We reported a BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for the simultaneous detection of GSH and Cys/Hcy. The nitrothiophenol moiety of the probe serves not only as a leaving group for the thiol-substitution ...reaction, but also a fluorescence quencher to provide a low emission background. The electron-withdrawing imidazolium group drastically increases reactivity of the Cys/Hcy-induced substitution–rearrangement reaction. The imidazolium group can further be replaced by GSH and resulted in a bithioether-product ( λ abs = 568 nm, λ em = 588 nm), which showed distinct photophysical properties from the amino-product ( λ abs = 443 nm, λ em = 530 nm) in the case of Cys/Hcy. It is noted that they exhibited great differences in absorption spectra of more than 120 nm. Thus, the simultaneous detection of GSH and Cys/Hcy can be achieved at different excitation wavelengths. The probe can quantitatively determinate the amount of Cys, Hcy and GSH in certain concentration ranges. We also found that the probe could detect GSH and Cys in living cells from different emission channels.
Biological thiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocystein (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), play crucial roles in maintaining the appropriate redox status of biological systems. An abnormal level of ...biothiols is associated with different diseases, therefore, the discrimination between them is of great importance. Herein, we present two fluorescent sensors for selective detection of biothiols based on our recently reported intramolecular displacement mechanism. We expanded this mechanism to commercially available chromophores, 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) and heptamethine cyanine dye IR-780. The sensors operate by undergoing displacement of chloride by thiolate. The amino groups of Cys/Hcy further replace the thiolate to form amino-substituted products, which exhibit dramatically different photophysical properties compared to sulfur-substituted products from the reaction with GSH. NBD-Cl is highly selective towards Cys/Hcy and exhibits significant fluorescence enhancement. IR-780 showed a variation in its fluorescence ratio towards Cys over other thiols. Both of the sensors can be used for live-cell imaging of Cys. The wide applicability of the mechanism may provide a powerful tool for developing novel fluorescent sensors for selective detection of biothiols.
Fentanyl enhances HIV infection in vitro Yan, Jie; Nie, Dong-hang; Bai, Cheng-si ...
Virology (New York, N.Y.),
December 2022, 2022-12-00, 20221201, Letnik:
577
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has a high tendency among illicit drug abusers. Recently, it is reported that abuse of fentanyl, a ...potent synthetic μ receptor–stimulating opioid, is an independent risk factor for HIV-1 infection. However, the mechanism of action in augmenting HIV-1 infection still remains elusive. In this study, we found that fentanyl enhanced infection of HIV-1 in MT2 cells, primary macrophages and Jurkat C11 cells. Fentanyl up-regulated CXCR4 and CCR5 receptor expression, which facilitated the entry of virion into host cells. In addition, it down-regulated interferon-β (IFN-β) and interferon-stimulated genes (APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G and MxB) expression in MT2 cells. Our findings identify an essential role of fentanyl in the positive regulation of HIV-1 infection via the upregulation of co-receptors (CXCR4/CCR5) and downregulation of IFN-β and ISGs, and it may have an important role in HIV-1 immunopathogenesis.
•Fentanyl enhances infection of HIV-1 in MT2, primary macrophages, Jurkat C11 cells.•Fentanyl promotes the expression of CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors.•Fentanyl inhibits interferon-β and interferon-stimulated genes expression.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major health problem for delayed diagnosis, inefficient surveillance and poor prognosis. Recent studies have indicated that non-coding RNAs contribute to the ...development of new strategies for diagnosis and treatment of HCC. In the present study, we employed 18 pairs of HCC and matched non-tumor tissues for the identification of differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in HCC, among which 7 paired specimens were selected randomly for microarray detection. Totally, twenty-three miRNAs were screened out to have statistically significant differences with the threshold of P < 0.01 and fold-change ≥ 2.0 or ≤ 0.5 using miRNA microarray. In the validation stage, two miRNAs exhibited higher expression levels in the HCC tissues compared with those in the matched non-tumor tissues, whereas the expression levels of ten miRNAs were lower in the HCC tissues than those in the matched non-tumor tissues. In further analysis, eight miRNAs, including miR-4270, miR-125b-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-10a-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-106b-5p and miR-3651, were retained, when another constraint about the signal intensity of microarray probes was established. Among these miRNAs, our study was the first to show the higher expression level of miR-3651 and the lower expression level of miR-4270 in HCC. The areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve values of miR-3651 and miR-4270 were 0.730 and 0.967, respectively, indicating their potential diagnostic values. Our results may help provide the context for expanded interpretations of miRNA studies involved in the progression of liver disease, potentially serving as a diagnostic tool of HCC.
...1 mL Trizol lysate (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) was added to the cell precipitation and then frozen at −80°C. The supernatant was retained for later verification by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay ...(ELISA). FcγRIIIA, which is mainly distributed on the surface of monocytes/macrophages, may activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B signaling pathway, then trigger actin cytoskeleton regulation, cell membrane remodeling, pseudopodia stretching, and so on, eventually ingest the particles by endocytosis, forming phagosomes or endosomes. Besides the FcγR and FcεRI pathways, our study revealed that the Ras and NLR pathways were induced by stimulation with allergens or pathogens. Previous studies showed that the Ras pathway was involved in monocytes/macrophages endocytosis, and the NLR pathway participated in the differentiation of T cells and the immune response of lymphocytes mediated by specific antigens. ...combined with our results of pathway analysis, we speculate that antigens of M. globosa may activate the Ras and NLR pathways by binding to the corresponding receptors on lymphocytes, thereby producing the relevant biological effects.
To explore the value of multiple detection methods based on histopathology and supplemented by bone marrow or peripheral blood sample detections in the comprehensive diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma ...(MCL).
The clinical, immunophenotypic, pathologic, cytogenetic and molecular features of 153 newly diagnosed MCL patients admitted to the hematology department of our hospital from May 2009 to September 2022 were analyzed.
144 (96.6%) of the 149 MCL patients who underwent marrow or peripheral blood
FISH detection at initial diagnosis were positive, of which 36 cases (24.2%) had a low proportion positive. The immunophenotypes in 115 patients were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), 89 cases (77.4%) conformed to MCL while 23 cases (20.0%) were initially diagnosed as B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPD). Of the 75 cases who performed bone marrow biopsy, 50 cases (66.7%) had morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics consistent with MCL, 15 cases (20.0%) were classified as B-LPD, and 10 cases with no ob
Aims
This study sought to compare healthcare quality and 30 day, 90 day, and 1 year mortality rates among patients admitted to secondary and tertiary hospitals for heart failure (HF) in Beijing.
...Methods and results
This study retrospectively enrolled patients hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of HF during January 2014 to December 2015, from five tertiary and four secondary hospitals, in Beijing, China. Mortality data were extracted from Beijing Death Surveillance Database. HF healthcare quality indices were used to evaluate in‐hospital care. Associations between hospital level and mortality rates were assessed using generalized linear mixed models, adjusting for patients' baseline characteristics and intra‐hospital correlation. Data from 1413 patients (median interquartile range age = 74 65–80 years, 52.7% female) from secondary hospitals and 1250 patients (median interquartile range age = 72 61–79 years, 43.3% female) from tertiary hospitals were collected. Rates of left ventricular ejection fraction assessment (73.2% vs. 90.1%) and combined use of β‐blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (30.1% vs. 49.3%) were lower in secondary hospitals than those in tertiary hospitals, respectively. Patients admitted to secondary hospitals had a higher 90 day mortality 10.8% vs. 5.0%; adjusted odds ratio (OR): 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–3.84, P = 0.024 and a higher 1 year mortality rate 21.0% vs. 12.1%; adjusted OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.02–2.62, P = 0.039, but 30 day mortality rates were not significantly different (5.5% vs. 3.0%; adjusted OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.63–3.52, P = 0.368).
Conclusions
Worse quality of care for patients with HF in secondary hospitals was associated with higher 90 day and 1 year mortality rates. Improving care quality in secondary hospitals is crucial to improve prognosis of patients they served.
We developed a facile and low-cost approach to prepare lightweight and high-strength magnesium–matrix composites with a nacre-inspired laminated structure. First, lamellar Mg
2
B
2
O
5
whisker (Mg
2
...B
2
O
5
w) scaffolds with initial solid loadings of 10, 15 and 20 vol% were prepared by ice templating. The wettability between a molten AZ91D alloy and the Mg
2
B
2
O
5
w scaffold was greatly improved by the incorporation of nano-SiO
2
sol in the aqueous slurry, making the preparation of nacre-mimetic AZ91D/Mg
2
B
2
O
5
w composite by way of pressureless infiltration feasible. The SiO
2
content in the Mg
2
B
2
O
5
w scaffold has a significant effect on the processing and the microstructure and properties of the composites. The optimum SiO
2
content was about 6–8 wt% of the total ceramic loading. A lower SiO
2
content resulted in incomplete infiltration, while a higher content led to the formation of a large quantity of Mg
2
Si in the composite. The flexural strength of the composites seemed independent of the initial ceramic loading (10–20 vol%), whereas the compressive strength and elastic modulus increased considerably and the crack-growth fracture toughness decreased with increasing ceramic content. The mechanism for such variations was addressed.
An investigation was performed into the stability of three emulsion explosives, namely bulk, packaged and powdery emulsion explosive. The dynamic stability is crucial for bulk emulsion explosive, and ...the experimental results show that it will possibly achieve both good dynamic stability and fluidity when polyisobutene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) based emulsifiers, such as PIBSA-DTEA, PIBSA-TEA and PIBSA-STEA etc, used alone in preparing explosive. Opposite with that, the long-term storage stability is much more important for packaged emulsion explosive. In several PIBSA based emulsifiers, polyisobutene succinimide (PIBSI) is more suitable for improving the stability of packaged emulsion explosive. Moreover, the stability also can be improved through rising the toughness of oil film, like adding a certain amount of microcrystalline wax. The caking of ammonium nitrate (AN) crystals with time is the key reason, which decreasing the stability of powdery emulsion explosive. The caking phenomenon will be weakened with the addition of rosin because the softened rosin can allow the repair of damaged oil film and prevent AN crystals breaking the oil film. Besides that, adding potassium nitrate to AN solution or a certain amount of talcum powder also can effectively improve the stability.
The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the efficacy of zinc supplementation in patients with pressure injuries (PIs).
Electronic data bases (Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of ...Science) were searched from inception to 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐RCTs addressing the efficacy of zinc supplementation compared with a control nutrition invention on PI outcomes. The primary study outcome was the healing rate of PIs during treatment; the secondary outcomes were the improvement of PI area and pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH) score.
A total of 7 studies were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The intervention group significantly had improved healing vs that of the control group (relative risk, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.01−2.06; P = 0.043, I2 = 19.3%). There was no obvious asymmetry in the funnel plot and no strong evidence of publication bias. Sensitivity analysis showed that meta‐analysis has good stability. Studies showed a greater mean reduction in PI area. All the studies we included had a significant improvement in the PUSH score of PIs.
Our systematic review and meta‐analysis from clinical research confirmed that zinc therapy can promote wound healing and suggest that medical staff should consider providing patients with zinc during PI treatment.
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