The results showed that at least one neonicotinoid insecticide was detected in all samples. The summed levels of five target neonicotinoids (∑5neonics) were in the range of 0.003–229 ng/g dw for soil samples, 7.94–636 ng/L for water samples, and 0.017–31.3 ng/g dw for sediment samples, with a geometric mean of 0.59 ng/g dw, 153 ng/L and 1.11 ng/g dw, respectively. Soils from agricultural areas contained the highest residual NEOs, followed by commercial, traffic, residential, industrial, educational zones and parks. Among the seven different functional zones studied, imidacloprid was the most dominant NEO in the agricultural areas and commercial zones, whereas acetamiprid was dominant in the other five functional zones with different land-use types. Thiamethoxam and acetamiprid were the main NEOs in water and sediment samples collected from 29 creeks. The pollution of NEOs in soils, water and sediments from rural areas was higher than that in the counterparts from urban areas. Residual concentration of NEOs detected in soils, water and sediments showed significant correlations with each other. The distribution of NEOs in soil-water-sediment systems indicated that NEOs tended to concentrate in water, followed by sediments and soils, especially in urban areas. An evaluation of the exposure to the current level of the ∑5NEOs in Guangzhou suggests a significant risk for aquatic and soil organisms, particularly under chronic exposures. The results of the present study offer valuable data to better understand the contamination and ecological risks of neonicotinoid insecticides in the rapidly developing urbanized region of South China.
Recycling wastewater of the pulping and paper-making industry are widely considered for clean production, which heavily rely on the timely and accurate monitoring in paper-making wastewater treatment ...processes. A novel predicting model based on genetic-deep belief network algorithm was proposed to improve the predictive accuracy and reliability for process monitoring. Considering the deep belief networks (DBN) as a deep learning model is aiming to describe the relationship among variables in a complex process modeling, genetic algorithm (GA) was employed to reduce the input variables dimensionality, simplify the network structure and overcome the dynamic characteristic difficulties of process data in monitoring. Compared with DBN and back propagation neural network (BPNN), the GA-DBN effectively achieved a better predictive accuracy than other tests models in complex wastewater treatment processes. The value of the coefficient of determination of GA-DBN model is increased by 1.71–1.86% and 5.21–9.32%, respectively. The GA-DBN model can be structured with fewer variables or samples to describe the complex paper-making wastewater treatment process, obtaining the better model performance and predictive accuracy.
Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which are formed by association of metal cations or clusters of cations (“nodes”) with soft organic bridging ligands (“linkers”), are a fascinating class of flexible ...crystalline hybrid materials offering potential strategy for the construction of flexible electronics. In this study, a high‐quality MOF nanofilm, HKUST‐1, on flexible gold‐coated polyethylene terephthalate substrates is fabricated using liquid phase epitaxy approach. Uniform and reproducible resistive switching effect, which can be sustained under the strain of as high as 2.8%, and over the wide temperature range of –70 to +70 °C, is observed for the first time in the all solid‐state Au/HKUST‐1/Au/thin film structures. Through conductive atomic force microscopic and depth‐profiling X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopicanalysis, it is proposed that the electric field‐induced migration of the Cu2+ ions, which may lead to subsequent pyrolysis of the trimesic acid linkers and thus the formation of highly conducting filaments, could be the possible origin for the observed uniform resistance switching in HKUST‐1 nanofilms.
With well‐defined 3D organic–inorganic frameworks, a HKUST‐1 nanofilm is fabricated on flexible substrate, which exhibit uniform and reproducible resistive switching effect under the strain of as high as 2.8%, and over the wide temperature range of –70 to +70 °C.
Although treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors provides promising benefit for patients with cancer, optimal use is encumbered by high resistance rates and requires a thorough understanding of ...resistance mechanisms. We observed that tumors treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies develop resistance through the upregulation of CD38, which is induced by all-trans retinoic acid and IFNβ in the tumor microenvironment.
and
studies demonstrate that CD38 inhibits CD8
T-cell function via adenosine receptor signaling and that CD38 or adenosine receptor blockade are effective strategies to overcome the resistance. Large data sets of human tumors reveal expression of CD38 in a subset of tumors with high levels of basal or treatment-induced T-cell infiltration, where immune checkpoint therapies are thought to be most effective. These findings provide a novel mechanism of acquired resistance to immune checkpoint therapy and an opportunity to expand their efficacy in cancer treatment.
CD38 is a major mechanism of acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, causing CD8
T-cell suppression. Coinhibition of CD38 and PD-L1 improves antitumor immune response. Biomarker assessment in patient cohorts suggests that a combination strategy is applicable to a large percentage of patients in whom PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is currently indicated.
.
Graphdiyne (GDY) is an ordered two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope comprising sp- and sp
-hybridized carbon atoms with high degrees of π-conjugation, which features a natural band gap and superior ...electric properties. However, the synthesis of one- or few-layer GDY remains challenging because of the free rotation around alkyne-aryl single bonds and the lack of thickness control. We report the facile synthesis of an ultrathin single-crystalline GDY film on graphene through a solution-phase van der Waals epitaxial strategy. The weak admolecule-substrate interaction at the heterojunction drastically relaxes the large lattice mismatch between GDY and graphene. It allows the fast in-plane coupling of admolecules and slow out-of-plane growth toward the formation of an incommensurately stacked heterostructure, which is composed of single-layer graphene and few-layer ABC-stacked GDY, as directly observed by electron microscopy and identified from Raman fingerprints. This study provides a general route not only to the bottom-up synthesis of intriguing 2D acetylenic carbon allotropes but also to the device fabrication for the direct measurement of their intrinsic electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
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•Diverse people groups are confronted with distinct risks of neonicotinoid intake.•Boiling has negligible effect on the elimination of neonicotinoids.•The most frequently detected ...neonicotinoid was imidacloprid in the tap water.•Human activity and weather play important roles in neonicotinoids in the tap water.•Humans in 9 months –2 years are subjected to the highest drinking neonicotinoids.
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are the most widely used pesticides and have posed a serious threat to human health. However, data on human exposure to NEOs are extremely scarce. To bridge this gap, human exposure potential of NEOs through drinking water consumption and percutaneous penetration was evaluated with the influences of 17 age groups, 4 seasons, 6 regions, and 2 genders. The results showed that drinking water in the present study had an upper middle level of NEO contamination. Anthropogenic activity and weather condition played important roles in the regional distribution of NEOs in tap water. For both children and adults, NEOs intake from drinking water exposure (NDE) and percutaneous exposure (NPE) in the south regions of China are significantly higher than those in the north regions, while the order of NDE and NPE by season is summer > spring = autumn > winter. Furthermore, human age and gender also have remarkable impacts on NDE and NPE. The age groups of children subjected to the highest NDE and NPE were 9 months – 2 years old and 9–12 years old, respectively. This study provides insights into the role of seasonal and regional influence, age and gender in the risk of drinking water and percutaneous exposure to NEOs.
The overuse of thiamethoxam (THM) has threatened the survival of living organisms and it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly material to remove THM frequently detected in water. Biochar ...prepared from cow manure modified with ZnCl2 (Zn-CBC) was used to remove THM. Compared to the unmodified cow manure biochar (CBC), the removal ratio of THM by Zn-CBC was enhanced 35 times. In the mechanistic analysis, SEM and BET showed that Zn-CBC had a good pore structure and its specific surface area (166.502 m2 g−1) increased to 17 times that of CBC, indicating that Zn-CBC had good pore adsorption properties. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm implied that the main mechanism was chemisorption including π-π interaction and H-bonding. Furthermore, the stable graphitized structure of Zn-CBC allowed for efficient adsorption and reusability. In addition, this study constructed an intelligent prediction model using batch experiment data, and the high R2 (0.978) and low RMSE (0.057) implied that the model could accurately and quantitatively predict the adsorption efficiency. This paper provides a novel perspective to simultaneously remove the neonicotinoid insecticides and realize the resource utilization of cow manure.
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•ZnCl2-modified biochar derived from cow manure was used to adsorb THM.•The specific surface area of Zn-CBC was 17 times that of CBC.•Zn-CBC had a stable adsorption capacity in a wide pH range.•The main adsorption mechanisms are pore filling, π-π conjugation and H bonding.•Quantitative prediction of THM removal ratio by artificial intelligence.
Highlights
Poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether) (PEA) additive is introduced into the perovskite solar cells to passivate both surface and grain boundary defects, and hence improve the ...device efficiency and stability.
MAPbI
3
device with PEA exhibits significantly enhanced efficiency of 18.87%. (FAPbI
3
)
1-x
(MAPbBr
3
)
x
device with PEA exhibits enhanced efficiency of 21.60%.
The unsealed passivated device degrades only by 5% in PCE after being exposed to air (30 ± 5% relative humidity) for 30 days.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as promising candidates for future renewable energy production. High-density defects in the perovskite films, however, lead to unsatisfactory device performances. Here, poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether) (PEA) additive is utilized to passivate the trap states in perovskite. The PEA molecules chemically interact with lead ions in perovskite, considerably passivate surface and bulk defects, which is in favor of charge transfer and extraction. Furthermore, the PEA additive can efficiently block moisture and oxygen to prolong the device lifetime. As a result, PEA-treated MAPbI
3
(MA: CH
3
NH
3
) solar cells show increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) (from 17.18 to 18.87%) and good long-term stability. When PEA is introduced to (FAPbI
3
)
1-x
(MAPbBr
3
)
x
(FA: HC(NH
2
)
2
) solar cells, the PCE is enhanced from 19.66 to 21.60%. For both perovskites, their severe device hysteresis is efficiently relieved by PEA.
The reaction of Ln(hfac)3⋅2 H2O and pyridine‐N‐oxide (PyNO) leads to isostructural dimers of the formula Ln(hfac)3(PyNO)2 (Ln=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy). The Dy derivative shows a remarkable single‐molecule ...magnet behavior with complex hysteresis at 1.4 K. The dynamics of the magnetization features are two relaxation regimes: a thermally activated one at high temperature (τ0=(5.62±0.4)×10−11 s and Δ=(167±1) K) and a quantum tunneling regime at low temperature with a tunneling frequency of 0.42 Hz. The analysis of the Gd derivative evidences intradimer antiferromagnetic interactions (J=(−0.034±0.001) cm−1). Moreover, the Eu, Tb, and Dy derivatives are luminescent with quantum yield of 51, 53, and 0.1 %, respectively. The thermal investigation of Dy(hfac)3(PyNO)2 shows that the dimers can be sublimated intact, suggesting their possible exploit as active materials for surface‐confined nanostructures to be investigated by fluorimetry methods.
Single‐molecule detection: Ln(hfac)3(PyNO)2 presents a family of luminescent and sublimable, antiferromagnetically coupled dimers. The DyIII derivative (see figure) shows a remarkable single‐molecule‐magnet behavior (τ0=(5.62±0.4)×10−11 s and Δ=(167±1) K). At low temperature, a quantum tunneling regime governs its relaxation and a butterfly hysteretic behavior is visible at 1.4 K.
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that affects the oral mucosa. Although Helicobacter pylori has been documented in subgingival and supragingival plaques and saliva, ...little is currently known about the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and OLP, warranting further research.
PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Web of Science databases were thoroughly searched for relevant articles published from inception until May 23, 2023.
Due to high heterogeneity among the included studies (Tau2 = 2.16; χ2 = 40.33, df = 6; I2 = 85 %), we employed a random-effects model (REM). The forest plot revealed a significant correlation between H. pylori infection and OLP, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.69 (95 % CI: 1.36 to 16.19; P < 0.01). Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled ORs ranged from 3.69 (95 % CI: 1.01 to 13.44; P = 0.05) to 6.77 (95 % CI: 2.65–17.30; P < 0.001), and no single study significantly influenced the results when removed individually. Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between H. pylori infection and OLP and explore the sources of heterogeneity. Finally, Begg's test (P = 0.24) and Egger's test (P = 0.35) were performed on the included studies, and the results indicated no significant publication bias.
Our meta-analysis suggests a close association between H. pylori infection and OLP. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to validate these results in the future.
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