Electron-ion collider in China Anderle, Daniele P.; Bertone, Valerio; Cao, Xu ...
Frontiers of Physics,
12/2021, Letnik:
16, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion ...collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a po- larization of 80%) and protons (with a polarization of 70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2-3)×10 33 cm −2*s −1. Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC.
The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.
This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.
In this paper,we investigate the behaviors of dual fermion condensate in QED 3 under variation of temperature.By means of Dyson-Schwinger equation for the fermion propagator,we extract the dual ...fermion condensate and compare its behavior with the ordinary chiral fermion condensate and the chiral susceptibility.It is found that the dual fermion condensate cannot be regarded as the order parameter for the confinement-deconfinement phase transition in QED 3.Furthermore,the change of the dual fermion condensate around the chiral phase transition point observed in the present work must therefore be interpreted as solely induced by the chiral transition.
In this paper, we investigate the behaviors of dual fermion condensate in QED
3
under variation of temperature. By means of Dyson-Schwinger equation for the fermion propagator, we extract the dual ...fermion condensate and compare its behavior with the ordinary chiral fermion condensate and the chiral susceptibility. It is found that the dual fermion condensate cannot be regarded as the order parameter for the confinement-deconfinement phase transition in QED
3
. Furthermore, the change of the dual fermion condensate around the chiral phase transition point observed in the present work must therefore be interpreted as solely induced by the chiral transition.
Electron-Ion Collider in China Anderle, Daniele P; Bertone, Valerio; Cao, Xu ...
arXiv.org,
02/2021
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion ...collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a polarization of \(\sim\)80%) and protons (with a polarization of \(\sim\)70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2-3) \(\times\) 10\(^{33}\) cm\(^{-2}\) s\(^{-1}\). Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC. The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies. This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.
Drug response differs substantially in cancer patients due to inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Particularly, transcriptome context, especially tumor microenvironment, has been shown playing a ...significant role in shaping the actual treatment outcome. In this study, we develop a deep variational autoencoder (VAE) model to compress thousands of genes into latent vectors in a low-dimensional space. We then demonstrate that these encoded vectors could accurately impute drug response, outperform standard signature-gene based approaches, and appropriately control the overfitting problem. We apply rigorous quality assessment and validation, including assessing the impact of cell line lineage, cross-validation, cross-panel evaluation, and application in independent clinical data sets, to warrant the accuracy of the imputed drug response in both cell lines and cancer samples. Specifically, the expression-regulated component (EReX) of the observed drug response achieves high correlation across panels. Using the well-trained models, we impute drug response of The Cancer Genome Atlas data and investigate the features and signatures associated with the imputed drug response, including cell line origins, somatic mutations and tumor mutation burdens, tumor microenvironment, and confounding factors. In summary, our deep learning method and the results are useful for the study of signatures and markers of drug response.
•Oxides are electrochemically split to homogeneous FeCoNiCu MEAs and oxygen.•The current efficiency is over 85% with an energy efficiency of 2.9 kWh/kg-MEA.•The compositions and structures of MEAs ...can be accurately controlled.•The MEA lasts for 10 h without any degradation at 50 mA/cm2 for OERs.
The exploitation of facile preparation methods and novel applications of entropy alloys has gained ever-increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, homogeneous FeCoNiCu medium entropy alloys (MEAs) with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure are prepared by the electrochemical reduction of oxides in molten Na2CO3-K2CO3 using a low-cost Ni10Cu11Fe oxygen-evolution inert anode. The current efficiency reaches 85.3% with a low energy consumption of 2.9 kWh/kg-MEA. At the cathode, Ni acts as a solvent to dissolve other elements and facilitate the formation of the FCC phase, and the co-reduction process enhances the element diffusion rate thereby ensuring the homogeneity of the electrolytic MEAs. In addition, the electrolytic MEAs are pressed into pellet electrodes with an in situ formed oxides layer to catalyze oxygen evolution reactions (OER) in 1.0 M KOH solution. The electrocatalytic activity of the electrolytic MEAs outperforms the commercial IrO2/Ta2O5-Ti electrode, i.e., the overpotential of the electrode is 439 mV at 50 mA/cm2 and the electrode lasts for 10 h without any degradation. Therefore, this paper provides a facile approach to preparing homogeneous MEAs at below 1173 K using oxides feedstock, to accurately controlling compositions and structures of MEAs, and thereby to tailoring functionalities of MEAs.
Display omitted
Heart failure (HF) has been recognized as a global pandemic with a high rate of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Although numerous advances have been made, its representative molecular ...signatures remain largely unknown, especially the role of genes in HF progression. The aim of the present prospective follow-up study was to reveal potential biomarkers associated with the progression of heart failure.
We generated multi-level transcriptomic data from a cohort of left ventricular heart tissue collected from 21 HF patients and 9 healthy donors. By using Masson staining to calculate the fibrosis percentage for each sample, we applied lasso regression model to identify the genes associated with fibrosis as well as progression. The genes were further validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in the same cohort and qRT-PCR using another independent cohort (20 HF and 9 healthy donors). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the plasma level in a validation cohort (139 HF patients) for predicting HF progression.
Based on the multi-level transcriptomic data, we examined differentially expressed genes mRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the study cohort. The follow-up functional annotation and regulatory network analyses revealed their potential roles in regulating extracellular matrix. We further identified several genes that were associated with fibrosis. By using the survival time before transplantation, COL1A1 was identified as a potential biomarker for HF progression and its upregulation was confirmed by both IHC and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, COL1A1 content ≥ 256.5 ng/ml in plasma was found to be associated with poor survival within 1 year of heart transplantation from heart failure hazard ratio (HR) 7.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5 to 15.8, Log-rank p value < 1.0 × 10
.
Our results suggested that COL1A1 might be a plasma biomarker of HF and associated with HF progression, especially to predict the 1-year survival from HF onset to transplantation.
Abstract
Background
Axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury (PNI) depends on the complex interaction between Schwann cells (SCs) and macrophages, but the mechanisms underlying ...macrophage recruitment and activation in axonal regeneration remain unclear.
Methods
RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted to identify differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs) between crushed sciatic nerves and intact contralateral nerves. The putative role of lncRNAs in nerve regeneration was analyzed in vitro and in vivo.
Results
An lncRNA, called axon regeneration-associated transcript (lncARAT), was upregulated in SCs and SC-derived exosomes (SCs-Exo) after sciatic nerve injury. LncARAT contributed to axonal regeneration and improved motor function recovery. Mechanistically, lncARAT epigenetically activated C–C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) expression by recruiting KMT2A to CCL2 promoter, resulting in increased histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and CCL2 transcription in SCs. CCL2 facilitated the infiltration of macrophages into the injured nerves. Meanwhile, lncARAT-enriched exosomes were released from SCs and incorporated into macrophages. LncARAT functioned as an endogenous sponge to adsorb miRNA-329-5p in macrophages, resulting in increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 2 expression, which induced a proregenerative function of macrophages through a signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/6-dependent pathway.
Conclusions
LncARAT may represent a promising therapeutic avenue for peripheral nerve repair.
•FeCoNiCuZnx HEAs are prepared by one-step electrochemical reduction of their oxides.•Use of ZnO as the precursor prevents the evaporation of Zn for preparation Zn-containing HEAs.•The composition ...and structure of HEAs can be easily controlled by adjusting the ingredient of oxide precursors.•Zn enhances the OER activity of FeCoNiCuZnx and the high entropy effect stabilize Zn in the HEAs.•The HEA(Zn0.8) exhibits the best OER activity and a good durability.
The properties of high entropy alloys (HEAs) depend on their phase structures and compositions. However, it is difficult to control the composition of the HEAs that contain highly volatile metals by the conventional arc melting method. In this paper, homogeneous powdery face centered cubic (FCC) phase Fe0.5CoNiCuZnx HEAs were prepared by the electrolysis of metal oxides in molten Na2CO3-K2CO3 using a stable Ni11Fe10Cu inert oxygen-evolution anode. The use of oxide precursors and relatively low synthetic temperature are beneficial to efficiently preparing HEAs that contain highly volatile elements such as Zn. Moreover, the microstructures and compositions of the electrolytic HEAs can be easily tailored by adjusting the components of oxide precursors, then further regulating its properties. Thus, the electrocatalytic activity of Fe0.5CoNiCuZnx HEAs towards oxygen evolution reactions (OER) was investigated in 1 M KOH. The results show that Zn promotes the OER activity of Fe0.5CoNiCuZnx HEAs, i.e., the HEA(Zn0.8) shows the best OER activity exhibiting a low overpotential of 340 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and excellent stability of 24 h. Hence, molten salt electrolysis not only provides a green approach to prepare Fe0.5CoNiCuZnx HEAs but also offers an effective way to regulate the structure of the alloys and thereby optimizes the electrocatalytic activities for water electrolysis.
Display omitted
PDF
