The purpose of the current research was to develop an electronic performance support system (EPSS) for quantitative data analysis by using design-based research.
...https://nicelanalizlericindesteksistemi.blogspot.com/
website was designed in Turkish to address the needs of educational researchers. There were four phases in the study. In the first phase of the research, the tendencies, challenges, and problems of educational researchers in terms of quantitative research were identified. In the second phase, a prototype of the EPSS for quantitative data analysis was designed. In the third phase of the research, the EPSS was tested and evaluated in three cycles. The results of the need analysis demonstrated that there were many challenges that researchers faced, such as deciding on the appropriate statistical analysis, controlling the assumptions, making analysis with statistical software, interpreting the analysis results, and reporting the results according to the APA format. The results of the evaluation phase showed that the system proved to be useful to solve the problems encountered during the quantitative data analysis process.
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•Boron nanoparticles were obtained by using roll-milling process from boron microparticles.•The diethanolamine-boron-subphthalocyanine dye was synthesized from boron ...nanoparticles.•The diethanolamine-boron-subphthalocyanine dye was synthesized from SiB6 microparticles.•The obtained Dea-B-subphthalocyanine is soluble in water, methanol, ethanol and DMSO.•The Dea-B-subphthalocyanine is a fluorescent low band gap energy dye material.
In the present work, the novel synthesis methods were developed for the preparation of a new water soluble and fluorescent diethanolamine-boron-subphthalocyanine (Dea-B-SubPc) dye. The boron nanoparticles and SiB6 were utilized as the boron sources for the Dea-B-SubPc synthesis. In order to obtain the boron nanoparticles, the powder mixture of boron microparticles, phthalonitrile (Pn) and KCl was encapsulated into a Cu pipe and then mechanically roll-milled at room-temperature. The Dea-B-SubPc dye was synthesized via the reaction of the roll-milled boron nanoparticles and Pn in 50 % Dea-toluene solution at 120 °C. The Dea-B-SubPc was also synthesized by the reaction of Pn and SiB6 microparticles using similar experimental conditions. The prepared Dea-B-SubPc was characterized by using the SEM, FT-IR, NMR, HR-ESI-MS, cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV–vis. absorption and fluorescence (FL) emission spectroscopy. The Dea-B-SubPc is soluble in H2O, DMSO, MeOH and EtOH solvents. The optical band gap energy of the Dea-B-SubPc was found as 2.15 eV in MeOH and H2O, and 2.10 eV in DMSO. The Dea-B-SubPc solutions exhibited FL emissions at 592.2 nm in DMSO, 575.2 nm in MeOH and 577.8 nm in H2O with the excitation at 450 nm. The EHOMO and ELUMO energy levels of the Dea-B-SubPc were calculated as −5.82 eV and −4.08 eV, respectively and then the electrochemical band gap energy was found as 1.74 eV using the CV measurements. In summary, both the B nanoparticles and SiB6 microparticles were used successfully for the synthesis of the Dea-B-SubPc as a new fluorescent and low band gap energy dye material.
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•This study covers the functional complexes of the macro molecular Schiff base ligand.•The bleaching performances of the complexes were examined by the degradation of Morin.•Morin as ...hydrophilic dye characterizes the wine stains.•The degradation progress has been investigated using online spectrophotometric method.•The prepared catalysts showed better bleaching performance at 25°C than TAED.
This study covers the functional complexes of tetrakis 4-(salicyhydrazone)phenoxy) phthalocyaninato cobalt (II) (5) which was the macro molecular Schiff base ligand and synthesized through a multistep reaction sequence starting first with the cyclotetramerization of 4-4-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)phenoxy-phthalonitrile (2). Then, the de-protection of tetra acetal groups of Tetrakis4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenoxy)phthalocyaninato cobalt (II) (3) to the aldehyde functionality in acetic acid/FeCl3 system to yield the Tetrakis(4-formylphenoxy)phthalocyaninato cobalt(II) (4) and then its condensation with salicylhydrazide gave to 5. Finally, CoPc-bis(salicyhydrazone)phenoxy)manganese (III) (6), CoPc-bis(salicyhydrazone) phenoxy)cobalt(III) (7) and CoPc-bis (salicyhydrazone)phenoxy) nickel(II) (8) were synthesized using with the related MnCl2·4H2O, CoCl2·6H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2 salt in basic conditions in DMF. FT-IR, UV–Vis, MS spectra and elemental analysis were applied to characterize to prepared compounds.
The bleaching performances of the prepared phthalocyanine compounds (3–8) were examined by the degradation of Morin as the hydrophilic dye which characterized the wine stains on the fabrics. Progress of the degradations in the catalysts (3–8)/H2O2 combination in basic aqueous solution conditions was investigated by using online spectrophotometric method (OSM). It was found that the prepared catalysts showed better bleaching performance at 25°C than to that of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) bleach activator commercially used in powder detergent formulations.
Çok değişkenli ikiden fazla grup ortalama vektörünün karşılaştırılması genellikle Çok Değişkenli Varyans Analizi (MANOVA) problemi olarak bilinmektedir. Ancak MANOVA problemlerinin çözümü için ...kullanılan klasik test istatistikleri, varsayım ihlallerinden oldukça fazla etkilenmektedir. Ayrıca bağımlı değişken sayısının gözlem sayısından daha büyük olduğu durumlarda çok değişkenli test istatistikleri yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek boyutlu Behrens-Fisher problemlerinde ortalama vektörlerin eşit olup olmadığını belirlemek için önerilen bazı test istatistiklerini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaçla varyans-kovaryans matrislerinin heterojen olduğu durumlarda dört farklı test istatistiği için bir simülasyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada üç farklı varyans-kovaryans modeli kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca bağımlı değişken sayısı ve gözlem sayısı için farklı deneysel koşullar dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, test istatistiklerinin performanslarının genel olarak karşılaştırılabilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak deneysel koşullara göre test istatistiklerinin performansının değiştiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Comparison of multivariate mean of more than two groups is generally known as multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) problem. However, classical test statistics used to solve MANOVA problems are highly affected by assumption violations. In addition, multivariate test statistics are insufficient in cases where the number of dependent variables is greater than the number of observations. This study aims to compare some proposed test statistics to determine whether mean vectors are equal in high-dimensional Behrens-Fisher problems. For this purpose, a simulation analysis was carried out for four different test statistics in cases where variance-covariance matrices are heterogeneous. Three different variance-covariance models were used in the study. In addition, different experimental conditions were taken into account for the number of dependent variables and the number of observations. The results of the study showed that the performances of the test statistics were generally comparable. However, it has been observed that the performance of test statistics varies according to experimental conditions.
A new highly fluorescent difluoroboradipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye (
4
) bearing an phthalonitrile group at meso-position of the chromophoric core has been synthesized starting from ...4-(4-meso-dipyrromethene-phenoxy)phthalonitrile (
3
) which was prepared by the oxidation of 4-(2-meso-dipyrromethane-phenoxy)phthalonitrile (
2
). The structural, electronic and photophysical properties of the prepared dye molecule were investigated. The final product exhibit noticeable spectroscopic properties which were examined by its absorption and fluorescence spectra. The original compounds prepared in the reaction pathway were characterized by the combination of FT-IR,
1
H and
13
C NMR, UV–vis and MS spectral data. It has been calculated; molecular structure, vibrational frequencies,
1
H and
13
C NMR chemical shifts and HOMO and LUMO energies of the title compound by using B3LYP method with 6-311++G(dp) basis set, as well. The final product (
4
) was obtained as single crystal which crystallized in the triclinic space group P-1 with
a
= 9.0490 (8) Å,
b
= 10.5555 (9) Å,
c
= 11.7650 (9) Å,
α
= 77.024 (6)°,
β
= 74.437 (6)°,
γ
= 65.211 (6)° and
Z
= 2. The crystal structure has intermolecular C—H···F weak hydrogen bonds. The singlet oxygen generation ability of the dye (
4
) was also investigated in different solvents to determine of using in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
In the title compound, C
21
H
12
N
4
O·H
2
O, the five-membered ring is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.004 (2) Å. An N—H...O hydrogen bond connects the organic and water molecules. ...In the crystal, O—H...N hydrogen bonds link molecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100). Hirshfeld surface analyses and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were used to quantify the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal, indicating that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (28.7%), C...H/H...C (27.1%), N...H/H...N (26.4%), C...N/N...C (6.1%), O...H/H...O (3.7%) and C...C (6.0%) interactions.
A series of benzyl-substituted phthalonitriles, substituted at the 3-, 4-, and 4,5-positions, underwent varied condensations with phthalonitrile to give a series of protected (monohydroxy- and ...polyhydroxyphthalocyaninato)zinc(II) derivatives which were readily cleaved to give several hydroxyphthalocyanines (ZnPc) (phthalocyanine phenol analogues). Their efficacy as sensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer was evaluated on the EMT-6 mammary tumor cell line. In vitro, the 2-hydroxy ZnPc (32) was the most active, followed by the 2,3- and 2,9-dihydroxy ZnPc (39 and 45), with the 2,9,16-trihydroxy ZnPc (33) exhibiting the least activity. In vivo, the monohydroxy derivative 32 and the 2,3-dihydroxy derivative 39 were both efficient in inducing tumor necrosis at 1 micromol kg-1, but complete tumor regression was poor, even at 2 micromol/kg. In contrast, the 2,9-dihydroxy isomer 45, at 2 micromol kg-1, induced tumor necrosis in all animals treated, with 75% complete regression. These results underline the importance of the position of the substituents on the Pc macrocycle to optimize tumor response and confirm the PDT potential of the unsymmetrical Pcs bearing functional groups on adjacent benzene rings.
This work presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel compound, 4-(2-(2-(2-formylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phthalonitrile as the aldehyde functional group substituted phthalonitrile ...derivative. The spectroscopic properties of the compound were examined by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-vis, MS, elemental analyses. The molecular structure of the compound was also confirmed using X-ray single-crystal data with a theorical comparative approach.
This work presents the synthesis and structural characterization of 4-(1
H
-benzo
d
imidazol-2-yl)phenoxyphthalonitrile, a phthalonitrile derivative carrying a benzimidazole moiety. The compound ...crystallizes as its dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate, C
21
H
12
N
4
O·(CH
3
)
2
SO. The dihedral angle between the two fused rings in the heterocyclic ring system is 2.11 (1)°, while the phenyl ring attached to the imidazole moiety is inclined by 20.7 (1)° to the latter. In the crystal structure, adjacent molecules are connected by pairs of weak intermolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds into inversion dimers. N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds with
R
2
1
(7) graph-set motifs are also formed between the organic molecule and the disordered dimethyl sulfoxide solvent occupancy ratio of 0.623 (5):0.377 (5) for the two sites of the sulfur atom. Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots were used to investigate the intermolecular interactions in the crystalline state.
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