Magmatic processes that occur during the transition from oceanic to continental subduction and collision in orogens are critical and still poorly resolved. Oceanic slab detachment in particular is ...hypothesized to mark a fundamental change in magmatism and deformation within an orogen. Here, we report on two Quaternary volcanic centers of Myanmar that may help us better understand the process of slab detachment. The Monywa volcanic rocks are composed of low‐K tholeiitic, medium‐K calk‐alkaline, and high‐K to shoshonitic basalts with arc signatures, while the Singu volcanic rocks show geochemical characteristics similar to asthenosphere‐derived magmas. These volcanic rocks have low Os concentrations but extremely high 187Os/186Osi ratios (0.1498 to 0.3824) due to minor (<4%) crustal contamination. The Monywa arc‐like rocks were generated by small degrees of partial melting of subduction‐modified asthenospheric mantle at variable depths from the spinel to garnet stability fields. Distinct from the Monywa arc‐like rocks (87Sr/86Sri = 0.7043 to 0.7047; εNdi = +2.3 to +4.7), the Singu OIB‐like rocks exhibit higher 87Sr/86Sri (0.7056 to 0.7064) and lower εNdi (+0.8 to +1.6) values. These isotopic characteristics indicate a large contribution of an isotopically enriched asthenosphere layer beneath the Burmese microplate, which possibly flowed from SE Tibet. We interpret that this short‐lived, small‐scale, and low‐degree melting Quaternary volcanism in Myanmar was triggered by its position above a slab window resulting from the tearing of the oceanic lithosphere from buoyant continental lithosphere of the Indian plate.
Key Points
Southward tearing of oceanic lithosphere from continental lithosphere of the Indian plate occurred in central Myanmar
Active slab detachment triggers both arc‐like and OIB‐like Quaternary basaltic volcanism during highly oblique continental subduction
An exotic asthenosphere layer beneath the Burmese microplate flowed from central and SE Tibet
To analyze the clinical characteristics of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and a preliminary study to explore the relationship between different clinical classification and liver damage.
...Consecutively confirmed novel coronavirus infection cases admitted to seven designated hospitals during January 23, 2020 to February 8, 2020 were included. Clinical classification (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) was carried out according to the diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Fifth Edition) issued by the National Health Commission. The research data were analyzed using SPSS19.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were expressed as median (interquartile range), and qualitative data were expressed as frequency and rate.
32 confirmed cases that met the inclusion criteria were included. 28 cases were of mild or moderate type (87.50%), and four cases (12.50%) of severe or critical type. Four cases (12.5%) were combined with one underlying disease (bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, malignant tumor, chronic kidney disease), and one case (3.13%) was simultaneously combined with high blood pressure and malignant tumor. The results of laboratory examination showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBil) for entire cohort were 26.98 (16.88 ~ 46.09) U/L and 24.75 (18.71 ~ 31.79) U/L, 39.00 (36.20 ~ 44.20) g/L and 16.40 (11.34 ~ 21.15) μmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the mild or moderate subgroups were 22.75 (16.31 ~ 37.25) U/L, 23.63 (18.71 ~ 26.50) U/L, 39.70 (36.50 ~ 46.10) g/L, and 15.95 (11.34 ~ 20.83) μmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the severe or critical subgroups were 60.25 (40.88 ~ 68.90) U/L, 37.00 (20.88 ~ 64.45) U/L, 35.75 (28.68 ~ 42.00) g/L, and 20.50 (11.28 ~ 25.00) μmol/L, respectively.
The results of this multicenter retrospective study suggests that novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver damage is more likely to be caused by adverse drug reactions and systemic inflammation in severe patients receiving medical treatment. Therefore, liver function monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened during the treatment of such patients.
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd
3+
)-coordinated texaphyrin (Gd-Tex) is a promising radiosensitizer that entered clinical trials, but temporarily fails largely due to insufficient radiosensitization ...efficacy. Little attention has been given to using nanovesicles to improve its efficacy. Herein, Gd-Tex is transformed into building blocks “Gd-Tex-lipids” to self-assemble nanovesicles called Gd-nanotexaphyrins (Gd-NTs), realizing high density packing of Gd-Tex in a single nanovesicle and achieving high Gd-Tex accumulation in tumors. To elucidate the impact of O
2
concentration on Gd-Tex radiosensitization, myoglobin (Mb) is loaded into Gd-NTs (Mb@Gd-NTs), resulting in efficient relief of tumor hypoxia and significant enhancement of Gd-Tex radiosensitization, eventually inducing the obvious long-term antitumor immune memory to inhibit tumor recurrence. In addition to Gd
3+
, the versatile Mb@Gd-NTs can also chelate
177
Lu
3+
(Mb@
177
Lu/Gd-NTs), enabling SPECT/MRI dual-modality imaging for accurately monitoring drug delivery in real-time. This “one-for-all” nanoplatform with the capability of chelating various trivalent metal ions exhibits broad clinical application prospects in imaging-guided radiosensitization therapy.
Grape proanthocyanidins (GPCs) are a family of naturally derived polyphenols that have aroused interest in the poultry industry due to their versatile role in animal health. This study was conducted ...to investigate the potential benefits and appropriate dosages of GPCs on growth performance, jejunum morphology, plasma antioxidant capacity and the biochemical indices of broiler chicks. A total of 280 newly hatched male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into four treatments of seven replicates each, and were fed a wheat-soybean meal-type diet with or without (control group), 7.5, 15 or 30 mg/kg of GPCs. Results show that dietary GPCs decrease the feed conversion ratio and average daily gain from day 21 to day 42, increase breast muscle yield by day 42 and improve jejunum morphology between day 21 and day 42. Chicks fed 7.5 and 15 mg/kg of GPCs show increased breast muscle yield and exhibit improved jejunum morphologies than birds in the control group. Dietary GPCs fed at a level of 15 mg/kg markedly increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity between day 21 and day 42, whereas a supplement of GPCs at 7.5 mg/kg significantly increased T-SOD activity and decreased lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde content by day 42. A supplement of 30 mg/kg of GPCs has no effect on antioxidant status but adversely affects the blood biochemical indices, as evidenced by increased creatinine content, increased alkaline phosphatase by day 21 and increased alanine aminotransferase by day 42 in plasma. GPC levels caused quadratic effect on growth, jejunum morphology and plasma antioxidant capacity. The predicted optimal GPC levels for best plasma antioxidant capacity at 42 days was 13 to 15 mg/kg, for best feed efficiency during grower phase was 16 mg/kg, for best jejunum morphology at 42 days was 17 mg/kg. In conclusion, GPCs (fed at a level of 13 to 17 mg/kg) have the potential to be a promising feed additive for broiler chicks.
Mesozoic strata of the Hoh‐Xil‐Songpan‐Ganzi complex in northern Tibet are exposed in a vast (> 370,000 km2) triangle‐shaped orogenic belt bound by the Longmen Shan thrust belt in the east, the ...Kunlun terrane and North China block in the north, and the Qiangtang terrane and Yidun arc in the south. These strata consist of Middle–Upper Triassic submarine fan and deep marine facies rocks that were deposited in the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean. Late Triassic–Early Jurassic contractional deformation in the eastern Hoh‐Xil‐Songpan‐Ganzi complex marks the demise of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean basin and the accretion of the Gondwana‐derived Qiangtang terrane to Eurasia. We conducted geological mapping, regional stratigraphic analyses, and U‐Pb geochronology of detrital zircons (n = 4128) on the Mesozoic sequences exposed in the Hoh‐Xil‐Songpan‐Ganzi complex, Kunlun terrane, and Qiangtang terrane. We identify for the first time marine silciclastic sandstone and shale of Jurassic age in the northwestern Hoh‐Xil‐Songpan‐Ganzi complex that unconformably overlie Upper Triassic turbidites. Zircon age data indicate that the Middle–Upper Triassic marine gravity‐flow deposits of the Hoh‐Xil‐Songpan‐Ganzi complex were shed from the North and South China blocks, and Middle–Late Triassic ultrahigh‐pressure Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt, as well as the Kunlun and Qiangtang terranes. In addition, the detrital zircon results suggest vast sediment source to sink distances (>1500 km) for the Middle–Upper Triassic Hoh‐Xil‐Songpan‐Ganzi strata, which is consistent with tectonic models for the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean basin that incorporate significant components of horizontal tectonic transport like opening of large back‐arc basins in response to oceanic slab rollback.
Key Points
The first detailed geochronology, stratigraphic, paleocurrent studies in Hoh‐Xil
Identified, for the first time, marine strata of Jurassic age in Hoh‐Xil
A submarine channel may have transported sediment from the CAOP to HXSG basin
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis on breast muscle growth, chemical composition, and meat quality of male broilers. Fertile ...broiler eggs (Arbor Acres; n = 1,320) were preweighed and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups in 3 modified incubators: 1) control group (in dark condition), 2) monochromatic green light group (560 nm), and 3) monochromatic blue light group (480 nm). The monochromatic lighting systems sourced from light-emitting diode lamps and were equalized at the intensity of 15 lx at eggshell level. After hatch, 120 male chicks from each group were placed in 6 replicates with 20 birds each. All of the birds were housed under white light (30 lx at bird-head level) with a light schedule of 23L:1D. At 21, 35, and 42 d of age, BW and breast muscle weight in the green light group were significantly increased compared with birds in the blue or dark groups (P < 0.05). The breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentages in birds incubated under green light were significantly elevated by 50.39 g (0.76%) and 54.07 g (1.20%) than those in the dark condition or blue group at 42 d of market age (P < 0.05), respectively. In the green light group, feed intake during 0~42 d was higher than that in the other 2 treatment groups (P < 0.05); feed conversion ratio during 0~35 and 0~42 d were lower than that in the dark condition (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the contents of breast moisture, CP, crude fat, and crude ash among all groups were observed (P > 0.05). Green light stimuli tended to increase cooking loss (P = 0.08) and L* value of 24-h meat color (P = 0.09). These results suggest that green light stimuli during embryogenesis enhanced the posthatch BW of male broilers, increased breast muscle growth, and improved the feed conversion ratio, but it did not cause any noticeable changes in breast chemical composition or overall meat quality characteristics.
The occurrence of sporadic E (Es) layers has been a hot scientific topic for a long time. The GNSS (global navigation satellite system)-based radio occultation (RO) has proven to be a powerful ...technique for detecting the global Es layers. In this paper, we focus on some cases of complex Es layers based on the RO data from multiple missions processed in UCAR/CDAAC (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC)). We first show some examples of multiple Es layers occurred in one RO event. Based on the evaluations between colocated simultaneous RO events and between RO and lidar observations, it could be concluded that some of these do manifest the multiple Es layer structures. We then show a case of the occurrence of Es in a broad region during a certain time interval. The result is then validated by independent ionosondes observations. It is possible to explain these complex Es structures using the popular wind shear theory. We could map the global Es occurrence routinely in the near future, given that more RO data will be available. Further statistical studies will enhance our understanding of the Es mechanism. The understanding of Es should benefit both Es-based long-distance communication and accurate neutral RO retrievals.
The human vestibular system is crucial for motion perception, balance control, and various higher cognitive functions. Exploring how the cerebral cortex responds to vestibular signals is not only ...valuable for a better understanding of how the vestibular system participates in cognitive and motor functions but also clinically significant in diagnosing central vestibular disorders. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a portable and non-invasive brain imaging technology to monitor cortical hemodynamics under physical motion.
This study aimed to investigate the cerebral cortical response to naturalistic vestibular stimulation induced by real physical motion and to validate the vestibular cerebral cortex previously identified using alternative vestibular stimulation.
Functional NIRS data were collected from 12 right-handed subjects when they were sitting in a motion platform that generated three types of whole-body passive translational motion (circular, lateral, and fore-and-aft).
The study found that different cortical regions were activated by the three types of motion. The cortical response was more widespread under circular motion in two dimensions compared to lateral and fore-and-aft motions in one dimensions. Overall, the identified regions were consistent with the cortical areas found to be activated in previous brain imaging studies.
The results provide new evidence of brain selectivity to different types of motion and validate previous findings on the vestibular cerebral cortex.
The singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D+s → K + π + π − π 0 is observed by using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.32 fb − 1 recorded by the BESIII detector at the ...centre-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV. The first amplitude analysis of D+s → K + π + π − π 0 reveals the sub-structures in this decay and determines the fractions and relative phases of different intermediate processes. The dominant intermediate process is D+s → K *0 ρ + , with a fit fraction of (40 . 5 ± 2 . 8 stat . ± 1 . 5 syst . )%. With the detection efficiency based on our amplitude analysis, the absolute branching fraction for D+s → K + π + π − π 0 is measured to be (9 . 75 ± 0 . 54 stat . ± 0 . 17 syst . ) × 10 − 3 .
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