Penicillium produces a wide range of structurally diverse metabolites with significant pharmacological impacts in medicine and agriculture. For the first time, a complete metabolome of Penicillium ...claviforme (P. claviforme) (FBP-DNA-1205) was studied alongside pharmacological research in this study.
The metabolic profile of P. claviforme fermented on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) was investigated in this work. The complete metabolomics studies of fungus were performed using GC-MS and LC-MS-QTOF techniques. An in vitro model was utilised to study the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities, while an in vivo model was employed to investigate the antinociceptive and acute toxicity activities. Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software was used for molecular docking analysis.
GC-MS study showed the presence of alkanes, fatty acids, esters, azo and alcoholic compounds. Maculosin, obtain, phalluside, quinoline, 4,4'-diaminostilbene, funaltrexamine, amobarbital, and fraxetin were among the secondary metabolites identified using the LC-MS-QTOF technique. The n-hexane fraction of P. claviforme displayed significant cytotoxic activity in vitro, with an LD50 value of 92.22 µgml
−1
. The antinociceptive effects in vivo were dose-dependent significantly (p < .001). Interestingly, during the 72 h of investigation, no acute toxicity was demonstrated. In addition, a docking study of tentatively identified metabolites against the inflammatory enzyme (COX-2) supported the antinociceptive effect in an in silico model.
Metabolic profile of P. claviforme shows the presence of biologically relevant compounds in ethyl acetate extract. In addition, P. claviforme exhibits substantial antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in an in vitro model as well as antinociceptive activity in an in vivo model. The antinociceptive action is also supported by a molecular docking study. This research has opened up new possibilities in the disciplines of mycology, agriculture, and pharmaceutics.
Key messages
The first time explored complete metabolome through GC-MS and LC-MS-QTOF.
Both in vivo & in vitro pharmacological investigation of P. claviforme.
In silico molecular docking of LC-MS-QTOF metabolites.
The scientific interest in developing new complexes as inhibitors of bacterial biofilm related infections is constantly rising. The present work describes the chemical synthesis, structural and ...biological scrutiny of a triazole Schiff base ligand and its corresponding complexes. Triazole Schiff base, (2-methoxy-4-(1
H
-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylimino)methylphenol) was synthesized from the condensation reaction of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde in an equimolar ratio. The triazole ligand (
H
2
L
) was characterized by physical (solubility, color, melting point), spectroscopic UV–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (
1
H-NMR) and mass spectra (MS) and micro analysis to evaluate their elemental composition. The bidentate ligand was complexed with transition metal VO(IV), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) in 1:2 molar ratio. The complexes were characterized by physical (color, solubility, decomposition temperature, conductance and magnetic moment), FT-IR, UV–Vis and elemental analysis. Thermal stability and fluorescence properties of the compounds were also determined. Density functional theory based theoretical calculations were accomplished to gain more insight into spectroscopic properties. The frontier molecular orbital analysis revealed that the ligand was less reactive with reduced electron donating capability and more kinetic stability than complexes. The as-synthesized compounds were scrutinized for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity against selected strains. Cobalt complex exhibited highest antibacterial activity against
Escherichia coli
and nickel complex has shown highest antifungal activity against
Aspergillus niger
. All the compounds also showed good antioxidant activity. The theoretical results reflect consistency with the experimental findings signifying that such compounds could be the promising chemical scaffolds in the near future against microbial infectious.
Graphic abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) affects many patients globally and has high mortality rates if undetected. Once thought to be solely a degenerative disease that afflicted the aorta due ...to high pressure and biomechanical stress, extensive investigation of the heritability and natural history of TAAD has shown a clear genetic basis for the disease. Here, we review both the cellular mechanisms and clinical manifestations of syndromic and non-syndromic TAAD. We particularly focus on genes that have been linked to dissection at diameters <5.0 cm, the current lower bound for surgical intervention. Genetic screening tests to identify patients with TAAD associated mutations that place them at high risk for dissection are also discussed.
Meeting the rising energy demand and limiting its environmental impact are the two intertwined issues faced in the 21st century. Governments in different countries have been engaged in developing ...regulations and related policies to encourage environment friendly renewable energy generation along with conservation strategies and technological innovations. It is important to develop sustainable energy policies and provide relevant and suitable policy recommendations for end-users. This study presents a review on sustainable energy policy for promotion of renewable energy by introducing the development history of energy policy in five countries, i.e., the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark and China. A survey of the articles aimed at promoting the development of sustainable energy policies and their modelling is carried out. It is observed that energy-efficiency standard is one of the most popular strategy for building energy saving, which is dynamic and renewed based on the current available technologies. Feed-in-tariff has been widely applied to encourage the application of renewable energy, which is demonstrated successfully in different countries. Building energy performance certification schemes should be enhanced in terms of reliable database system and information transparency to pave the way for future net-zero energy building and smart cities.
To investigate the response of nutritional supplement (LNS-PLW) on appetite score, energy intake, insulin and glucose levels in preeclamptic women.
Sixty under-weight preeclamptic primigravida were ...divided into two groups randomly and provided LNS-PLW/Placebo in the fasted state. Blood samples were collected at fasting state, after 30mins of supplementation, "ad libitum buffet" breakfast and lunch for glucose and insulin levels.
Total energy intake was higher significantly in the LNS-PLW group, although during breakfast it was significantly reduced. The insulin and glucose concentration was significantly increased after 30min of supplementation in the LNS-PLW group.
Intake of the LNS-PLW by pre-eclamptic women had short-term suppression on subsequent meal but improved total energy intake during trial.
The beech leaf disease nematode, Litylenchus crenatae subsp. mccannii, is recognized as a newly emergent nematode species that causes beech leaf disease (BLD) in beech trees (Fagus spp.) in North ...America. Changes of leaf morphology before emergence from the bud induced by BLD can provoke dramatic effects on the leaf architecture and consequently to tree performance and development. The initial symptoms of BLD appear as dark green, interveinal banding patterns of the leaf. Despite the fast progression of this disease, the cellular mechanisms leading to the formation of such aberrant leaf phenotype remains totally unknown. To understand the cellular basis of BLD, we employed several types of microscopy to provide an exhaustive characterization of nematode-infected buds and leaves. Histological sections revealed a dramatic cell change composition of these nematode-infected tissues. Diseased bud scale cells were typically hypertrophied and showed a high variability of size. Moreover, while altered cell division had no influence on leaf organogenesis, induction of cell proliferation on young leaf primordia led to a dramatic change in cell layer architecture. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the different leaf cell layers, coupled with an abnormal proliferation of chloroplasts especially in the mesophyll cell layers, resulted in the typical interveinal leaf banding. These discrepancies in leaf cell structure were depicted by an abnormal rate of cellular division of the leaf interveinal areas infected by the nematode, promoting significant increase of cell size and leaf thickness. The formation of symptomatic BLD leaves is therefore orchestrated by distinct cellular processes, to enhance the value of these feeding sites and to improve their nutrition status for the nematode. Our findings thus uncover relevant cellular events and provide a structural framework to understand this important disease.
Video sensor based human activity recognition systems have potential applications in life care and health care areas. The paper presents a system for elderly care by recognizing six abnormal ...activities; forward fall, backward fall, chest pain, faint, vomit, and headache, selected from the daily life activities of elderly people. Privacy of elderly people is ensured by automatically extracting the binary silhouettes from video activities. Two problems are addressed in this research, which decrease recognition accuracy during the process of abnormal human activity recognition (HAR) system development. First, the problem of continuous changing distance of a moving person from two viewpoints is resolved by using the R-transform. R-transform extracts periodic, scale and translation invariant features from the sequences of activities. Second, the high similarities in postures of different activities is significantly improved by using the kernel discriminant analysis (KDA). KDA increases discrimination between different classes of activities by using non-linear technique. Hidden markov model (HMM) is used for training and recognition of activities. The system is evaluated against linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on the original silhouette features and LDA on the R-transform features. Average recognition rate of 95.8% proves the feasibility of the system for elderly care at home.
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