•Natural-sugar-alcohols were introduced to design novel cleanable polyester loose nanofiltration membranes.•The optimized polyester Membranes with high permeability(80.63 ± 1.72 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) ...provide the superior sieving ability for dyes and salts(high selectivity of 229.07).•This polyester membrane exhibited outstanding compatibility with dye-fouling cleaning agents.•This polyester membrane showed excellent antifouling performance and long-term stability.
Achieving zero discharge of salt-containing dye wastewater is essential for sustainable development, which requires precise separation of organic dyes and inorganic salts. This work describes a new strategy for the preparation of cleanable polyester loose nanofiltration (LNF) membranes using inexpensive natural-sugar-alcohols (erythritol, sorbitol, and maltitol) as aqueous monomers. The resulting polyester membrane has a loose structure with hydrophilic properties and negative charge density. The optimized sorbitol/trimesoyl chloride (TMC) membranes exhibited high pure water permeability (80.63 ± 1.72 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1), a high selectivity factor for salt/dye separation at 229.07(dye rejection of 99.6 ± 0.48%, salt rejection of 8.17 ± 0.8%). Moreover, Sorbitol/TMC polyester membranes exhibit excellent compatibility with dye-fouling detergents, antifouling ability, and long-term stability. The unoptimized erythritol/TMC and maltitol/TMC membranes also exhibit high water permeability and accurate dye/salt sieving ability. The results reveal that natural-sugar-alcohol-based polyester membranes are expected to stand out in the future of salt-containing dye wastewater treatment.
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Waste activated sludge (WAS) is a promising phosphorus (P) source for fertilizer production; however, it is mainly enmeshed inside microbial cells or extracellular polymeric matrixes. Thus, efficient ...P release is a key goal. This study provided an effective route to simultaneously release organic P (OP) and harvest hydrogen from WAS via bio-electrolysis assisted with prefermentation system (AD_MEC). The clarification of P fractions in both solid and liquid phases and the underlying mechanism in this cascading system were explored. Free nitrous acid (FNA) was employed to enhance WAS hydrolysis. The results showed that hydrogen generation was effectively accelerated: 0.54 mL per gram sludge (in volatile suspended solids (VSS)) was produced from raw WAS (AD_MEC_RWAS), which increased to 1.27 mL/g VSS from FNA-pretreated WAS (AD_MEC_FWAS). The limited OP release by prefermentation was enhanced via MECs; additionally, it was further promoted by FNA, and the treatment time was also shortened. The maximum OP release efficiency reached 54.6% at 112 h (AD_MEC_FWAS). Additionally, non-apatite and inorganic apatite P may regenerate in MECs due to the localized decrease in pH caused by hydrogen generation. This work may provide a scientific basis to enhance P and hydrogen co-recovery from WAS in forthcoming implementation.
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•H2 recovery and P release from WAS was achieved in cascading conversion system.•The limited OP release in prefermentation was accelerated via bio-electrolysis.•FNA played a positive effect on H2 recovery and OP release from WAS.•Underlying mechanism of cascading conversion system for P release was explored.
Qinting Lake Park has effectively imported
varieties from Zhejiang Province. The analytic hierarchy process was employed to devise an evaluation framework to evaluate the ornamental and adaptive ...features of these species. Subsequently, we conducted a standardized evaluation of 24 species for their ornamental and adaptive traits under controlled cultivation conditions. The findings indicated that the percentage of ornamental flowers in the first-level index was significantly greater than the other two factors, indicating that the ornamental value of flowers was the most important in the evaluation of
ornamental value. Among the secondary indicators, the proportion of flower color and flower weight was significantly higher than that of other factors, which had the greatest impact on the evaluation results. The 24
species were classified into two grades based on their ornamental value, as determined by index weights and scoring standards.
'Xueqing',
'Big Qinglian', and
'Jinyang No. 9' exhibited superior ornamental value and demonstrated more favorable suitability for garden applications.
